CN104693967B - 一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂 - Google Patents
一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量渗进性的防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂包括基面修正材料界面剂、色差调整剂、防水底漆、罩面漆。本发明所述防护剂的优越效果在于：通过试验研究与工程实践，本发明所述防护剂在运用后能有效阻止氯离子、酸、碱化学介质向混凝土渗透，防止侵蚀分子对混凝土及其内部钢筋的破坏，延缓光照、紫外线辐射、高、低温交替及干湿交替对混凝土的破坏。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混凝土防护剂技术领域，具体涉及一种提高水利水电行业水工混凝土构筑物耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，所述防护剂能在混凝土中渗进成膜，修正混凝土的色差，优化混凝土的色调，还能提高水工构筑物混凝土的耐久性。
背景技术
在电力行业中，水力发电是一种清洁、环保、转化率高且可循环利用的发电方式。因此，对水力发电行业十分重视，每年投入大量资金对水电站进行运行维护。目前，对于水电站维护的着眼点主要放在水工建筑物的泄水建筑物方面，泄水建筑物常年受到泥沙水流的冲蚀，混凝土经常被冲蚀破坏，短期内就能看到。对于水电站行业的水位线以上的混凝土及坝后混凝土的防护，还没有引起关注，这些部位的混凝土常年经受阳光暴晒、雨水侵蚀，混凝土热胀冷缩、湿涨干缩，容易导致混凝土老化、疏松，混凝土内部的钢筋锈蚀、膨胀导致混凝土产生裂缝、碳化、流出钙质物，影响混凝土的运行寿命、裂缝渗漏影响厂房内部电气设备的正常运行。
为改善混凝土的外观并提高混凝土的耐久性，专家们研发出了各种不同类型的混凝土保护材料，目前用于提高混凝土耐久性的保护材料的主要分为有机类材料、无机类材料。无机类材料通过采用硅酸类物质与混凝土中的Ca(OH)2反应生成稳定的CaSiO3，堵塞混凝土中的毛细孔来达到提高混凝土耐久性的目的，但无机材料粒径粗，很难渗透进去，防渗效果不理想；有机类材料属于则是通过在混凝土表面附着成膜来达到阻止水分侵入的方法来进行防护，来达到降低外界侵蚀因子对混凝土破坏的目的，且有机类材料稳定性差于无机类材料，且目前大多针对城市区域的工业与民用建筑行业，在水利水电行业尚没有提高混凝土耐久性和表观质量的渗进性混凝土防护材料。
公开号为CN102531675A的中国专利公开了一种海洋工程钢筋混凝土硅烷乳液防护剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：在反应釜内用40～80质量份的去离子水预先将乳化剂搅拌溶解，在1000～2000转/分的搅拌下缓慢加入20～60质量份硅烷单体，然后在400～1200转/分的搅拌下于30～60℃乳化6～12小时，得到均一稳定微纳米级乳液，即为产品；所述的硅烷单体是至少具有三个乙氧基的硅烷单体；所述的乳化剂包括至少两种非离子型乳化剂，总添加量为硅烷单体的2～10％；所述硅烷单体是甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正辛基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基乙基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基乙基三乙氧基硅烷或苯基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。所述的乳化剂为span系列乳化剂、tween系列乳化剂、op系列乳化剂中的两种或多种；所述的乳化剂中，以任一种非离子型乳化剂为主乳化剂，其它非离子型乳化剂作为辅乳化剂，主乳化剂与辅乳化剂的质量比为2∶1～6∶1。该专利文件虽公开了海洋工程钢筋混凝土硅烷乳液防护剂的制备方法，但是该制备方法操作过程复杂，实用性差。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂。
本发明所述防护剂是以有机无机杂化材料为基础，通过材料的渗进成膜，在混凝土表面形成憎水层，提高混凝土表面密实度，降低各种离子向混凝土内的渗透性，从而提高混凝土的耐久性；且以颜色相容性良好、易于分散、保色性好的乳液为基础优化混凝土构筑物的整体色调。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂包括基面修正材料界面剂、色差调整剂、防水底漆、罩面漆；
所述基面修正材料界面剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述色差调整剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述防水底漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述罩面漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述的技术方案优选为，所述色差调整剂是先将水加入搅拌釜中，所述水为去离子水；启动搅拌机，然后加入分散剂、润湿剂、浮色发花剂、消泡剂、成膜助剂、乙二醇或丙二醇，搅拌10～30min，其中消泡剂的加入量为少量；再加入纳米级钛白粉、超细滑石粉，搅拌均匀后；加入丙烯酸树脂乳液，搅拌均匀；最后加入消泡剂、增稠剂搅拌均匀后出料，最后加入消泡剂的量为全部剩余消泡剂。
所述的技术方案优选为，所述防水底漆是先将水加入到搅拌釜中，所述水为去离子水；启动搅拌机，将去离子水加热至40～80℃，然后加入Span-80、硬脂酸钠、PH调节剂，快速搅拌10～30min；再缓慢加入硅烷偶联剂，20～40min加完，加完后快速搅拌30～60min后出料。
所述的技术方案优选为，所述罩面漆是先将水加入到搅拌釜中，所述水为去离子水；启动搅拌机，然后加入分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、成膜助剂、乙二醇或丙二醇，搅拌10～30min，其中消泡剂的加入量为少量；再加入超细滑石粉，搅拌均匀后；加入核壳型氟碳乳液，搅拌均匀；最后加入消泡剂、增稠剂搅拌均匀后出料，最后加入消泡剂的量为全部剩余消泡剂。
所述的技术方案优选为，所述防护剂还包括基面修正腻子，所述基面修正腻子按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述的技术方案优选为，所述防护剂还包括基面修正材料修补剂，所述基面修正材料修补剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述的技术方案优选为，所述基面修正材料修补剂是先将水泥、砂、粉煤灰、硅粉或矿粉、膨胀剂及减水剂置入干粉搅拌机中分散均匀后出料作为第一组分；然后将水、丙烯酸树脂乳液、有机硅乳液、聚丙烯纤维加入分散搅拌机中分散均匀后出料作为第二组分；最后将第一组分和第二组分混合。
本发明还提供一种基于上述提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂的施工工艺，至少包括以下步骤：
第一步：老化层清除；采用电动钢丝刷与电动角磨机将混凝土基面的老化层、薄弱层清除直至露出原始的混凝土为止；
第二步：根据现场混凝土老化破坏情况选择耐老化修补材料，当混凝土缺陷深度大于3mm的面积大于施工面积的75％时，采用基面修正材料修补剂配合基面修正材料界面剂进行整体找平；若混凝土缺陷深度大于3mm的面积小于施工面积的75％时，采用基面修正腻子进行处理；
第三步：色调优化；将调好色调的色差调整剂与水按照重量比1:0.5-1搅拌均匀，采用辊筒对整个混凝土面进行涂刷施工，且涂刷两次，作业面自然晾干后进行下一道工序；
第四步：防水处理；所述防水底漆中含有硅烷偶联剂，能有效阻止外来水分对混凝土的浸透，进而有效防止外界侵蚀因子以水为介质侵入混凝土的内部造成破坏，同时不妨碍混凝土内部水分的挥发；
第五步：罩面处理：采用罩面漆进行罩面处理，所述罩面漆含有耐老化的核壳型氟碳乳液，能有效减弱紫外线、太阳辐射对混凝土的破坏。
所述的技术方案优选为，在基面处理前，先将混凝土基面湿润至饱和面干。
本发明所述搅拌机、搅拌釜、电动钢丝刷、电动角磨机、辊筒均为现有技术。
通过委托中国国家建筑材料测试中心以及河南建材院建筑材料检测有限公司对混凝土保护剂进行检验，材料的性能指标检测结果如下：
与现有技术相比，本发明的优越效果在于：通过试验研究与工程实践，本发明所述防护剂在运用后能有效阻止氯离子、酸、碱化学介质向混凝土渗透，防止侵蚀分子对混凝土及其内部钢筋的破坏，延缓光照、紫外线辐射、高、低温交替及干湿交替对混凝土的破坏。
附图说明
图1为采用了本发明所述防护剂的混凝土施工剖面示意图。
附图标记如下：
1-混凝土基面、2-基面修正材料修补剂、3-色差调整剂、4-防水底漆、5-罩面漆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂包括基面修正材料界面剂、基面修正材料修补剂、基面修正腻子、色差调整剂、防水底漆、罩面漆。
所述基面修正材料界面剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述基面修正材料修补剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述基面修正腻子按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述色差调整剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述防水底漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述罩面漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
本发明所述防护剂成功应用于石漫滩水库改造。石漫滩水库位于河南省舞钢市境内的淮河上游洪河支流滚河上。坝址东距漯河市70km，距平顶山市75km。原石漫滩水库建于1951年，1975年因洪水漫顶而溃决，复建工程于1993年开工，1998年竣工并投入运行。水库建成运行至今，在工业供水、农业灌溉及下游河道的防洪除涝等方面，发挥了很大的作用。石漫滩水库经过数十年的运行，坝后混凝土在太阳暴晒、雨水侵蚀等自然条件作用下出现了严重的剥蚀现象、混凝土表面斑驳陆离。为了保证水库的安全运行，改善坝后混凝土的表观质量。经采用混凝土保护剂对水库的左坝肩混凝土进行防护处理，施工面积为3000m2。经使用该防护剂施工便捷、环保、无味；该材料施工后混凝土表观质量良好；经过两年的阳光暴晒及雨水侵袭，混凝土表面无色变、老化现象，应用效果良好。
实施例2
本发明还提供一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂包括基面修正材料界面剂、基面修正材料修补剂、基面修正腻子、色差调整剂、防水底漆、罩面漆。
所述基面修正材料界面剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述基面修正材料修补剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述基面修正腻子按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述色差调整剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述防水底漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述罩面漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
本发明所述防护剂成功应用于枕头坝一级水电站工程。枕头坝一级水电站为大渡河干流水电梯级规划的第十九个梯级，位于四川省乐山市金口河区，坝址位于大沙坝至月儿坝河段，距成都市约260km。为响应国家环保部、四川省及地方行政监督管理部门鱼类增殖和鱼类保护的要求，改善大坝上下游鱼类种群交流，促进大渡河流域水电开发工程建设与生态环境保护的持续、协调发展，枕头坝水电站设计并建设了鱼道工程。鱼道工程鱼道贯穿大坝左岸非溢流坝段布置，鱼道主进口布置于坝轴线下游260米处，主出口设置在坝轴线上游约240米处。鱼道建筑物主要由鱼道进口、梯身、鱼道出口等组成，总长1231.15米。为改善鱼道混凝土的外观色调、提高混凝土的耐久性，2014年10月，对鱼道外墙采用混凝土防护剂进行处理，施工面积约10000平方米。该材料施工后混凝土表观质量良好；经过五个月的阳光暴晒及雨水侵袭，混凝土表面无色变、老化现象，应用效果良好。
本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员可以想到的任何变形、改进、替换均落入本发明的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂包括基面修正材料界面剂、色差调整剂、防水底漆、罩面漆；
所述基面修正材料界面剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述色差调整剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述防水底漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
所述罩面漆按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述色差调整剂是先将水加入搅拌釜中，所述水为蒸馏水；启动搅拌机，然后加入分散剂、润湿剂、浮色发花剂、消泡剂、成膜助剂、乙二醇或丙二醇，搅拌10～30min，其中消泡剂的加入量为少量；再加入纳米级钛白粉、超细滑石粉，搅拌均匀后；加入丙烯酸树脂乳液，搅拌均匀；最后加入消泡剂、增稠剂搅拌均匀后出料，最后加入消泡剂的量为全部剩余消泡剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防水底漆是先将水加入到搅拌釜中，所述水为蒸馏水；启动搅拌机，将水加热至40～80℃，然后加入Span-80、硬脂酸钠、pH调节剂，快速搅拌10～30min；再缓慢加入硅烷偶联剂，20～40min加完，加完后快速搅拌30～60min后出料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述罩面漆是先将水加入到搅拌釜中，所述水为蒸馏水；启动搅拌机，然后加入分散剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、成膜助剂、乙二醇或丙二醇，搅拌10～30min，其中消泡剂加入量为少量；再加入超细滑石粉，搅拌均匀后；加入核壳型氟碳乳液，搅拌均匀；最后加入消泡剂、增稠剂搅拌均匀后出料，最后加入消泡剂的量为全部剩余消泡剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂还包括基面修正腻子，所述基面修正腻子按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述防护剂还包括基面修正材料修补剂，所述基面修正材料修补剂按照以下重量份数的原料制成：
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种提高水工混凝土耐久性与表观质量的渗进性防护剂，其特征在于，所述基面修正材料修补剂是先将水泥、砂、粉煤灰、硅粉或矿粉、膨胀剂及减水剂置入干粉搅拌机中分散均匀后出料作为第一组分；然后将水、丙烯酸树脂乳液、有机硅乳液、聚丙烯纤维加入分散搅拌机中分散均匀后出料作为第二组分；最后将第一组分和第二组分混合。
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