CN104685236A - 带指示器的轴承 - Google Patents

带指示器的轴承 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104685236A
CN104685236A CN201380046683.8A CN201380046683A CN104685236A CN 104685236 A CN104685236 A CN 104685236A CN 201380046683 A CN201380046683 A CN 201380046683A CN 104685236 A CN104685236 A CN 104685236A
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bearing
indicator
bearing according
described indicator
reaching
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CN104685236B (zh
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霍斯特·布雷姆
丹尼尔·卡利斯
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7816—Details of the sealing or parts thereof, e.g. geometry, material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/24—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/522—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to load on the bearing, e.g. bearings with load sensors or means to protect the bearing against overload
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/525—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/008—Identification means, e.g. markings, RFID-tags; Data transfer means

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

一种轴承，特别是滚动轴承，其包括作为轴承部件的至少一个轴承环(1、2)、密封元件或保持架(3)。任务是说明一种能简单改装以进行事后的损伤分析的轴承，该轴承相对于标准轴承无需进行显著的结构变化，根据本发明，针对开头提及的轴承，该任务通过能机械地、特别是通过撞击和/或机械的拉应力或压应力触发的、布置在轴承部件主体的表面上的指示器(4、5、6、7)来解决，该指示器在达到边界值时具有不可逆的能在视觉上获知的变化。

Description

带指示器的轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轴承，特别是滚动轴承，其包括作为轴承部件的至少一个轴承环、密封元件或保持架(如果该轴承构造为滚动轴承)。
背景技术
这种类型的轴承被设计和构造成用于可转动地和/或可滑动地支承组件。如果轴承失灵，则应当检查并且必要时核实损伤是否归因于该轴承以设计上不允许的方式构造。为此需要获知并核实在运行时作用到轴承上的机械力或者说机械应力。
即使在安装位置中也可以借助电子传感器，例如借助压电压力传感器或者应变传感器来监控轴承的运行状态，但这种提供连续电信号的传感器成本很高，并且在没有对轴承进行重新设计的情况下不能安装。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于说明一种能简单改装以进行事后的损伤分析的轴承，其相对于标准轴承无需进行显著的结构改变。
根据本发明，针对开头提及的轴承，该任务通过能够机械地、特别是通过撞击和/或机械的拉应力或压应力触发的、布置在轴承部件主体的表面上的指示器来解决，该指示器在达到边界值时具有不可逆的能在视觉上获知的变化。
指示器显示出轴承在运行中是否承受了在由结构决定的边界值之上的预先给定的负载，从而可以将该过载确定为可能的损伤原因。
指示器可以很容易地进行安装，且不需要在结构上改变轴承。合适的指示器原则上在封装领域中是公知的，特别是作为震动指示器(Shockwatch-Indikator)或者作为脆性漆，并且可以针对不同的使用目的在轴承中得到应用。
优选规定，指示器包括脆性漆。涂覆在轴承部件主体的表面上的脆性漆示出线状的裂纹，其横向于拉力负载方向出现且能在视觉上通过简单的观察获知，并且不仅能够定性地确定达到或超过机械应力，而且同样能够获知已经有不允许的机械应力沿着其作用的负载方向。
优选规定，指示器在达到临界值时进行颜色转变。
特别优选规定，指示器包括特别是在玻璃管中的测试液的封闭体积。这种类型的指示器原则上公知为震动指示器，并且基于撞击会破坏测试液的表面张力从而使测试液改变其颜色的原理。这种类型的指示器可以在轴承中作为撞击指示器或者作为显示超过允许的极限转速的显示器使用。
优选规定，指示器包括测试膜。该测试膜包括在达到边界值时进行颜色变化的材料，从而尤其可以核实特别是在由可延展的材料制成的滚动轴承保持架上的机械应力。
本发明的其它特征和优势由从属权利要求以及从对实施例的说明中得出。
附图说明
在下文中，参照附图进一步说明以及阐明本发明。其中：
图1示出根据本发明的轴承的实施例的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出构造为滚动轴承的轴承，其包括作为轴承部件的构造为内环的第一轴承环1、构造为外环的第二轴承环2和用于引导未示出的滚动体的保持架3，并且包括作为另一轴承部件的未示出的轴承密封件。
在保持架3的主体的端面上布置有震动指示器作为第一指示器4，以便获知关于轴承转动轴线沿径向作用的力，该力以撞击的形式出现并且达到边界值，从而使得第一指示器4进行能在视觉上获知的颜色转变。第一指示器4包括在玻璃管中的测试液的封闭体积，其中，在达到边界值时测试液的表面张力被破坏，并且测试液进行不可逆的颜色转变。
在保持架3的主体的端面上，与第一指示器4关于转动轴线相对置地布置有第二指示器5，其包括测试膜，该测试膜由于机械应力进行能在视觉上获知的不可逆的颜色转变，只要该机械应力达到边界值。第二指示器5径向(也就是说在离心力的方向上)取向地布置，但在所示实施例的变型方案中，第二指示器也可以沿保持架3的周向布置，这是因为在保持架3中材料应力也沿周向出现。
不仅在第一轴承环1的端面上而且也在第二轴承环2的端面上分别为区段配设脆性漆，其中，四个这种区段中的一个以附图标记“6”示出并且具有第三指示器6。脆性漆在机械拉应力的情况下特别是横向于拉应力方向地构造出能在视觉上获知的不可逆的裂纹线。
沿周向在第一轴承环1和第二轴承环2的每两个脆性漆区段之间居中地分别布置有圆弧段状的测压膜区段，其中一个测压膜区段通过附图标记“7”示出并且具有第四指示器7。在机械负载的情况下，在第四指示器7的测压膜中产生不可逆的机械变化，其例如能通过偏振光在视觉上获知。
此外，该轴承还包括至少两个温度指示器8、9，它们在保持架3上关于转动轴线彼此径向对置地布置在与保持架3的端面邻接的周侧面上，并且在达到临界温度时进行能在视觉上获知的不可逆的颜色转变。
此外，该轴承还包括没有在附图中示出的湿度指示器，当在轴承中达到临界空气湿度时，该指示器进行能在视觉上获知的不可逆的颜色转变；该湿度指示器例如以在相应轴承环1、2端面附近的方式布置在第二轴承环2的内周侧面上或者布置在第一轴承环1的外周侧面上，以便能够容易地读出湿度指示器的颜色。
附图标记列表
1   第一轴承环
2   第二轴承环
3   保持架
4   第一指示器
5   第二指示器
6   第三指示器
7   第四指示器
8   温度指示器
9   温度指示器

Claims (7)

1.一种轴承，特别是滚动轴承，所述轴承包括作为轴承部件的至少一个轴承环(1、2)、密封元件或保持架(3)，其特征在于具有能机械地、特别是通过撞击和/或机械的拉应力或压应力触发的、布置在轴承部件的主体的表面上的指示器(4、5、6、7)，所述指示器在达到边界值时具有不可逆的能在视觉上获知的变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述指示器(4、5)在达到边界值时进行颜色转变。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述指示器(4)包括特别是在玻璃管中的测试液的封闭体积。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述指示器(5)包括测试膜。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述指示器(7)包括测压膜。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的轴承，所述轴承还包括温度指示器(8、9)，所述温度指示器在达到临界温度时进行能在视觉上获知的颜色转变。
7.根据权利要求1所述的轴承，其特征在于，所述指示器(6)包括脆性漆。
CN201380046683.8A 2012-09-19 2013-08-06 带指示器的轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN104685236B (zh)

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DE102012216762.5A DE102012216762A1 (de) 2012-09-19 2012-09-19 Lager
DE102012216762.5 2012-09-19
PCT/DE2013/200102 WO2014044262A1 (de) 2012-09-19 2013-08-06 Lager mit indikator

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CN104685236B CN104685236B (zh) 2017-07-18

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US (1) US20150233418A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2898229A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN104685236B (zh)
DE (1) DE102012216762A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014044262A1 (zh)

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CN106996865A (zh) * 2016-01-22 2017-08-01 斯凯孚公司 贴纸、状况监测系统、方法和计算机程序产品
CN107015552A (zh) * 2016-01-22 2017-08-04 斯凯孚公司 贴纸、状况监测系统、方法和计算机程序产品
US11200791B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2021-12-14 Aktiebolaget Skf Sticker and condition monitoring system

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