CN1046693C - 通过乙烯的低聚生产改进纯度的轻质α-烯烃的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种通过乙烯的低聚生产改进纯度的轻质α-烯烃的方法,其特征在于将乙烯与催化剂接触,该催化剂通过将锆化合物与选自乙缩醛和酮缩醇类的有机化合物以及氯化的或溴化的烃基铝化合物混合而制得,而且粗低聚流出物首先用胺处理,然后进行气化,以便在气化馏分中收集α-烯烃。
Description
本发明的主题是生产改进纯度的轻质α-烯烃的方法,该方法采用特定的齐格勒型催化剂(如1992年7月9日的法国专利申请92/08658号中所述),对乙烯进行低聚,然后,注入胺破坏所述催化剂,接着气化所得流出物。
更确切而言,所述催化剂是通过混合以下化合物而制得的:
-式ZrXxYyOz的错化合物,其中X是氯或溴原子,Y是选自由烷氧基RO-、氨基R2N-,和羧化物RCOO-形成的基团,式中,R是具有1-30个碳原子的烃基,x和y可以为0-4的整数以及Z等于0或0.5,x+y之和等于4,
-与式(R1′)(R2′)C(OR1)(OR2)的有机化合物,其中R1′和R2′由1个氢原子或具有1-30个碳原子的烃基构成,而R1和R2是具有1-30个碳原子的烃基,
-以及与式AlRn″X3-n的铝化合物,其中R″是具有1-6个碳原子的烃基,X是1个氯或溴原子,以及n是1和2之间的数。
这种催化剂可以通过将锆化合物,例如四氯化锆与选自通过醛或酮与一元醇或多元醇的缩聚而得的醛缩醇类和酮缩醇类的有机化合物,例如2,2-双(2-乙基己氧基)-丙烷,以及与氯化的或溴化的烃基铝化合物,例如乙基铝倍半氯化物混合而制得。
本发明提出了一种破坏上述低聚催化剂的特殊方法。
在均相催化法的工业实施中,除了对反应本身的控制之外,会遇到从粗反应混合物中分离和析出产物,特别是完全溶于反应混合物中的催化剂的问题。
在乙烯低聚反应的情况下,可以使用两种方法来解决这个问题:
-在蒸馏烃之前,通过沉淀和过滤或离心,或通过两相萃取,例如用水萃取,将催化剂除去,
-直接蒸馏烃、未转化的乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯和高级低聚物,使该催化剂留在蒸馏的底部,虽然它还是可溶性的,但是却浓集在重质低聚物馏分以及可能以副产品产生的聚合物中。
尽管如此,无论采用什么方法,在实施中已观察到用水相处理或在蒸馏柱的重沸器中延长低聚物和催化剂之间的接触,均会产生对产品质量有害的例如氯化这样的一些副反应。因此,最好预先破坏催化剂的活性,最常用的方法是加碱将其破环。
美国专利4396788、美国专利4434312、美国专利4442309和美国专利4486615中关于防止生成有关的副产品,和欧洲专利241596中关于防止氯化的副产品形成,叙述了在反应结束时通过添加防聚合反应剂和胺破坏锆基乙烯低聚催化剂。在上述专利以及欧洲专利328728和日本专利03103406中叙述了使用苏打或氨的水溶液以及添加或不添加胺的方法。
在欧洲专利320571中,将低聚反应的产物进行分离残余乙烯的操作(称为闪蒸),所述操作伴随聚合物的沉淀。将该聚合物磨碎并将所得的混合物与胺混合,以使催化剂减活化。蒸馏可以将烯烃化合物回收。
通过用pH7的中性水相分解由锆化合物与醛缩醇或酮缩醇以及与氯化烃基铝的混合物组成的三元催化剂,生产α-烯烃,由于氯化的有机化合物的存在烯烃会受到污染。将例如上述的方法应用于相同的催化剂,表现出的作用不大,因为,虽然这些方法可以有效地降低低聚物中氯化的化合物含量,但是,对这类烯烃的常规用途而言,其含量仍然太高。
本发明也涉及破坏和特效地分离由锆化合物与醛缩醇或酮缩醇以及氯化烃基铝的混合物组成的三元乙烯催化剂的方法。已发现,如果在任一分馏之前将粗低聚流出物按顺序进行以下处理,几乎可以完全制止不希望发生的反应,特别是所生产的α-烯烃的氯化:
1)将至少一种胺引入低聚反应器的流出物中,
2)通过升高温度或降低压力,或在该温度和压力的同时作用下,将用胺处理后的流出物气化,以便在气化的馏分中收集α-烯烃。
根据本发明可以采用的胺优选通式为R1R2NH的伯胺或仲胺,式中R1是氢或烃基和R2是烃基。R1和R2一起可以代表亚烷基。烃基可以是脂族的、环脂族的或芳族的,且具有1-22个碳原子。
如下面的对比例所示,氨是不适宜的。
出于实用的原因,胺的蒸气压最好低一些,这样,就不会在蒸馏和/或在其再蒸馏的过程中显著地污染α-烯烃。因此,优选采用总计至少有6个碳原子,例如6-22个碳原子的胺。在胺类中,环己胺、乙基-2-己胺、月桂胺、硬脂胺、油胺、苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、二丁胺、二癸基胺、由天然脂肪物质而得的混合物,例如动物脂、棕榈油或椰子油都是可以特别提及的。
优选在低聚反应发生的温度下添加胺,也就是说20-180℃,并优选40-150℃下添加,否则在高于或低于反应温度20-30℃的不同温度下添加。
胺的添加量为,胺与含于反应混合物中的铝化合物的摩尔比在0.1∶1和20∶1之间,并优选1∶1至10∶1。
用胺处理后的粗流出物的气化,可以通过升高温度或降低压力,或在该温度和压力的同时作用下产生。采用的温度和压力范围取决于所生产的α-烯烃的碳原子数的分布。
最好能达到最大的气化量,例如至少气化用胺处理后的流出物体积的90%,并优选95%或更多,以便控制根据环境保护规定必须处理的排放量。然而,必须确保不致产生有害于烯烃热稳定性的过高的气化温度。气化温度优选保持在低于或等于250℃,并优选200℃。
由气化产生的且含有减活化催化剂的重质产物,可以采用任一种符合环境标准的方法焚化或处理。
气化的低聚物可以根据需要直接送到蒸馏柱系统,该系统一方面可以分离低聚物中未转化的乙烯,该乙烯可以返回到低聚反应器,而另一方面,可以分离低聚物本身。
下面,将通过一些实施例对本发明进行说明,而不限制本发明的范围。实施例1
将2·10-3摩尔升华了的四氯化锆,避免受潮,转移到置于惰性气氛中的100毫升玻璃烧瓶中,然后,用皮下注射器注入45毫升干燥的和除去空气的甲苯。将5毫升甲苯溶液中的2·10-3摩尔2,2-双(2-乙基己氧基)-丙烷在室温下借助磁棒的搅拌添加到该白色悬浮液中。几分钟后,氯化锆溶解,这样制得的均相溶液的颜色由浅黄色变化为橙色,表明配位化合物生成。
将上述制备的5毫升锆的配位化合物溶液,即0.2·10-3摩尔锆、50毫升庚烷,以及10毫升庚烷溶液中的1.2·10-3摩尔乙基铝倍半氯化物Al2Et3Cl3在氩气气氛和室温下,按顺序引入有效容积为250毫升的不锈钢高压釜中,该高压釜装有双夹套,可以通过水或油的循环调节温度。
在将乙烯引入高压釜的同时,将温度调节到90℃,以保持6MPa的恒压。反应2小时后,停上引入乙烯。
然后,将3毫升甲苯溶液中的0.55克,即4.28·10-3摩尔乙基-2-己铵,借助可将压力控制到高于高压釜压力的锁气室,在压力下注入高压釜中。这相当于胺/Al的比等于1.78摩尔。
然后,借助伸到容器底部的内管和减压阀将高压釜中的产物注入玻璃烧瓶中,该玻璃烧瓶浸没在180℃油浴中,顶上装有与置于-78℃干冰浴中的收集瓶连接的短的Vigreux分馏柱。这样,将114克产品收集在收集瓶中,然后,任其降到室温,大部分丁烯以及少量己烯呈气态逸出。闪蒸的和稳定的产品中的有机氯含量小于1ppm(以重量计)。
还含有催化剂残渣和少量聚合物的重质的、未闪蒸的产物组分为3克。实施例2(对比例)
在这一实施例中采用与实施例1相同的操作方法制备锆配合物溶液,将催化剂置于相同的高压釜中,并按相同的条件和相同的反应时间进行乙烯的低聚反应。反应结束时,采用与实施例1相同的方法将相同量的乙基-2-己铵注入高压釜中。
然后,使高压釜冷却,并通过将气态产物释放到贮气罐中而减压。热后,将高压釜打开,在惰性气氛中收集93克稳定的液态产品。用20毫升18%(以重量计)的苏打水溶液洗涤产品,以除去催化剂残渣。洗涤后的产品中有机氯的含量等于26ppm。
现有技术的这一实施例与实施例1比较,在使用锆-乙缩醛-乙基铝倍半氯化物的三元氯化物催化剂的情况下,显示出本发明的优越性。实施例3(对比例)
在这一实施例中采用与实施例1相同的操作方法制备锆配合物溶液,将催化剂置于相同的高压釜中,并按相同的条件和相同的反应时间进行乙烯的低聚反应。反应结束时,使高压釜冷却,并通过将气态产物释放到贮气罐中而减压。然后,将高压釜打开,在惰性气氛中收集92克稳定的液态产品。
在剧烈搅拌的同时,将0.2·10-3摩尔水,即相当于锆的量,添加到保持在惰性气氛下的产品中,然后,添加20毫升32%(以重量计)的氨水。在倾析和分离烃相后,测得有机氯含量等于54ppm。
另一个现有技术的实施例与实施例1比较,在使用锆-乙缩醛-乙基铝倍半氯化物的三元氯化物催化剂的情况下,显示出本发明的优越性。实施例4(对比例)
在这一实施例中采用与实施例1相同的操作方法制备锆配合物溶液,将催化剂置于相同的高压釜中,并按相同的条件和相同的反应时间进行乙烯的低聚反应。反应结束时,借助可将压力控制到高于高压釜压力的锁气室,在压力下将3毫升水注入高压釜中。然后,使高压釜冷却,并通过将气态产物释放到贮气罐中而减压。然后,将高压釜打开,收集稳定的液态产品。
然后,将上述产品蒸馏并分析收集的每一种馏分中有机氯的含量。这样,就得到21克含418ppm氯的己烯、12.5克含426ppm氯的辛烯、7.3克含553ppm氯的癸烯以及10.2克含1,650ppm氯的釜底产物。
该实施例表明,用水处理粗低聚流出物时,在所有的馏分中都含有氯化的副产品。实施例5
乙烯的低聚反应在连续操作的中同试验装置中进行,该装置包括总容积为1升装有全搅拌的反应器,在控制容积为0.7升液体的情况下操作。在通过油循环将温度调节到120℃,借助安装在出口管线上的减压阀将压力保持在6.5MPa的条件下,将0.7克升华了的氯化锆和0.9克2,2-双(2-乙基己氧基)-丙烷在1千克干燥并除去空气的邻二甲苯中的溶液,以每小时25克的流量以及17.4克乙基铝倍半氯化物在1千克干燥并除去空气的邻二甲苯中的溶液,以每小时25克的流量连续注入该反应器中。在上述情况下,进入反应器的乙烯的产率,受到液面控制,测定为每小时180克。
在反应器的出口,将44.4克月硅胺在1千克干燥并除去空气的邻二甲苯中的溶液以每小时30克的流量连续在线注入,这相当于胺/Al的比等于2.05摩尔。然后,将流出物通过在温度150℃和0.3MPa压力下操作的闪蒸柱。将闪蒸馏分送入稳定塔,并将未闪蒸的馏分收集在收集罐中。还含有催化剂残渣和少量聚合物的未闪蒸的馏分代表了每小时23克的产率。以稳定塔为基础的物料平衡表明闪蒸低聚物的产率等于每小时107克。
闪蒸和稳定后的馏分中有机氯含量的分析结果表明其值小于1ppm。实施例6(对比例)
采用与实施例5中所述的相同中间试验装置,除了不用闪蒸塔之外,其余条件相同。在与实施例5相同的条件下,用月桂胺处理的流出物直接送入稳定塔。
在塔底收集的稳定产品,用18%(以重量计)苏打水溶液,按2体积产品与1体积苏打之比,间歇地处理。
稳定的和苏打处理后的产品中有机氯的分析结果为39ppm。
已在实施例1和2的间歇操作中演示的胺处理,然后闪蒸的工序所取得的意想不到的有利结果,通过连续操作的实施例5和6的比较得到证实。
Claims (9)
1.一种将乙烯转化成改进纯度的轻质α-烯烃的方法,其特征在于将乙烯与通过混合以下化合物而制得的催化剂接触:
-式ZrxYyOz的锆化合物,其中X是氯或溴原子,Y是选自烷氧基RO-、氨基R2N-,和羧化物RCOO-的基团,式中,R是具有1-30个碳原子的烃基,x和y可以为0-4的整数以及Z等于0或0.5,x+y+2z之和等于4,
-与式(R1’)(R2’)C(OR1)(OR2)的有机化合物,其中R1’和R2’由1个氢原子或具有1-30个碳原子的烃基构成,而R1和R2是具有1-30个碳原子的烃基,
-以及与式AlRn”X3-n的铝化合物,其中R”是具有1-6个碳原子的烃基,X是1个氯或溴原子,以及n是1和2之间的数,
其特征还在于将至少一种通式为R1R2NH的胺引入粗低聚流出物中,并将这样处理后的流出物气化,以便在气化的馏分中收集α-烯烃,其中该胺的通式中R1是氢或具有1-22个碳原子的烃基,和R2是具有1-22个碳原子的烃基,引入胺的量为,胺与铝化物的摩尔比在0.1∶1和20∶1之间。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于胺具有至少6个碳原子。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于胺选自环己胺、乙基-2-己胺、月桂胺、硬脂胺、油胺、苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、二丁胺、二癸胺以及由天然脂肪物质而得的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1,2或3的方法,其特征在于,在20-180℃下将胺引入粗低聚流出物。
5.根据权利要求1,2或3的方法,其特征在于引入胺的量为,胺与铝化合物的摩尔比在1∶1和10∶1之间。
6.根据权利要求1,2或3的方法,其特征在于气化采取升温的条件进行。
7.根据权利要求1,2或3的方法,其特征在于气化采取降低压力的条件进行。
8.根据权利要求1,2或3的方法,其特征在于至少用胺处理的流出物体积的至少90%被气化。
9.根据前述权利要求6的方法,其特征在于气化温度低于或等于250℃。
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FR94/00453 | 1994-01-14 | ||
FR9400453A FR2715154B1 (fr) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | Procédé de production d'oléfines alpha légères de pureté améliorée par oligomérisation, de l'éthylène. |
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EP (1) | EP0689528B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH08507553A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100330938B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1046693C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2156843A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69502136T2 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2715154B1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY115329A (zh) |
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- 1995-01-13 CN CN95190032A patent/CN1046693C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-13 DE DE69502136T patent/DE69502136T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1995-01-13 EP EP95907035A patent/EP0689528B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-13 US US08/513,982 patent/US5811619A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US5811619A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
JPH08507553A (ja) | 1996-08-13 |
FR2715154B1 (fr) | 1996-04-05 |
CN1122130A (zh) | 1996-05-08 |
KR950032024A (ko) | 1995-12-20 |
FR2715154A1 (fr) | 1995-07-21 |
WO1995019332A1 (fr) | 1995-07-20 |
MY115329A (en) | 2003-05-31 |
EP0689528B1 (fr) | 1998-04-22 |
DE69502136D1 (de) | 1998-05-28 |
KR100330938B1 (ko) | 2002-09-04 |
CA2156843A1 (fr) | 1995-07-20 |
EP0689528A1 (fr) | 1996-01-03 |
DE69502136T2 (de) | 1998-08-13 |
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