CN104603493A - 基础元件 - Google Patents

基础元件 Download PDF

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CN104603493A
CN104603493A CN201380045931.7A CN201380045931A CN104603493A CN 104603493 A CN104603493 A CN 104603493A CN 201380045931 A CN201380045931 A CN 201380045931A CN 104603493 A CN104603493 A CN 104603493A
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fixed hole
elastomer
pass
fixed
base components
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CN104603493B (zh
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J.沙夫
B.纽斯
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Bai Jie Rubber-Metal Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2502/00—Acrylic polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2530/00—Rubber or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • F16F1/3842—Method of assembly, production or treatment; Mounting thereof
    • F16F1/3849—Mounting brackets therefor, e.g. stamped steel brackets; Restraining links
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0005—Attachment, e.g. to facilitate mounting onto confer adjustability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0023—Purpose; Design features protective
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/32—Modular design
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/54—Arrangements for attachment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49707—Bearing surface treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于借助固定孔(15)固定构件的基础元件(2)，该固定孔被开槽在金属的基体(4)中，该基体以弹性体(8)覆层。对于基础元件(2)的制造，其以有效方式配备防腐保护，但是同时个性化地与不同的安装状况相适配并且在此可经济地制造，则通过本发明建议，固定孔(15A,15B)设计为两个孔型(A,B)并且至少一个孔型(B)通过在基体(4)上构造弹性体而成为不可用的。

Description

基础元件
本发明涉及一种用于借助固定孔固定构件的基础元件，该固定孔被开槽在金属的基体中，该基体以弹性体层覆层。这种基础元件通常设计为板件并且用于固定构件。该构件尤其是减振元件，其定义两个通过弹性体相互连接的连接区域。这种减振元件作为弹性体减振元件或防振座是已知的。因为在这种减振元件中，弹性体被用于缓冲地传递在连接区域之间的力，所以弹性体通常也可以覆盖在金属件(包括基础元件)上，以便由此发挥防腐保护的作用。用作防腐层的单独的涂漆相应的是多余的(也可参照文献DE 101 42 210C1或DE 10 2008 021 207 A1)。
在常见的基础元件中，固定孔被设置以孔型，所述孔型通过安装状态决定。固定孔相应地这样相互定位，使得它们在基础元件的安装状态中设置在期望的固定位置中。结构上相同的构件有时安装在不同的安装位置上和不同的安装状态中。在这种情况中必要的是，设置呈不同布局形式的固定孔，用于将基础件与构件一起固定。也就是存在这种可能，对于可能的变型设置多个固定孔，其中，在特定的安装状态中仅使用所述固定孔中的一个选择。设置在基础元件上的多个固定孔具有错误装配的风险。所述装配由于必须分别选择正确的固定孔而变得复杂并且时间变长。
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种前述形式的基础元件，其通过廉价的方式防止腐蚀，并且在避免上述问题的同时实现不止一种的螺栓连接方案。
为了通过本发明解决所述技术问题推荐一种具有权利要求1的特征的基础元件。其特征在于，固定孔构成至少两个孔型，并且所述孔型的至少一个由于在基体上构成的弹性体而不可用。
按照本发明的基础元件具有至少两个不同的孔型，也就是说可以在两个不同的安装状态中被安装。安装状态在此通过与固定孔配合成型的固定孔眼或固定销确定。基础元件具有至少两个孔型，其中每个单个的孔型设计为与确定的安装状态相适配。这包含了这种可能，即两个不同的孔型被分成一个或多个固定孔。因此可以通过在基础元件上的总共三个固定孔已经构成了两个不同的孔型。基础元件尤其是板件，其通过冲裁或弯曲成型并且构成固定法兰，所述固定法兰支承在此一件式或多件式成型的构件、例如内部件或弹性体支座的外部件。在此内部件和外部件自身规则地实施，并且利用弹性体的中间结合而相互连接，在此弹性体设计为减振的弹性体结构。
在按照本发明的基础元件中，弹性体还发挥防腐保护的作用，也就是通常几乎完全覆层所述金属基体。通常用于基础元件的至少一个支承面被留空，也就是不覆盖弹性材料，用于获得用于固定基础元件的精确的支承面。在此非常薄的涂层已经足够。首先通过弹性体材料完整地包覆基体的金属表面。此外弹性材料也这样设计，使得孔型的至少一个的固定孔由于构造了弹性体而不可用。在本发明中“不可用的”意味着，对于装配者在视觉检查中可以识别出，孔型的由于弹性体而变得不可用的固定孔不会用于固定。这不意味着该孔一定不能用于固定。已经足够的是，通过弹性材料设置了从金属基体的内圆周覆层向内突出的指示结构，其表示，这个固定孔不应被选择用于相应方案的安装。
因此按照一种优选的扩展设计，不可用的孔型的固定孔的内表面至少部分地被弹性体覆盖。这种构造情况由此得到，即不可用的孔型的固定孔以及可用的固定孔都在内侧被涂覆弹性材料。弹性材料从不可用的孔型的固定孔并同时从这种覆层径向向内突出，并且将相应的固定孔表示为不可用的固定孔。
按照一种可选的结构设计，不可用的孔型的固定孔完全被弹性体覆盖。因此固定元件(例如销子或螺栓)不能在不破坏弹性材料的情况下安装入不可用的孔型的固定孔中。
按照本发明的一种扩展设计，不可用的孔型的固定孔用塞子封闭。这种塞子至少在一侧以弹性体覆盖并且相应地被固定。所述塞子可以设计为圆锥形的，因此即使当其中没有设置弹性材料时也能避免掉落到对置侧。塞子的材料不必是昂贵的耐腐材料。相反可以出于对成本的考虑来选择材料。因此可以使用木纤维塞子或泡沫塑料。该塞子在此用作空间保持器并且节省弹性材料，否则弹性材料必须完全填充该固定孔。
按照本发明一种备选的结构设计，在不可用的孔型的固定孔中安置封闭元件，其通过硫化胶合与弹性体相连。在这种情况中，封闭元件例如在基础元件被弹性材料覆盖之前就已经安置在不可用的孔型的固定孔中，并且之后以弹性材料覆盖，并且最后通过硫化胶合与弹性材料相连，因此有效防止封闭元件的脱落。
本发明的其他细节和优点由以下结合附图对实施例的说明得出。在附图中：
图1示出减振元件的局部剖切的立体图；
图2示出相对图1所示的实施例的变型的实施例的俯视图；和
图3示出用于可选固定状态的、在图1和2中所示的实施例。
图1示出具有外部件2和内部件3的减振元件1。也被称为基础元件的外部件2是借助冲裁和弯曲构成的板件，并且具有金属的板芯4，所述板芯分别构成中间的圆柱部段5、固定法兰6和对应法兰7。板芯4完全被由弹性体构成的弹性体层8覆盖，弹性体层将内部件3与外部件2相连，也就是通过未示出的弹性体件，其被圆柱部段5环绕地包围。弹性体构成在固定法兰6上突出的减振唇9，减振唇位于固定法兰6的向圆柱部段5引导的内边缘上。
减振唇9限定了内部件3的转动，内部件与减振唇9相对置地成型止挡盘10。止挡盘10具有两个外凸成型的外廓部段11以及两个基本上对置的内凹的外廓部段12。在这种外廓部段12下方，减振唇9留出了留空空间13。
内部件3具有固定口14。固定法兰6具有两个相互对置的贯穿的固定孔15，所述固定孔如图2所示与止挡盘10的外廓部段12基本上齐平，也就是说在图2的俯视图中是露出的。固定孔15通过对板芯4的冲裁和弯曲成型，如尤其图1的剖切部分所示。固定孔15具有相应的朝向固定侧伸入的圆柱部段16，圆柱部段的自由端面作为环形面17限定出固定平面。环形面没有弹性材料。
两个在图2中在外廓部段12中露出的固定孔15构成第一孔型A，并且相应地称为固定孔15A。
为了固定在图1和2中所示的实施例，固定法兰6通过两个固定孔15A的环形面17贴靠在对应面上。螺栓或销钉贯穿固定孔15。外部件2相应地与振动系统的第一元件、例如底盘相连。通过固定口14进行与振动系统的其他元件的固定，因此两个元件通过减振元件1相互连接。在减振时出现两个部件2、3的相对运动。这可以出现颤动，在颤动的范围中止挡盘10相对减振唇9止挡。由于内凹的外廓部段12可以避免直接相对固定法兰进行止挡，固定法兰用于通过固定孔15固定外部件2。
图3示出在图1和2中表示的用于可选的安装状态的实施例。对于这种安装状态，内部件3围绕通过固定口14定义的轴线转过大约180°，因此在图2和3上部示出的固定孔15仍被露出，相反在图2和3下方相邻示出的固定孔15中，在图2中露出的固定孔15A部分地被外凸成型的外廓部段11之一覆盖，并且与之相邻设置的固定孔15B通过止挡盘10的内凹的外廓部段12露出。因此在图3中示出另一孔型B，并且构成这种孔型的固定孔相应地标以附图标记B。另外的孔型B用于将外部件2固定在振动系统的可选的成型的元件上。
如图1所示，标以附图标记15B的固定孔是不可用的。为此在固定孔15B中安置塑料塞18。除此之外固定孔15B被完整地构成，也就是说具有圆柱部段16。然而固定孔也可以在固定侧覆以弹性材料并且相应地对该处进行防腐保护。弹性体相应地包覆塑料塞18并且将其固定地保持在固定孔15B中。
取代塑料塞18，固定孔15B可选地也可以完全通过弹性材料封闭。同样固定孔15B也可以仅部分地覆盖或封闭。
如实施例所示，构成减振元件1的部件设计为相同的。在此，外部件2构成在本发明的范畴中的作为示例的基础元件。该外部件2具有三个固定孔15，其中分别形成两个孔型A或B。固定孔15中的每两个都可以用于这样的安装状态。其他的固定孔15A或15B是不可用的，也就是通过相应的弹性材料造型。弹性材料在按照图1的实施例中包含塑料塞18。在按照图2的变型中，固定孔15的内圆周面通过弹性材料部分地覆盖或封闭，因此可以识别出，就是这个固定孔15B不能出于安装目的被选用，即使有时相反可穿过固定孔15A的固定螺栓可能通过相应的固定孔15B。
在按照图3的实施例中，第一孔型A的与固定孔15B相邻的固定孔15A被覆盖并且因此不可用。在这种实施例中，弹性材料穿过整个固定孔15A延伸。
从用于固定所设置的固定孔15的环形面17看去，外部件2完全地被用作防腐保护的弹性材料覆盖。弹性材料此外构成减振元件1的功能面和功能元件，因此这种弹性材料综合地地既提供防腐保护，也用于减振元件1的内部的减振，也就是说减振地实现了在两个部件2、3之间的相对运动，并且至少被作为止挡的减振唇9限制了相对运动。
附图标记清单
1  减振元件
2  外部件/基础元件
3  内部件
4  板芯
5  圆柱部段
6  固定法兰
7  对应法兰
8  弹性层
9  减振唇
10 止挡盘
11 突出的外廓部段
12 凹入的外廓部段
13 留空空间
14 固定口
15 固定孔
16 圆柱部段
17 环形面
18 塑料塞

Claims (5)

1.一种用于借助固定孔(15)固定构件的基础元件(2)，所述固定孔被开槽在金属的基体(4)中，该基体以弹性体(8)覆层，其特征在于，固定孔(15)构成至少两个孔型(A；B)，并且所述孔型的至少一个(15A；15B)通过在基体(4)上构造弹性体而成为不可用的。
2.按照权利要求1所述的基础元件(2)，其特征在于，不可用的孔型(1B)的固定孔(15B)至少部分地被弹性体覆盖。
3.按照权利要求1所述的基础元件(2)，其特征在于，不可用的孔型(A；B)的固定孔(15A,15B)完全被弹性体覆盖。
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的基础元件(2)，其特征在于，不可用的孔型(B)的固定孔(15B)用塞子(18)封闭，所述塞子至少在一侧被弹性体覆盖。
5.按照前述权利要求之一所述的基础元件(2)，其特征在于，在不可用的孔型(B)的固定孔(15B)中装入封闭元件(18)，该封闭元件通过硫化胶合与弹性体相连。
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