CN1046019C - 液压致动器的制造方法及用于该方法的基础致动器 - Google Patents

液压致动器的制造方法及用于该方法的基础致动器 Download PDF

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CN1046019C
CN1046019C CN94190057A CN94190057A CN1046019C CN 1046019 C CN1046019 C CN 1046019C CN 94190057 A CN94190057 A CN 94190057A CN 94190057 A CN94190057 A CN 94190057A CN 1046019 C CN1046019 C CN 1046019C
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actuator body
projection
basic
actuator
foundry goods
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CN1102286A (zh
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G·R·库普
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Automotive Products PLC
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Automotive Products PLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/22—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for pressing members apart, e.g. for drum brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
    • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
    • F16D2125/70—Rods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49799—Providing transitory integral holding or handling portion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49989—Followed by cutting or removing material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
    • Y10T29/49996—Successive distinct removal operations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12264—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.] having outward flange, gripping means or interlocking feature

Abstract

一种制造例如车轮制动油缸体或离合器(或制动器)主动油缸体的液压致动器体10的方法。该方法包括这样的步骤，即做出一个具有至少一个从其上外伸的凸块14的基础致动器体14；通过将凸块14装夹在联动夹爪之间而夹持致动器体10；在利用凸块14夹持致动器体的情况下对致动器体进行加工。如果需要，可在所有其他加工工序完成以后将凸块14从致动器体10上除掉。

Description

液压致动器的制造方法及用于该方法的基础致动器
本发明涉及液压致动器诸如制动器和离合器的主动和从动油缸的制造方法以及用于该方法的基础致动器。
汽车的内蹄鼓式制动器通常由安装在后挡扳上的车轮制动油缸所驱动。尽管某一尺寸的制动油缸可能适用于多种不同的汽车，多品种汽车的制造商都知道他们的制动油缸需要不同的安装法兰，即使对于单一品种汽车的制造商，对于各个汽车也需要不同的安装法兰。
制动油缸的缸体通常先用铸造的方法做出，再机械加工成最后的形状。由于不同的要求，特别是因为要参照安装法兰，缸体的铸件有不同形状，从而要用不同的夹具在加工过程中夹持铸件。而不同的加工工序中还需要不同的夹具。因此制造大量不同汽车的一系列制动油缸就需要用很大量不同的夹具。这就使费用昂贵并使管理十分复杂，因为每个夹具和铸件必须成对地送到特定的机加工序工作地去。
对于其他液压致动器例如离合器和制动器的主动油缸的生产，存在同样的问题。
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够节省大量夹具，降低制造费用的制造液压致动器的方法和用于该方法的基础致动器。
根据本发明所提供的制造液压致动器体的方法，其特征在于它包括有这样的步骤，即做出一个具有一个凸块从其上向外伸出的基础致动器体；利用该凸块夹持该致动器体；在用该凸块夹持该致动器体的情况下加工该致动器体。
根据本发明的制造液压致动器的方法，它包括以下步骤：
(a)提供一个基础致动器体的铸型，该铸型限定一个从致动器体伸出的夹紧凸块；
(b)在该铸型中铸造基础致动器体；
(c)将该基础致动器体从铸型中取出；
(d)通过用合作夹爪夹住该凸块而将基础致动器体夹在一加工夹具中；以及
(e)用夹具夹住该致动器体对其进行加工。
本发明还提供一种用上述方法的基础致动器体，其特征在于，所述致动器体铸有至少一个从其伸出的夹持凸块，从而该致动器体随后可在加工工序中夹持在机加工夹具上。
利用凸块在加工时夹持基础致动器体的优点在于，一种单一的凸块设计可以用来夹持多种多样的基础致动器体，从而降低了加工不同致动器所需夹持爪的多样性。
以下将结合附图对本发明仅作示例地加以描述。
附图中：
图1表示利用本发明的方法制造鼓式制动器从动油缸体所用的一个铸件的正视图；
图2为图1铸件的侧视图；
图3为沿图1中Ⅲ-Ⅲ线的剖面图；
图4为图1铸件的凸块夹持于两个相对的爪中的简图；
图5和6表示一个加工完毕的车轮制动油缸体；
图7为基础主动油缸铸件在用本发明的方法加工以前的底视图；
图8和9分别为图7铸件的正视图和侧视图；
图10为沿图8中X-X线的横截面图；而
图11表示图7铸件的凸块夹持于两个相对的夹爪中的简图。
参阅图1至3，图中表示一个基础铸件10，从其中要加工出一个用于汽车内蹄鼓式制动器的双端车轮制动油缸。该铸件通常为铝或铸铁件。
铸件10包括一个致动器体11，其上将加工出一个内孔12(见虚线)，致动器体11的一侧还带有一个法兰13。铸件10要加工成如图5和6所示的形状。法兰13在加工以后要用来将车轮制动油缸安装在鼓式制动器的一个挡板上。铸件11做成在其远离法兰13的一侧带有与其连成一体的凸块14。在将铸件加工成其最终形状10A的过程中，凸块14夹持于一对相对的夹爪21,22之间。
凸块14的截面最好做成如图3所示的长圆形，该长圆形由两条相对的直线17将两端的半圆弧15和16连结而成。这个形状被认为当置于两个V形夹爪21和22之间时可得到最优的夹持(见图4)。
凸块14的总长度“L”至少为15毫米，最好在20至25毫米的范围。凸块14的总宽度“W”至少为10毫米，最好在12至14毫米的范围。凸块从铸件体11伸出一个“D”的距离，其值最少为10毫米，最好在20至25毫米之间。
在所有其他加工工序完成后，将凸块14从铸件体11上加工掉。
利用凸块14在加工时夹持车轮制动油缸铸件的优点在于，使用单一设计的凸块可夹持一系列不同的车轮制动油缸铸件进行多种不同的加工工序，从而降低了加工不同车轮制动油缸体所需夹爪的多样性。
参看图7至11，图中表示了一个制动器主动油缸的基础铸件30，从该件要加工出一个串联式主动油缸。该铸件通常同样为铝或铸铁件。
铸件30具有一个安装法兰31，加工后成为油池入口的凸台32和33，为左右前刹车器提供出口的凸台35，提供压力失效警告开关门的凸台36，用作油池(未示出)支承的凸台37和38。
铸件30上除了要对上述凸台以及铸件的其他外伸部分如安装法兰进行加工外，还要对通常一个制动器主动油缸所需的内腔和连接孔进行加工。
为了在这些加工工序中支承铸件，在铸件上设有两个凸块39,40，它们设计成用来被一对夹爪41,42夹持，夹爪在43和44处分别做成锯齿形，如图11所示。铸件30在每一个凸块的两侧具有安装面45，加工时安装面靠在夹爪41,42上做出补偿形部分上。
如图11所示，凸块39和40的截面具有和前面参照图3所描述的长圆形一样的形状。
在完成了所有其他加工工序以后，凸块39,40可以从铸件上加工掉。或者，如果空间允许，也可以将凸块保留在主动油缸铸件上。在某些情况下，可以利用一个或两个凸块将加工好的主动油缸安装在其汽车上的工作位置。
对于上述的车轮制动油缸，利用凸块39,40在加工时夹持主动油缸的优点在于，一种单一的凸块设计(它也很方便地和用于车轮制动油缸的凸块设计一样)可以用来夹持多种多样的主动油缸铸件，从而降低了加工不同致动器所需夹持爪的多样性。

Claims (10)

1．一种制造液压致动器(11)的方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
(a)提供一个基础致动器体的铸型(10)，该铸型限定一个从致动器体伸出的夹紧凸块(14)；
(b)在该铸型中铸造基础致动器体；
(c)将该基础致动器体从铸型中取出；
(d)通过用合作夹爪(21,22)夹住该凸块而将基础致动器体夹在一加工夹具中；以及
(e)用夹具夹住该致动器体对其进行加工。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在完成其他加工后将凸块(14)从致动器体(10)上去除的步骤。
3．如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述致动器体(30)铸造出两个轴向隔开从其伸出的凸块(39,40)，该致动器体靠该两凸块夹在夹具上而进行加工。
4．如权利要求1或3所述的方法，其特征在于，该基础致动器体(30)在该或每凸块(14；39,40)的两侧铸造出安装面(45)，所述安装面当加工致动器体时靠在夹爪(21,22；41,42)上。
5．一种用于权利要求1所述方法的基础致动器体，其特征在于，所述致动器体(10)铸有至少一个从其伸出的夹持凸块(14)，从而该致动器体随后可在加工工序中夹持在加工夹具上。
6．如权利要求5所述的致动器体，其特征在于，所述夹持凸块(14)基本上为具有一双相对直线侧边(17,18)的长圆形。
7．如权利要求5所述的致动器体，其特征在于，所述夹持凸块(14)的总长度(L)在15至25毫米之间。
8．如权利要求5所述的致动器体，其特征在于，所述夹持凸块(14)的总宽度(W)在10至14毫米之间。
9．如权利要求5所述的致动器体，其特征在于，所述夹持凸块(14)从铸件(10)其余部分伸出的距离在10至25毫米之间。
10．如权利要求5所述的致动器体，其特征在于，在该或每个夹持凸块(14；39,40)的两侧设有安装面(45)，加工致动器体时所述安装面靠在所述夹爪(21,22；41,42)上。
CN94190057A 1993-02-17 1994-02-16 液压致动器的制造方法及用于该方法的基础致动器 Expired - Fee Related CN1046019C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939303113A GB9303113D0 (en) 1993-02-17 1993-02-17 Wheel cylinders and a method of manufacture thereof
GB9303113.6 1993-02-17
GB939312730A GB9312730D0 (en) 1993-06-19 1993-06-19 Method of manufacturing hydraulic actuators
GB9312730.6 1993-06-19

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CN1102286A CN1102286A (zh) 1995-05-03
CN1046019C true CN1046019C (zh) 1999-10-27

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EP (1) EP0636219B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH07506418A (zh)
KR (1) KR950701048A (zh)
CN (1) CN1046019C (zh)
BR (1) BR9404119A (zh)
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JPH07506418A (ja) 1995-07-13
DE69404398T2 (de) 1998-02-12
US5604969A (en) 1997-02-25
DE69404398D1 (de) 1997-09-04
EP0636219B1 (en) 1997-07-23
KR950701048A (ko) 1995-02-20
EP0636219A1 (en) 1995-02-01
BR9404119A (pt) 1999-06-15
CN1102286A (zh) 1995-05-03
WO1994019618A1 (en) 1994-09-01

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