CN104600333A - PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂 - Google Patents

PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂 Download PDF

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CN104600333A
CN104600333A CN201510018217.XA CN201510018217A CN104600333A CN 104600333 A CN104600333 A CN 104600333A CN 201510018217 A CN201510018217 A CN 201510018217A CN 104600333 A CN104600333 A CN 104600333A
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鞠剑峰
吴东辉
石玉军
章琴
苏广均
华平
李建华
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂及制备方法,产品由TiO2纳米线与PdMo纳米合金组成。本发明以高比表面的TiO2纳米线为载体与PdMo纳米合金复合形成多元催化剂。PdMo复合提高TiO2的导电性及对TiO2的协同作用提高TiO2对甲醇的催化氧化性能,同时,甲醇氧化产生的CO等中间产物被吸附、转移到复合催化剂表面,并被直接深度氧化为最终产物CO2,因此可提高催化剂的抗CO毒化能力,由于PdMo的价格远低于Pt、Ru等贵金属,且在催化剂中其用量较小,因而可以大大降低直接甲醇燃料电池中催化剂的成本,提高直接甲醇燃料电池的性能。

Description

PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂
本申请是申请号:201310087407.8、申请日:2013-03-19、名称“PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂及制备方法”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
直接甲醇燃料电池(Direct Methanol Fuel Cell, DMFC)具有能耗少、能量密度高、甲醇来源丰富、价格便宜、系统简单、运行便捷和噪声低等优点,被认为是未来汽车动力和其它交通工具最有希望的化学电源,引起人们的广泛关注。DMFC最关键的材料之一是电极催化剂,它直接影响电池的性能、稳定性、使用寿命及制造成本。贵金属Pt在低温条件下(小于80℃)具有优异的催化性能,目前DMFC的电极催化剂均以Pt为主要成分,其中PtRu催化剂比纯Pt具有更强的抗CO中毒性能和更高的催化活性,被认为是目前DMFC最佳的催化剂,但是由于其价格昂贵、Ru易溶等缺陷,在DMFC中的利用率还达不到商业化的要求。人们进行了大量研究制备多元复合催化剂以提高其催化活性,提高抗CO毒化能力。如有报道制备了PtRuTiOX/C 和Au/TiO2PtRu催化剂,TiO2复合可以减少催化剂中贵金属Pt的用量,提高催化性能和抗CO毒化能力,具有应用前景,以TiO2纳米线为载体制备直接甲醇燃料电池非铂阳极催化剂还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可降低催化剂成本,提高其催化活性和抗CO毒化能力的PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂及制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是:
一种PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂,其特征是:所述的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂由TiO2纳米线与PdMo纳米合金组成;TiO2纳米线的含量为95~99 %, PdMo纳米合金的含量之和为5~1%,上述含量为质量百分比,PdMo的摩尔比nPd:nMo为3:7、1:1或7:3。
所述的PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的制备方法,其特征是:包括下列步骤:
1)TiO2纳米线的制备:采用溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法:将计算量的钛酸丁酯溶于无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加无水乙醇、冰醋酸和去离子水的混合物,水解形成溶胶后继续搅拌,待形成凝胶后静置2-3天,80 ℃真空干燥8-10 小时后得到的粉末研磨后在马弗炉中400-600 ℃空气焙烧3 小时,制得TiO2纳米粉末;制备溶胶时钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、冰醋酸、去离子水的用量摩尔比为:n钛酸丁酯:n无水乙醇:n冰醋酸:n去离子水=1:20~40:1~2.5:2~6;将制得的TiO2纳米粉末加入高压反应釜中,加入10 mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌,加热到180-220℃,反应48 小时,离心分离,用稀盐酸和去离子水洗涤6-8次至滤出液呈中性,60℃烘干后,马弗炉中400-600℃空气焙烧3小时得TiO2纳米线;
2)将TiO2纳米线载体按10-20毫克/毫升的比例加入到乙二醇中,超声分散均匀,得到TiO2纳米线分散液;
3) 将PdCl2溶解到乙二醇中,形成10-20毫克Pd/毫升的PdCl2/乙二醇溶液;
4)将MoCl5溶解到乙二醇中,形成10-20毫克Mo/毫升的MoCl5/乙二醇溶液;
5)按最后合成的催化剂WPdMo=1 %~5%,摩尔比nPd:nMo=3:7、1:1或7:3的比例量取PdCl2/乙二醇溶液和MoCl5/乙二醇溶液,滴加到TiO2纳米线分散液中,超声分散均匀;
6)将NaOH溶解到乙二醇中,配制成NaOH浓度为2mol/L的NaOH乙二醇溶液;
7)将配制的NaOH乙二醇溶液滴加到步骤5)得到的分散液中,调节pH值为9,超声分散均匀;
8) 将步骤7)得到的分散液转入高压反应釜,160 ℃反应5 小时;
9) 反应完毕后过滤,去离子水洗涤至滤出液中无氯离子,80℃真空干燥,制得PdMo/TiO2纳米线催化剂。
本发明以高比表面的TiO2纳米线为载体与PdMo纳米合金复合形成多元催化剂。PdMo复合提高TiO2的导电性及对TiO2的协同作用提高TiO2对甲醇的催化氧化性能,同时,甲醇氧化产生的CO等中间产物被吸附、转移到复合催化剂表面,并被直接深度氧化为最终产物CO2,由于PdMo的价格远低于Pt、Ru等贵金属,且在催化剂中其用量较小,因此可以大大降低催化剂的成本,提高催化剂的抗CO毒化能力。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)TiO2纳米线的制备:采用溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法。将计算量的钛酸丁酯溶于一定量的无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加无水乙醇、冰醋酸和去离子水的混合物,水解形成溶胶后继续搅拌,待形成凝胶后静置2-3天,80 ℃真空干燥8-10 小时后得到的粉末研磨后在马弗炉中400-600 ℃空气焙烧3小时,制得TiO2纳米粉末。制备溶胶时钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、冰醋酸、去离子水的用量摩尔比为:n钛酸丁酯:n无水乙醇:n冰醋酸:n去离子水=1:20~40:1~2.5:2~6。将制得的TiO2纳米粉末加入高压反应釜中,加入10 mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌,加热到180-220℃,反应48 小时,离心分离,用稀盐酸和去离子水洗涤6-8次至滤出液呈中性,60℃烘干后,马弗炉中400-600℃空气焙烧3 小时得TiO2纳米线。
2)将TiO2纳米线载体按10-20毫克/毫升的比例加入到乙二醇中,超声分散均匀;
3) 将PdCl2溶解到乙二醇中,形成10-20毫克Pd/毫升的PdCl2/乙二醇溶液;
4)将MoCl5溶解到乙二醇中,形成10-20毫克Mo/毫升的MoCl5/乙二醇溶液;
5)按最后合成的催化剂WPdMo=1 %,摩尔比nPd:nMo=7:3的比例量取PdCl2/乙二醇溶液和MoCl5/乙二醇溶液,滴加到TiO2纳米线分散液中,超声分散均匀;
6)将NaOH溶解到乙二醇中,配制成NaOH浓度为2mol/L的NaOH乙二醇溶液;
7)将配制的NaOH乙二醇溶液滴加到步骤5)得到的分散液中,调节pH值为9,超声分散均匀;
8) 将步骤7)得到的分散液转入高压反应釜,160 ℃反应5 小时;
9) 反应完毕后过滤,去离子水洗涤至滤出液中无氯离子,80℃真空干燥,制得PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂。
实施例2:
步骤(5)中按最后合成的催化剂WPdMo=3 %,摩尔比nPd:nMo=1:1,其余同实施例1。
实施例3:
步骤(5)中按最后合成的催化剂WPdMo=5 %,摩尔比nPd:nMo=3:7,其余同实施例1。

Claims (1)

1.一种PdMo/TiO2纳米线直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂,其特征是:所述的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂由TiO2纳米线与PdMo纳米合金组成;TiO2纳米线的含量为95~99 %, PdMo纳米合金的含量之和为5~1%,上述含量为质量百分比,PdMo的摩尔比nPd:nMo为3:7、1:1或7:3;其制备方法包括下列步骤:
1)TiO2纳米线的制备:采用溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法:将计算量的钛酸丁酯溶于无水乙醇,搅拌下滴加无水乙醇、冰醋酸和去离子水的混合物,水解形成溶胶后继续搅拌,待形成凝胶后静置2-3天,80 ℃真空干燥8-10 小时后得到的粉末研磨后在马弗炉中400-600 ℃空气焙烧3 小时,制得TiO2纳米粉末;制备溶胶时钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、冰醋酸、去离子水的用量摩尔比为:n钛酸丁酯:n无水乙醇:n冰醋酸:n去离子水=1:20~40:1~2.5:2~6;将制得的TiO2纳米粉末加入高压反应釜中,加入10 mol/L的NaOH溶液,搅拌,加热到180-220℃,反应48 小时,离心分离,用稀盐酸和去离子水洗涤6-8次至滤出液呈中性,60℃烘干后,马弗炉中400-600℃空气焙烧3小时得TiO2纳米线;
2)将TiO2纳米线载体按10-20毫克/毫升的比例加入到乙二醇中,超声分散均匀,得到TiO2纳米线分散液;
3) 将PdCl2溶解到乙二醇中,形成10-20毫克Pd/毫升的PdCl2/乙二醇溶液;
4)将MoCl5溶解到乙二醇中,形成10-20毫克Mo/毫升的MoCl5/乙二醇溶液;
5)按最后合成的催化剂WPdMo=1%~5%,摩尔比nPd:nMo=3:7、1:1或7:3的比例量取PdCl2/乙二醇溶液和MoCl5/乙二醇溶液,滴加到TiO2纳米线分散液中,超声分散均匀;
6)将NaOH溶解到乙二醇中,配制成NaOH浓度为2mol/L的NaOH乙二醇溶液;
7)将配制的NaOH乙二醇溶液滴加到步骤5)得到的分散液中,调节pH值为9,超声分散均匀;
8) 将步骤7)得到的分散液转入高压反应釜,160 ℃反应5 小时;
9) 反应完毕后过滤,去离子水洗涤至滤出液中无氯离子,80℃真空干燥,制得PdMo/TiO2纳米线催化剂。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112103521A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2020-12-18 辽宁科技大学 应用于甲醇燃料电池阳极的核壳结构PtxMoy@TiO2催化剂及其制造方法

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