CN104597005B - 一种检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在水溶液中快速、方便地检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法。本发明利用了硫化镉量子点优异的光学性质,将量子点作为信号元件,同时巯基乙酸甲酯作为脂肪酶的底物,其水解产物巯基乙酸可以作为硫化镉量子点的稳定剂。发展出一种具有成本低、操作简单、方便快捷等特点的荧光酶活检测分析法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物分析化学领域,具体涉及一种使用硫化镉量子点作为信号元件,巯基乙酸甲酯作为脂肪酶的底物的一种化学荧光分析方法。
背景技术
脂肪酶(lipase,EC 3.1.1.3)又叫甘油酯水解酶,是一类能催化水解以及合成长链脂肪酸酯的酶,还可以催化酯化、醇解、转酯化及酯类的逆向合成反应,具有水解外消旋化合物和肽键合成的能力。脂肪酶现已广泛应用于食品、化工、医药合成,以及纺织工业等诸多领域,是三大常用酶制剂之一。随着脂肪酶的应用领域和市场规模的逐步扩大,简单、快捷的脂肪酶活检测也显得更加迫切。
由于脂肪酶的催化机理和绝大多数酶有所不同,其它酶都是水溶性的酶,脂肪酶一方面自身溶解度不高,另一方面其催化反应发生在油水的界面上,是一种界面反应酶。现有的技术对脂肪酶活性的测定方法主要有对硝基苯酚(p-NPP)法和恒电位滴定法。使用的底物主要有三油酸甘油酯、三丁酸甘油酯和橄榄油等。但这些底物存在制备麻烦,需要加入乳化剂乳化,但是加入的乳化剂会影响酶活的测定。 p-NPP此色法虽然操作简单,但是p-NPP试剂价格昂贵,且易发生自水解,对脂肪酶的检测而言造成很大的干扰。
半导体量子点(quantum dots)又称为半导体纳米晶(semiconductornanocrystals),是一种由II-VI族和III-V族元素组成的纳米颗粒,其粒子直径可小到2至10纳米,这相当于10到50个原子直径的尺寸。近年来,量子点作为一种新型的纳米材料,相对于传统的有机荧光染料,量子点具有以下优点:1).较大的斯托克斯位移,峰型优美;2).荧光产率高且稳定性好;3).量子点激发光谱宽,且连续分布;4).量子点的发射波长可通过改变粒径的大小调节等优势,在材料科学、临床医学、生命科学等领域均获得广泛的应用。
基于量子点对酶活的检测很少有文献报道,现有技术未公开以硫化镉量子点作为信号元件对脂肪酶的活性进行检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于硫化镉量用于简单、廉价的脂肪酶活检测方法。此方法首次将量子点荧光法与脂肪酶活检测相结合。
为实现发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
(1)采用巯基乙酸甲酯作为脂肪酶的底物,Tris-HCl缓冲溶液调节底物溶液的pH值;
(2)得到脂肪酶酶活的动力学曲线:向步骤(1)中调节好pH的反应液中加入不同浓度的脂肪酶溶液,混匀,调节反应温度,反应一段时间后,用移液枪移取适当体积的脂肪酶水解液,向其中依次加入硫化钠和氯化镉溶液,混匀后在激发波长为350nm,发射波长范围为400-620nm,最大发射波长为470nm处直接测定其荧光强度;根据水解时间的不同,以荧光强度的大小为纵坐标,反应时间为横坐标,绘制脂肪酶酶活的动力学曲线。
(3)得到脂肪酶酶活检测标准曲线:将巯基乙酸甲酯溶液分别加入到不同浓度脂肪酶溶液中,在适宜的温度和pH条件下分别反应相同的时间后,用移液枪取出一定体积的反应液,向其中依次加入硫化钠和氯化镉溶液,混匀、测定其荧光强度。以荧光强度值作为纵坐标,脂肪酶的浓度作为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。
本发明所述的检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,步骤(1)所述的缓冲液为Tris-HCl缓冲溶液,该缓冲液的浓度及具体用量为本领域技术人员所理解和掌握,调节底物溶液的pH值为7.0-9.0,优选8.0。
本发明所述的检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,所述的步骤(2) 中,反应温度为20-50℃,优选40℃。
本发明所述的检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,所述的步骤(3) 中酶水解时间为5-30min,优选15min。
附图说明
图1(A)为巯基乙酸甲酯稳定的硫化镉量子点的透射电镜(TEM) 图;图(B)为2mg/mL脂肪酶水解液形成的硫化镉量子点的透射电镜(TEM)图。
图2为硫化镉量子点的紫外-可见光谱图。
图3为硫化镉量子点的荧光光谱图(激发波长Ex=350nm),其中a为巯基乙酸稳定的硫化镉量子点,b为巯基乙酸甲酯稳定的硫化镉量子点。
图4为加入不同浓度的脂肪酶(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0mg/mL)反应的酶活动力学曲线图。
图5a为脂肪酶的标准曲线;b为脂肪酶浓度与荧光强度呈线性部分。
具体实施方式
实施例1
脂肪酶酶活动力学曲线
配制25mmol/L的巯基乙酸甲酯、硫化钠和100mmol/L的氯化铬溶液,在750μL,0.1mol/L的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中加入50μL的巯基乙酸甲酯溶液,再分别加入不同浓度的脂肪酶溶液(0.5、1.0、1.5 以及2.0mg/mL),补充水使其最终体积为1mL,混匀,40℃水浴反应不同的时间,然后用移液枪分别移取180μL水解液,再分别加入 14μL的硫化钠和6μL的氯化镉溶液,混匀后,直接测定荧光强度 (激发波长:Ex=350nm,发射波长:Em=400-620nm,最大发射波长:470nm)测定荧光强度,以反应时间为横坐标,荧光强度为纵坐标,做酶活动力学曲线,结果如图4所示。可以看到,随着反应时间的增加,荧光强度会越来越大,表示巯基乙酸甲酯逐渐被水解,生成的巯基乙酸量越多,且相同的反应时间,脂肪酶的浓度越大,水解产生的巯基乙酸量也越多,荧光强度越大。
实施例2
脂肪酶酶活标准曲线的绘制
与实施例1相此,区别点仅在于:向巯基乙酸甲酯溶液中分别加入不同浓度脂肪酶溶液,15min后测定各自的荧光光谱;脂肪酶的浓度依次为:(a)0.2mg/mL;(b)0.4mg/mL;(c)0.6mg/mL;(d) 0.8mg/mL;(e)1.0mg/mL;(f)1.2mg/mL(g)1.4mg/mL;(h) 1.6mg/mL;(i)1.8mg/mL(j)2.0mg/mL;(k)2.5mg/mL;(1)3.0 mg/mL;(m)3.5mg/mL。以脂肪酶的浓度为横坐标,荧光强度为纵坐标,作图,即可绘制脂肪酶的标准曲线(如图5所示)。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
(1)采用巯基乙酸甲酯作为脂肪酶的底物,Tris-HCl缓冲溶液调节底物溶液的pH值;
(2)得到脂肪酶酶活的动力学曲线:向步骤(1)中调节好pH的反应液中加入不同浓度的脂肪酶溶液,混匀,调节反应温度,反应一段时间后,用移液枪移取适当体积的脂肪酶水解液,向其中依次加入硫化钠和氯化镉溶液,混匀后在激发波长为350nm,发射波长范围为400-620nm,最大发射波长为470nm处直接测定其荧光强度;根据水解时间的不同,以荧光强度的大小为纵坐标,反应时间为横坐标,绘制脂肪酶酶活的动力学曲线;
(3)得到脂肪酶酶活检测标准曲线:将巯基乙酸甲酯溶液分别加入到不同浓度脂肪酶溶液中,在适宜的温度和pH条件下分别反应相同的时间后,用移液枪取出一定体积的反应液,向其中依次加入硫化钠和氯化镉溶液,混匀、测定其荧光强度;以荧光强度的大小作为纵坐标,脂肪酶的浓度作为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中加入缓冲溶液将巯基乙酸甲酯的pH值调至8.0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的检测脂 肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,反应温度为20-50℃;加入的待测脂肪酶溶液的最终浓度为1.0mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,脂肪酶水解液中加入硫化钠和氯化镉的摩尔比为1∶5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的检测脂肪酶酶活的荧光分析法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,酶水解时间为15min。
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CN102384902A (zh) * | 2010-09-01 | 2012-03-21 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 基于量子点荧光检测的酶芯片及其制备方法和应用 |
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