CN104592437A - 通过聚合单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法 - Google Patents
通过聚合单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104592437A CN104592437A CN201510056125.0A CN201510056125A CN104592437A CN 104592437 A CN104592437 A CN 104592437A CN 201510056125 A CN201510056125 A CN 201510056125A CN 104592437 A CN104592437 A CN 104592437A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过聚合单体溶液微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法,其中该单体溶液包含至少两种引发剂,引发剂之一为除过硫酸盐以外的过氧化物,并且过氧化物与另一引发剂的摩尔比至少为1:8,涉及吸水性聚合物颗粒本身以及包含这些吸水性聚合物颗粒的卫生制品。
Description
本申请是申请号为200780027297.9、申请日为2007年7月12日、发明名称为“通过聚合单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及一种通过聚合包含至少两种引发剂的单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法,涉及吸水性聚合物颗粒本身以及包含这些吸水性聚合物颗粒的卫生制品。
本发明的其他实施方案可以由权利要求书、说明书和实施例得知。不言而喻的是上述和下文要描述的本发明主题的特征不仅可以在每种情况下所述的组合使用,而且可以不背离本发明范围的其他组合使用。
吸水性聚合物颗粒的生产描述于专著“Modern SuperabsorbentPolymer Technology(现代超吸收性聚合物技术)”,F.L.Buchholz和A.T.Graham,Wiley-VCH,1998,第71-103页中。
作为吸收水溶液的产品,使用吸水性聚合物生产尿布、塞子、卫生巾和其他卫生制品,还有在市场园艺中的保水剂。
吸水性聚合物的性能可以通过交联度调节。随着交联度的升高,凝胶强度升高但吸收容量下降。这意味着离心保留容量(CRC)随着在负载下的吸收性(AUL)升高而降低(在非常高的交联度下,在负载下的吸收性也再次降低)。
为了改善工作特性,例如在尿布中的盐水导流率(SFC)和在负载下的吸收性(AUL),通常将吸水性聚合物颗粒后交联。这仅增加颗粒表面的交联度,结果可能至少部分消除了在负载下的吸收性(AUL)和离心保留容量(CRC)间的相互影响。该后交联可以在含水凝胶相中进行。然而,优选用后交联剂表面涂敷磨碎和筛分的基础聚合物颗粒,热后交联并干燥。适合该目的的交联剂是包含至少两个可以与亲水性聚合物的羧酸酯基团形成共价键的基团的化合物。
通过喷雾聚合,可以将聚合和干燥的工艺步骤结合。此外,可以通过合适的工艺控制在一定限度内调节粒度。
通过聚合单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒例如描述于EP-A-0348180、WO-A-96/40427、US-5,269,980、DE-A-10314466、DE-A-10340253和DE-A-102004024437中。
本发明的目的是提供一种生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的改进方法。
该目的由一种通过聚合单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法实现,该溶液包含:
a)至少一种水溶性烯属不饱和单体,
b)需要的话,交联剂,
c)至少一种引发剂,
d)至少一种另外的引发剂,和
e)水,
其中引发剂c)为除过硫酸盐以外的过氧化物且引发剂c)与引发剂d)的摩尔比至少为1:8,
单体a)为水溶性的,即在23℃的水中溶解度通常为至少1g/100g水,优选至少5g/100g水,更优选至少25g/100g水,最优选至少50g/100g水,且优选各自具有至少一个酸基。
单体a)在单体溶液中的浓度通常为2-80重量%,优选5-70重量%,更优选10-60重量%。
合适的单体a)例如为烯属不饱和羧酸如丙烯酸或其衍生物,如丙烯酰胺。特别优选丙烯酸。
单体a)的酸基通常被部分中和,优选中和度为25-85mol%,进一步优选50-80mol%,更优选60-75mol%,为此可以使用常规中和剂,优选碱金属氢氧化物、碱金属氧化物、碱金属碳酸盐或碱金属碳酸氢盐及其混合物。代替碱金属盐,还可以使用铵盐。特别优选的碱金属是钠和钾,但非常特别优选氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠或其混合物。通常而言,中和通过以水溶液、熔体或优选固体混入中和剂而实现。例如,氢氧化钠可以水含量显著低于50重量%且熔点高于23℃的蜡状物质存在。此时,可以作为片状材料或熔体在高温下计量加入。
单体a),尤其是丙烯酸,优选包含至多0.025重量%氢醌单醚。优选的氢醌单醚是氢醌单甲醚(MEHQ)和/或生育酚。
生育酚应理解为指下式化合物:
其中R1为氢或甲基,R2为氢或甲基,R3为氢或甲基且R4为氢或具有1-20个碳原子的酰基。
对R4优选的基团为乙酰基、抗坏血酰基、琥珀酰基、烟酰基和其他生理上相容的羧酸。羧酸可以是单-、二-或三羧酸。
优选其中R1=R2=R3=甲基的α-生育酚,尤其是外消旋α-生育酚。R1更优选为氢或乙酰基。尤其优选RRR-α-生育酚。
单体溶液优选包含至多130重量ppm,更优选至多70重量ppm且优选至少10重量ppm,更优选至少30重量ppm,尤其约50重量ppm氢醌单醚,在每种情况下基于丙烯酸,丙烯酸盐也作为丙烯酸考虑。例如,单体溶液可以通过使用具有合适氢醌单醚含量的丙烯酸制备。
交联剂b)是可以通过自由基机理聚合到聚合物网络中的具有至少两个可自由基聚合基团的化合物。合适的交联剂b)例如为如EP-A-0530438所述的乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二甘醇二丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙基酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基胺、四烯丙氧基乙烷,如EP-A-0547847、EP-A-0559476、EP-A-0632068、WO-A-93/21237、WO-A-03/104299、WO-A-03/104300、WO-A-03/104301和DE-A-10331450所述的二-和三丙烯酸酯,如DE-A-10331456和参考号为10355401.7的在先德国申请所述的除了丙烯酸酯基团外包含其他烯属不饱和基团的混合丙烯酸酯,或例如如DE-A-19543368、DE-A-19646484、WO-A-90/15830和WO-A-02/32962所述的交联剂混合物。
合适的交联剂b)尤其是N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和N,N’-亚甲基双甲基丙烯酰胺,多元醇的不饱和单-或多羧酸酯如二丙烯酸酯或三丙烯酸酯,例如丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯或乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,还有三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和烯丙基化合物如(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙基酯、氰脲酸三烯丙基酯、马来酸二烯丙基酯、多烯丙基酯、四烯丙氧基乙烷、三烯丙基胺、四烯丙基乙二胺、磷酸和乙烯基膦酸衍生物的烯丙基酯,例如如EP-A-0343427所述。其他交联剂b)为季戊四醇二烯丙基醚、季戊四醇三烯丙基醚和季戊四醇四烯丙基醚,聚乙二醇二烯丙基醚、乙二醇二烯丙基醚、甘油二烯丙基醚和甘油三烯丙基醚,基于山梨糖醇的多烯丙基醚以及其乙氧基化变体。在本发明方法中,可以使用聚乙二醇的二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其中所用聚乙二醇的分子量为300-1000。
然而,特别有利的交联剂b)是3-15重乙氧基化甘油、3-15重乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷、3-15重乙氧基化三羟甲基乙烷的二-和三丙烯酸酯,尤其是2-6重乙氧基化甘油或2-6重乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷、3重丙氧基化甘油或3重丙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷以及3重混合乙氧基化或丙氧基化甘油或3重混合乙氧基化或丙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷、15重乙氧基话甘油或15重乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷和40重乙氧基化甘油、40重乙氧基化三羟甲基乙烷或40重乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷的二-和三丙烯酸酯。
非常特别优选的交联剂b)是已经用丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸酯化而得到二-或三丙烯酸酯的聚乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化甘油,例如如WO-A-03/104301所述。3-10重乙氧基化甘油的二-和/或三丙烯酸酯是特别有利的。非常特别优选1-5重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化甘油的二-或三丙烯酸酯。最优选3-5重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化甘油的三丙烯酸酯。这些的特征尤其在于在吸水性聚合物中的低残留含量(通常低于10ppm)并且如此生产的吸水性聚合物的含水提取物与在相同温度下的水相比具有几乎不变的表面张力(通常至少0.068N/m)。
基于单体a)使用优选小于0.5重量%,更优选小于0.3重量%,最优选小于0.15重量%的交联剂b)。
合适的引发剂c)为过氧化氢和有机过氧化物如乙酰丙酮过氧化物、甲基乙基酮过氧化物、叔丁基氢过氧化物、枯烯氢过氧化物、过新戊酸叔戊基酯、过新戊酸叔丁基酯、过新己酸叔丁基酯、过异丁酸叔丁基酯、过-2-乙基己酸叔丁基酯、过异壬酸叔丁基酯、过马来酸叔丁基酯、过苯甲酸叔丁基酯、过氧二碳酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、过氧二碳酸二环己基酯、过氧二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧二碳酸二肉豆蔻基酯、二乙酰基过氧二碳酸酯、烯丙基过酸酯、过氧新癸酸枯基酯、过-3,5,5-三甲基己酸叔丁基酯、乙酰基环己基磺酰基过氧化物、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二苯甲酰和过新癸酸叔戊基酯。
特别优选的引发剂c)是氢过氧化物如过氧化氢和叔丁基氢过氧化物。
为了使引发剂c)不过早分解(例如由痕量铁离子催化),有利的是将络合剂如乙二胺四乙酸的钠盐加入单体溶液中。络合剂在单体溶液中的浓度优选为0.005-0.5重量%,更优选0.01-0.1重量%,最优选0.03-0.05重量%。
所用引发剂d)可以是在聚合条件下分解成自由基的所有化合物,例如光引发剂、偶氮化合物和氧化还原引发剂。优选使用水溶性引发剂。
聚合优选通过高能辐射的作用引发,此时通常将光引发剂用作引发剂d)。有用的光引发剂例如包括α-分裂剂、H-夺取体系或叠氮化物。该类引发剂的实例是二苯甲酮衍生物如米蚩酮,菲衍生物,芴衍生物,蒽醌衍生物,噻吨酮衍生物,香豆素衍生物,苯偶姻醚及其衍生物,偶氮化合物如上述自由基形成剂,取代的六芳基二咪唑或酰基氧化膦,尤其是2-羟基-2-甲基苯基乙基甲酮(1173)。叠氮化物的实例是4-叠氮基肉桂酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基酯、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基4-叠氮基萘基酮、4-叠氮基苯甲酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基酯、5-叠氮基-1-萘基2’-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基砜、N-(4-磺酰基叠氮基苯基)马来酰亚胺、N-乙酰基-4-磺酰基叠氮基苯胺、4-磺酰基叠氮基苯胺、4-叠氮基苯胺、4-叠氮基苯甲酰甲基溴、对叠氮基苯甲酸、2,6-二(对叠氮基亚苄基)环己酮和2,6-二(对叠氮基亚苄基)-4-甲基环己酮。
特别优选的引发剂d)是偶氮化合物,实例是2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮二(2,4-二甲基戊腈)和2,2’-偶氮二(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈),尤其是水溶性偶氮化合物,实例是2,2’-偶氮二{2-[1-(2-羟基乙基)-2-咪唑啉-2-基]丙烷}二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐、2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐和2,2’-偶氮二[2-(5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐。非常特别优选2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐和2,2’-偶氮二[2-(5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐。
优选使用偶氮化合物和/或光引发剂作为引发剂d)。
引发剂以常规量使用,例如基于单体a)以0.001-5重量%,优选0.01-1重量%的量使用。
引发剂c)与引发剂d)的摩尔比优选至少为2:1,更优选至少1:1,最优选至少1:2。
对于最佳作用,优选的阻聚剂要求溶解氧。因此可以在聚合之前通过惰性化,即使惰性气体,优选氮气流过而从该单体溶液中除去溶解氧。该单体溶液的氧含量优选在聚合之前降至小于1重量ppm,更优选小于0.5重量ppm。
阻聚剂还可以通过吸收,例如在活性炭上吸收而除去。
为了在气相中聚合,可以将该单体溶液喷雾或微滴化。
在本发明方法中,可以使用一个或多个喷雾喷嘴。有用的喷嘴不受限制。待喷雾液体可以在加压下供入这些喷嘴中。待喷雾液体可以使得在达到一定最小速度后在喷嘴孔中减压的方式雾化。对本发明而言,还可以使用单一材料喷嘴,例如缝隙模头或旋流室(全锥喷嘴)(例如来自Düsen-Schlick GmbH,德国,或来自Spraying Systems DeutschlandGmbH,德国)。
按照本发明优选全锥喷嘴。其中优选喷雾锥的开孔角为60-180°的那些。特别优选开孔角为90-120°。喷雾过程中产生的平均微滴直径按照本发明通常小于1000μm,优选小于200μm,更优选小于100μm且通常大于10μm,优选大于20μm,更优选大于50μm,并且可以由常规方法如光散射测定,或基于可以由喷嘴制造商得到的特性确定。每个喷嘴的通过量合适地为0.1-10m3/h,通常为0.5-5m3/h。
喷雾过程中产生的微滴直径合适地为10-1000μm,优选10-500μm,更优选10-150μm,最优选10-45μm。
微滴化包括将单体溶液计量加入气相中形成微滴。单体溶液的微滴化例如可以借助微滴化板进行。
微滴化板为具有至少一个钻孔的板,其中液体由顶部进入钻孔。微滴化板或液体振动,从而在微滴化板下侧上的各钻孔处产生一串理想地单分散的微滴。
钻孔的数目和尺寸根据所需容量和微滴尺寸选择。微滴直径通常为钻孔直径的1.9倍。这里重要的是待微滴化液体不太快地通过钻孔且钻孔上的压降不太大。否则,液体不能微滴化,相反由于高动能而打碎(喷雾)液体射流。单体溶液通过钻孔的速度优选小于0.2m/s,更优选小于0.1m/s,最优选小于0.05m/s。钻孔上的压降优选小于1巴,更优选小于0.5巴,最优选小于0.3巴。
微滴化板通常具有至少一个钻孔,优选至少10个,更优选至少50个且通常至多10000个,优选至多5000个,更优选至多1000钻孔,钻孔通常均匀分布在微滴化板上,优选以所谓的三角形节距,即在每种情况下三个钻孔形成等边三角形的角。
将钻孔的直径调节到所需微滴尺寸。微滴的平均直径通常为至少100μm,优选至少150μm,更优选至少200μm且通常至多为2000μm,优选至多1200μm,更优选至多600μm。直径小于100μm的微滴比例优选为至少80重量%,更优选至少90重量%,最优选至少95重量%。
可能有利的是将微滴化板置于承载板上,该承载板同样具有钻孔。此时,承载板的钻孔具有的直径大于微滴化板的钻孔并且其钻孔的排列使得在微滴化板的各钻孔之下设置承载板的同心钻孔。该排列使得能够快速变更微滴化板,例如为了产生另一尺寸的微滴。由微滴化板和承载板组成的该系统在本发明范围内被认为是微滴化板,即微滴化板/承载板系统的下侧为该微滴化板的下侧。
然而,微滴化还可以借助气动牵引模头、旋转、射流切割或可快速激活的微阀模头进行。
在气动牵引模头中,液体射流与气流一起通过孔隔膜加速。气体速率可以用来影响液体射流的直径并因此影响微滴直径。
在通过旋转微滴化的情况下,该液体通过旋转盘的孔板。由于作用于液体上的离心力的结果,获得具有确定尺寸的微滴。旋转微滴化例如如DE-A 4308842和US 6338438所述。
还可以借助旋转刀片将排出的液体射流切割成确定的段。此时各段形成微滴。
在微阀喷嘴的情况下,直接产生具有确定液体体积的微滴。
与喷雾相比,优选微滴化,尤其当使用光引发剂时。
聚合优选以层状气体流动进行。层状气体流动是其中该流动的各层不混合而是平行移动的气体流动。流动状况的度量是雷诺数(Re)。在2300的临界雷诺数(Recrit)以下,气体流动为层状。层状气体流动的雷诺数优选小于2000,更优选小于1500,最优选小于1000。层状惰性气体流动的下限情况是静止惰性气体气氛(Re=0),即不连续供入惰性气体。
该反应优选在惰性载气存在下进行,惰性是指载气不能与单体溶液的成分反应。惰性载气优选氮气。惰性载气的氧含量有利地低于5体积%,优选低于2体积%,更优选低于1体积%。
惰性载气可以与单体溶液的自由下落微滴呈并流或逆流,优选并流通过反应空间。在一次通过之后,载气优选至少部分,优选以至少50%,更优选至少75%的程度作为循环气体再循环至反应室中。通常在每次通过之后排放一部分,优选至多10%,更优选至多3%,最优选至多1%的载气。
气体速度优选调节得使反应器中的流动定向,例如不存在与总体流动方向相对的对流,并且例如为0.1-2m/s,优选0.5-1.8m/s,更优选1-1.5m/s。
在热诱发聚合的情况下反应室中的温度优选为70-250℃,更优选100-200℃,最优选120-180℃。
适当地在反应器上游将载气预热至反应温度。
该反应可以在升高的压力下或在减压下进行;优选相对于环境压力为至多100毫巴的减压。
反应废气,即离开反应室的载气,例如可以在换热器中冷却。这冷凝出水和未转化单体a)。反应废气随后可以至少部分再加热并作为循环气体再循环到反应器中。一部分反应废气可以排出并用新鲜载气代替,此时可以除去存在于反应废气中的水和未转化单体a)并再循环。
特别优选热整合体系,即将废气冷却中的部分废热用于加热该循环气体。
反应器可以是轻微加热的(trace-heated)。此时,调节轻微加热以使器壁温度至少比反应器内部温度高5℃并且可靠地防止反应器壁上的冷凝。
反应产物可以常规方式从反应器中取出,优选借助输送螺杆在底部取出并且合适的话干燥到所需残留水分含量和所需残留单体含量。
在本发明方法中,将优选较慢的引发剂c)与优选更快速的引发剂d)结合。引发剂d)导致聚合快速开始并导致足够高的转化率。引发剂c)直到较晚时候才分解且通过接枝反应引起聚合物链交联。这些接枝反应优先在相界面处发生,从而得到具有高度交联涂层的聚合物颗粒。
可以按照本发明使用的引发剂c)在这些所需交联反应中比例如过硫酸盐更有效。此外,过硫酸盐与按照本发明特别优选的偶氮化合物形成微溶性沉淀,所述沉淀尤其在干燥状态下倾向于自发分解。
这意味着本发明方法能够生产结构化聚合物颗粒,它们迄今为止只能通过额外的后交联得到。
当然,聚合物颗粒可以随后附聚和/或后交联。
合适的附聚助剂水水和水溶混性有机溶剂如醇类、四氢呋喃和丙酮,并且额外可以使用水溶性聚合物。
合适的后交联剂是包含至少两个可以与水凝胶的羧酸酯基团形成共价键的基团的化合物。合适的化合物例如为EP-A-0083022、EP-A-0543303和EP-A-0937736中所述的烷氧基甲硅烷基化合物、聚氮丙啶、多胺、聚酰胺基胺、二-或聚缩水甘油基化合物,DE-C-3314019、DE-C-3523617和EP-A-0450922中所述的二-或多官能醇,或DE-A-10204938和US-6,239,230中所述的β-羟基烷基酰胺。
此外,作为合适的后交联剂,DE-A-4020780描述了环状碳酸酯,DE-A-19807502描述了2-唑烷酮及其衍生物如2-羟基乙基-2-唑烷酮,DE-A-19807992描述了二-和聚-2-唑烷酮,DE-A-19854573描述了2-氧代四氢-1,3-嗪及其衍生物,DE-A-19854574描述了N-酰基-2-唑烷酮,DE-A-10204937描述了环脲,DE-A-10334584描述了双环酰胺缩醛,EP-A-1199327描述了氧杂环丁烷和环脲,而WO-A-03/031482描述了吗啉-2,3-二酮及其衍生物。
本发明进一步提供了可以通过本发明方法得到的吸水性聚合物颗粒。
本发明还提供了尚未后交联且在4.83kPa负载下的吸收度为20-30g/g,优选至少22g/g,更优选至少24g/g,最优选至少26g/g的吸水性聚合物颗粒。在4.83kPa负载下的吸收度(AUL)按照EDANA(European Disposablesand Nonwovens Association)推荐的第442.2-02号测试方法“在加压下的吸收”测定。
本发明吸水性聚合物颗粒通常具有的离心保留容量(CRC)为22-45g/g,优选至少25g/g,更优选至少30g/g。离心保留容量(CRC)按照EDANA(European Disposables and Nonwovens Association)推荐的第441.2-02号测试方法“离心保留容量”测定。
本发明吸水性聚合物颗粒通常具有小于10重量%,优选小于8重量%,更优选小于6重量%的可提取物。可提取物按照EDANA(EuropeanDisposables and Nonwovens Association)推荐的第470.2-02号测试方法“可提取物”测定。
本发明吸水性聚合物颗粒通常具有小于10重量%,优选小于5重量%,更优选小于2重量%的水含量。水含量按照EDANA(European Disposablesand Nonwovens Association)推荐的第430.2-02号测试方法“水分含量”测定。
本发明进一步提供了生产卫生制品,尤其是尿布的方法,包括使用由上述方法生产的吸水性聚合物颗粒。
本发明进一步提供了本发明吸水性聚合物颗粒在卫生制品中的用途、增稠废料,尤其是医用废料的用途或在市场园艺中作为保水剂的用途。
本发明进一步提供了包含由30-100重量%,优选60-100重量%,进一步优选70-100重量%,更优选80-100重量%,最优选90-100重量%的本发明吸水性聚合物颗粒组成的吸收层的卫生制品,这当然不包括该吸收层的涂层。
为了测定后交联的优良程度,用下述测试方法测试干燥的吸水性聚合物颗粒。
方法:
除非另有指明,测量应在23±2℃的环境温度和50±10%的相对大气湿度下进行。吸水性聚合物在测量前彻底混合。
残留单体
吸水性聚合物颗粒的残留单体按照EDANA(European Disposablesand Nonwovens Association)推荐的第410.2-02号测试方法“残留单体”测定。
离心保留容量(CRC)
吸水性聚合物颗粒的离心保留容量按照EDANA(EuropeanDisposables and Nonwovens Association)推荐的第441.2-02号测试方法“离心保留容量”测定。
负载下的吸收性(AUL)
吸水性聚合物颗粒的负载下的吸收性按照EDANA(EuropeanDisposables and Nonwovens Association)推荐的第442.2-02号测试方法“在加压下的吸收性”测定。
可提取物
吸水性聚合物颗粒的可提取物分数按照EDANA(EuropeanDisposables and Nonwovens Association)推荐的第470.2-02号测试方法“可提取物”测定。
EDANA测试方法例如可以由the European Disposables andNonwovens Association(Avenue Eugène Plasky 157,B-1030Brussels,比利时)得到。
实施例
实施例1(对比)
将14.275kg丙烯酸钠(37.5重量%水溶液)和1.367kg丙烯酸与0.358kg水、22g 15重乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和80g EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸的钠盐的10重量%水溶液)混合。加入33g 2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]二盐酸盐(3重量%水溶液)之后,将该溶液微滴化到充有氮气气氛的预热的微滴化塔(180℃,高12m,宽2m,气体速度0.1m/s,并流)中。计量速度为16kg/h。微滴化板具有37个170μm的钻孔。微滴化板直径为65m。借助紧靠微滴化器上游的静态混合器将该引发剂与单体溶液混合。
吸水性聚合物颗粒具有下列性能:
实施例2
重复实施例1的程序。此外,计量加入55g过氧化氢(3重量%水溶液)。
吸水性聚合物颗粒具有下列性能:
实施例3
重复实施例1的程序。此外,计量加入110g过氧化氢(3重量%水溶液)。
吸水性聚合物颗粒具有下列性能:
Claims (10)
1.一种通过聚合单体溶液的微滴而生产吸水性聚合物颗粒的方法,所述单体溶液包含:
a)至少一种水溶性烯属不饱和单体,
b)需要的话,交联剂,
c)至少一种引发剂,
d)至少一种另外的引发剂,和
e)水,
其中引发剂c)为除过硫酸盐以外的过氧化物且引发剂c)与引发剂d)的摩尔比至少为1:8,且单体a)具有至少一个酸基并且单体a)的酸基已经至少部分中和,和
其中通过所述方法获得的吸水性聚合物颗粒尚未后交联且在4.83kPa的压力下每g吸收至少20g 0.9重量%盐水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述单体溶液基于单体a)包含小于0.5重量%的交联剂b)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中引发剂c)为氢过氧化物。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述另外的引发剂d)为偶氮化合物和/或光引发剂和/或氧化还原引发剂。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的方法,其中引发剂c)与另外的引发剂d)的摩尔比为至少1:1。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的方法,其中微滴的平均直径为至少200μm。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中至少90重量%的微滴具有至少100μm的直径。
8.一种通过权利要求1-7中任一项的方法得到的吸水性聚合物颗粒。
9.一种通过权利要求1-7中任一项的方法获得的吸水性聚合物颗粒,其尚未后交联且在4.83kPa的压力下每g吸收至少20g 0.9重量%盐水溶液。
10.一种卫生制品,包含根据权利要求8或9的吸水性聚合物颗粒。
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ATE535548T1 (de) | 2007-01-16 | 2011-12-15 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerpartikeln durch polymerisation von flüssigkeitstropfen in einer gasphase |
WO2008095892A1 (de) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-14 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserabsorbierender polymerpartikel durch polymerisation von tropfen einer monomerlösung |
JP5719078B1 (ja) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-05-13 | 住友精化株式会社 | 吸水性樹脂の製造方法 |
KR102500281B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-12 | 2023-02-15 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법 |
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