CN104584879A - Cultivation method of auricularia polytricha - Google Patents
Cultivation method of auricularia polytricha Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584879A CN104584879A CN201510085901.XA CN201510085901A CN104584879A CN 104584879 A CN104584879 A CN 104584879A CN 201510085901 A CN201510085901 A CN 201510085901A CN 104584879 A CN104584879 A CN 104584879A
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- auricularia polytricha
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of auricularia polytricha. The method is a technology for applying lentinus edodes stem root to cultivation of auricularia polytricha. Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method of auricularia polytricha has the advantages that a lentinus edodes stem root soaking material and the cultivation raw material are mixed, stacked and fermented, the beneficial microorganism reproduction is accelerated, the microbial community in the material is improved, and the catalytic decomposition of the cultivation material is accelerated; the fermented cultivation material comprise high-activity beneficial bacteria and active metabolite of the high-activity beneficial bacteria, the acceleration effect on the growth of auricularia polytricha hyphae is achieved, the hyphae has the characteristics of strong growth and high in hybrid bacteria resistance; after the second batch of auricularia polytricha and the third batch of auricularia polytricha are harvested, a good effect of re-strengthening the hyphae by using the lentinus edodes stem root leaching liquid is achieved, an acceleration effect on the formation of auricularia polytricha base and the growth of the auricularia polytricha is achieved, and the third batch of auricularia polytricha and the fourth batch of auricularia polytricha are high in biotransformation efficiency; the resources such as labor and carbon are economized; the pollution to the environment is reduced; the low-carbon environmental protection concept can be met.
Description
Technical field
A kind of Uricularia polytricha cultivation method of the present invention, is mushroom tang is applied to the technology in Uricularia polytricha cultivation, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Uricularia polytricha quality is tender and crisp, and containing higher carbohydrate, protein, multivitamin and each seed amino acid, nutritious, delicious flavour, is called as " umbrella of jellyfish on tree ".
The traditional cultivation method of Uricularia polytricha is cured material bag-cultured, and planting material carries out inoculated and cultured after high pressure or normal-pressure sterilization, and the contour molecular organic material of the cellulose now in material is degraded, miscellaneous bacteria in material is also killed, therefore, when planting material sends out bacterium, mycelial growth is fast, and living contaminants is few.But along with the significantly rise of the price of labour power and fuel price, grog cultivation cost increases severely, and high-temperature sterilization also causes the loss of planting material nutriment, causes planting material conversion ratio to reduce simultaneously.
Mushroom is famous and precious edible one of the medicinal fungus of holding concurrently in the world, and current China mushroom production accounts for 70% of world's mushroom gross yield, has the equal mushroom culture in the province of more than 70% in China.Because mushroom stems stiffness of foot in children, content of cellulose are higher, palatability is poor, and therefore, mushroom is being eaten raw or in process, the tang of mushroom can remove as offcuts by the producer, causes the mushroom tang accounting for mushroom weight about 30% to become discarded object.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention adds the immersion of mushroom tang and expects to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment, and do not add insecticide, bactericide during windrow, the planting material after fermentation is directly taped against ridge-up bed cultivation, and the Uricularia polytricha quality of producing is good, output is high.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Uricularia polytricha cultivation method, comprises batching, ferments, makes the bed, sows, hair bacterium, earthing, goes out syrinx and manage, concrete operation step:
(1) prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 76-84%, soya-bean cake 12-14%, mushroom tang 3-4%, lime 2-3%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls, soya-bean cake compound uniformly together with mushroom stems slag, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
(3) turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
(4) make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-1.0cm, thickness 1-1.5cm, carries out syrinx reason;
(5) go out syrinx reason: after the second damp ear, the 3rd damp ear are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4-6kg, with rejuvenation mycelia comprehensively; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
Mushroom tang is applied to the method for Uricularia polytricha cultivation by the present invention, and apart from outside explanation, other operating procedure is all undertaken by this area routine techniques.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
1. mushroom tang leachate is full-natural nutritive liquid, containing glucide, amino acid, peptide class, nucleic acid and trace element, bio-hormone also containing abundant species, also the bioactivator do not leached in a large number is had in mushroom stems slag, add and expect to mix and stir to carry out banking up with culturing raw material to ferment with the immersion of mushroom tang, promote beneficial microbe breeding, improve the microorganism species in material, accelerate the catalytic decomposition of planting material;
2. the planting material after fermentation has high activity beneficial bacterium and active metabolite thereof, has Promotive effect, show as prosperous, the anti-miscellaneous bacteria ability of mycelium growth vigor strong to the growth of Uricularia polytricha mycelia;
3., after the second damp ear, the 3rd damp ear are gathered, effective with mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, have facilitation to the formation of Uricularia polytricha ear base and the growth of auricle, the biological transformation ratio of third and fourth damp ear is high;
4. save the resource such as manpower, coal, decrease environmental pollution, meet low-carbon environment-friendly theory.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and what do not illustrate in detail in embodiment is all state of the art.
Embodiment 1: a kind of Uricularia polytricha cultivation method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 80%, soya-bean cake 13%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-1.0cm, thickness 1-1.5cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. go out syrinx reason: after having adopted the second damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 6kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, go out ear effective, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear reaches 98.7%, and total biological efficiency reaches 225.1%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of Uricularia polytricha cultivation method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 80%, soya-bean cake 13%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound together with mushroom stems slag uniformly, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-1.0cm, thickness 1-1.5cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. syrinx reason is gone out: after having adopted the second damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 4kg; After having adopted the second damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 6kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear has been 67.9%, and total biological efficiency is 194.3%.
Embodiment 3: a kind of Uricularia polytricha cultivation method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 80%, soya-bean cake 13%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-1.0cm, thickness 1-1.5cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. go out syrinx reason: after having adopted the second damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.02g/ml, every square metre is sprayed 6kg, and by mushroom tang leachate rejuvenation mycelia, go out ear effective, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear reaches 90.1%, and total biological efficiency reaches 206.4%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of Uricularia polytricha cultivation method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, concrete operation step:
1. prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 80%, soya-bean cake 13%, mushroom tang 3.5%, lime 2.5%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%;
2. ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then the leachate after removing slag is admixed uniformly in the cotton seed hulls through prewetting, soya-bean cake compound, stockpile is become high 1.2m-1.5m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
3. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3 times, time remaining 5d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
4. make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-1.0cm, thickness 1-1.5cm, carries out syrinx reason;
5. syrinx reason is gone out: after having adopted the second damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 4kg; After having adopted the 3rd damp ear, the clear water of every square metre of sprinkling 6kg, the biological efficiency of third and fourth damp ear has been 64.3%, and total biological efficiency is 180.6%.
table one Uricularia polytricha biological efficiency compares
As can be seen from Table I: the ferment effect utilizing mushroom tang leachate to add than single leachate together with the ferment effect that mushroom stems slag adds is good, and output is high; Leachate is good to the effect of rejuvenation of Uricularia polytricha mycelia, and third and fourth damp ear biological efficiency is high, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (1)
1. a Uricularia polytricha cultivation method, comprise batching, ferment, make the bed, sow, hair bacterium, earthing, go out syrinx reason, it is characterized in that:
(1) prepare burden: cotton seed hulls 76-84%, soya-bean cake 12-14%, mushroom tang 3-4%, lime 2-3%, gypsum 1%, be all the quality of dry matter, proportioning sum is 100%; Described mushroom tang is the offcuts in Lentnus edodes process, is ground into the particle of 2mm-3mm after drying;
(2) ferment: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by 20-30 weight ratio doubly, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, then leachate is admixed in cotton seed hulls, soya-bean cake compound uniformly together with mushroom stems slag, stockpile is become high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating often piled controls at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm again, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
(3) turning: after material temperature reaches 60 DEG C, keeps 24h, then carries out turning, and turning every day later once, add lime during first time turning, add gypsum during second time turning, altogether turning 3-4 time, time remaining 5d-6d, when stopping fermentation, the water content of planting material is 63%-65%;
(4) make the bed, sow, send out bacterium, earthing: the planting material fermented, after heat radiation, is directly taped against ridge-up bed sowing and sends out a bacterium, when mycelia sends out material full, covers the loam of grogs diameter 0.5-1.0cm, thickness 1-1.5cm, carries out syrinx reason;
(5) go out syrinx reason: after the second damp ear, the 3rd damp ear are gathered, depending on mycelial growth situation, spray the mushroom tang leachate of 0.01-0.02g/ml in ear bed, every square metre is sprayed 4-6kg comprehensively; The preparation method of described leachate is: mushroom tang particle is added clear water by the weight ratio of 20 times, soak 18h-24h at normal temperatures, filter and remove residue, then complement to the original water yield, obtain the mushroom tang leachate that concentration is 0.05g/ml, add clear water dilution and use.
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