CN104584751A - Fertilizing method based on nitrogen nutrition nondestructive detection of winter rapes - Google Patents
Fertilizing method based on nitrogen nutrition nondestructive detection of winter rapes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields of crop nutrition diagnosis and fertilization, and in particular relates to a fertilizing method based on nitrogen nutrition nondestructive detection of winter rapes. The fertilizing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: testing a SPAD value by selecting the key growing period and time of the rapes, determining the sensitive leaf position and leaf part subjected to the nitrogen nutrition detection, establishing a critical leaf SPAD value detection method, carrying out real-time nitrogenous fertilizer topdressing by virtue of obtained detection values, and the like. The fertilizing method disclosed by the invention can be used for evaluating and detecting the nitrogen nutrition sufficiency and deficiency level of the rapes relatively accurately; and compared with a conventional laboratory chemical analysis method, the method, as a nondestructive rape nitrogen nutrition status detection and fertilization method, is real-time and rapid.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to corps nutrient diagnosis and technical field of fertilizer application, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method of winter rape nitrogen nutrition Non-Destructive Testing.
Background technology
Nitrogen is one of indispensable element of crop growth and yield composition, and along with the continuous increase of China's nitrogen fertilizer amount, its relatively low plant recovery of nutrient creates many harmful effects to environment.Nitrogen nutrition quickly and accurately detect to coordinate crop nitrogen demand and soil nitrogen supply over time and space synchronous with mate, the nitrogen loss in reduction soil-crop system and to realize high crop yield efficiently significant.It is main that traditional nitrogen nutrition detects mainly with laboratory chemical analysis, the method needs the human and material resources of at substantial in the collection, mensuration and data analysis etc. of sample, and costly, instruct the problem that fertilising life period is delayed, be unfavorable for applying, therefore produce in the urgent need to convenient, harmless nitrogen nutrition detection technique.Chlorophyll meter (soil plant analysis development, be called for short SPAD, represent chlorophyllous relative amount) determine the relative populations of blade Determination of Chlorophyll by measuring the light-transmission coefficient of blade in 550 ~ 675nm wave-length coverage (or reflectance factor) and estimate crop nitrogen nutrition situation, crop leaf chlorophyll content and nitrogen content can be reflected fast, predict crop yield and be used to guide and topdress, have easy and simple to handle, fast, the advantages such as non-destructive, in recent years in cotton, wheat, the multiple kinds of crops such as corn and paddy rice is used widely.
Rape as a kind of important oil crop, the accurate detection of its Nitrogen Nutrition, to raising plant nitrogen nutrition regulation and nitrogenous fertilizer efficiency significant.Blade is as the main photosynthetic organs of rape, the height of the power of its photosynthetic capacity and Leaf N (N) element and chlorophyll content in close relations and because of rape growthdevelopmental stage, leaf position is different and produce larger difference, and finally to show with the form of " greenness " SPAD value.The present invention, by the change of various position leaves in test rape breeding time and blade different parts SPAD value, determines the best leaf position that rape nitrogen nutrition detects and site.By setting up rape grain yield in time of infertility effect curve, set up the winter rape nitrogen nutrition lossless detection method based on the critical SPAD value of critical value output, and then be applied to the applying fertilizers scientifically in method of rape.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcomings and deficiencies overcoming prior art existence, provide a kind of fertilizing method based on winter rape nitrogen nutrition Non-Destructive Testing, the present invention can't harm, fast detects and then carry out based on the nitrogen nutrition of responsive leaf position chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) of rape the method that applies fertilizers scientifically.Its feature comprises: select rape key developmental stages and time test blade SPAD value, determine the responsive leaf position that nitrogen nutrition detects and blade position, set up critical vane SPAD value detection method, utilize the detection numerical value obtained to carry out nitrogenous fertilizer to impose in real time, the present invention compared with accurate evaluation and can detect the rich scarce level of rape nitrogen nutrition, compared with traditional laboratory chemical analytical method, method of the present invention in real time, fast, is a kind of non-damaged data rape nitrogen nutrition situation and fertilizing method.
Particularly, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Based on a fertilizing method for winter rape nitrogen nutrition Non-Destructive Testing, comprise the following steps:
A, establishment rape nitrogen nutrition detect responsive leaf position and blade position
(1) measure the plantation of material: select that plant is tall and big, branch amount is many, cabbage type rape variety that angle fruit number many, ripe phases are moderate (such as " two low i.e. low erucic acid; low glucosinolate kind; but be that Ben Aming is not limited thereto) as the rape material of test; in the winter rape producing region in Yangtze River in China basin in late September sowing, nursery; late October (after planting about one month) transplanting, Transplanting Density is 7500 strain/667 square metre; Second Year gathers in the crops seed May;
(2) cabbage type rape blade SPAD value method of testing: respectively at cabbage type rape Wintering Period (about 6-10 sheet fully expanded leaves appears in plant), flower bud a kind of sedge phase and flowering stage, select fine 9:00-11:00 in the morning (such as BeiJing, China's time), choose the plant that 30 Zhu Yuzhe community cabbage type rape growing ways are consistent, employing chlorophyll meter (or be called for short SPAD instrument, the portable SPAD-502 type chlorophyll meter that such as Japanese Minolta (Minolta) company produces, but enforcement of the present invention is not limited thereto), survey it from top to bottom along stem and push up 1 leaf, push up 2 leaves, push up 3 leaves, push up 4 leaves, push up the SPAD value of 5 leaves and top 6 leaves.Simultaneously to above-mentioned each leaf position blade, from blade base, be divided into base portion, middle part and top according to length of blade every 1/3, test its SPAD value, in same community, measurement result is averaged;
(3) the responsive leaf position of Winter Cole-wort and blade position is determined: by analyzing rape stem various position leaves and blade different parts SPAD value and chlorophyll content, Leaf nitrogen concentration and total nitrogen content correlation, establish responsive leaf position and site.Determine and select the middle part of 4 fully expanded leaves in rapeseed plants stem top to be the best test leaf position and the site that chlorophyll meter detects rape nitrogen nutrition situation.
B, set up rape key developmental stages critical vane SPAD value and nitrogenous fertilizer imposes model in real time
(1) set up fertilizer efficiency equation, the N fertilizer effect total to rape different nitrogen amount applied in the time of infertility adopts quadratic equation with one unknown to carry out matching, and asks local derviation to this formula, draws maximum output and corresponding nitrogen fertilizer amount;
(2) obtain each key developmental stages critical vane SPAD value, using 90% of above-mentioned cabbage type rape maximum output as critical value output, according to " SPAD-output " linear relation function, determine cabbage type rape different growing critical vane SPAD value;
(3) build the model that topdresses, by setting up each breeding time " nitrogen fertilizer amount-SPAD " linear relation function, the nitrogenous fertilizer obtained based on responsive blade position SPAD value imposes model in real time;
(4) last, according to constructed nitrogenous fertilizer impose model and each breeding time critical SPAD value, calculate the cabbage type rape different growing SPAD value variation one lattice nitrogenous fertilizer amount of imposing in real time.When practical application, by test cabbage type rape each critical period responsive blade SPAD value, if measured value is higher than critical SPAD value, then do not need supplementary nitrogenous fertilizer; If measured value lower than critical SPAD value, is is then studied and judged and is needed supplementary nitrogenous fertilizer, namely provide nitrogenous fertilizer by fertilizing type.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, cost of the present invention is low, and efficiency is high.More traditional plant nitrogen Nutrition monitoring method (by field sampling, laboratory chemical analysis and test etc.) is compared, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) has with low cost, test fast and the advantage such as result is accurate, can greatly increase work efficiency.
2, the present invention is easy and simple to handle, is a kind of nondestructive crop nutrition diagnosis and detection method.Compared with the chemical analysis method of traditional experiment room, the present invention is easy to learn, does not have destructiveness to crops, does not affect normal plants and grows.
3, detection method of the present invention is accurate, easy to utilize.By measuring the light-transmission coefficient of blade between 550 ~ 675nm wavelength, this instrument determines that chlorophyll relative populations estimates crop nitrogen trophic level then, precision is higher, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: be that winter rape different growing blade SPAD value test position is with reference to figure.
Embodiment
The nitrogen nutrition detection of embodiment 1 winter rape and nitrogenous fertilizer impose model construction in real time
The citing of following Fig. 1 only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, but is not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Representative recommended variety such as cabbage type rape recommended variety " two low " kind " Hua-you-za No.9 " in production is selected detection method of the present invention and implementation step to be described for example (enforcement of the present invention is not limited to this kind).
(1) in the winter rape region of the Yangtze river basin of China, in annual late September (the present embodiment is on September 27th, 2012) by cabbage type rape " Hua-you-za No.9 " planting seed in seedbed, transplanted November 6, plantation density is 7500 strain/667 square metre.Establish 5 N fertilization altogether, execute purity nitrogen 0,90,180,270 and 360kg/hm respectively
2, P pressed by phosphorus, potash fertilizer
2o
590kg/hm
2, K
2o 120kg/hm
2apply, additional boron fertilizer (borax decahydrate or commodity boron fertilizer) 15kg/hm
2.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizer kind are respectively urea (containing pure N46%), superphosphate (containing P
2o
512%), potassium chloride is (containing K
2o 60%) and borax decahydrate (containing B 10.7%), all make base manure disposable employed.Plot area is 20.0m
2(length × wide=10.0m × 2.0m), repeat for 3 times, random district group arranges.
(2) respectively at cabbage type rape six leaf phase (such as on January 23rd, 2013), ten leaf phases (on February 14th, 2013), flower bud a kind of sedge phase (on March 4th, 2013) and flowering stage (on March 11st, 2013) every morning 9:00-11:00 (BeiJing, China's time), the portable SPAD-502 type chlorophyll meter adopting Japanese Minolta company to produce, choose the cabbage type rape plant that 30 Zhu Yuzhe community cabbage type rape growing ways are consistent, survey it from top to bottom along stem and push up 1 leaf, push up 2 leaves, push up 3 leaves, push up 4 leaves, push up 5 leaves and top 6 leaf SPAD values.Simultaneously to above-mentioned each leaf position blade, be divided into base portion, middle part and top, survey its SPAD value from blade base according to length of blade every 1/3, in same community, measurement result averages (sampling method to set up is shown in Fig. 1).
On SPAD value test basis, from 30 cabbage type rape plant, choose 5 strains, win wherein above-mentioned each leaf position blade and also immediately fresh-keeping (being such as housed in the refrigerating chamber of 4 degree of refrigerators), get a half vane along master pulse, draw a design on blade with card punch, survey its chlorophyll content.Second half blade surveys its Leaf nitrogen content simultaneously, and calculates total nitrogen content.Analyze above-mentioned each leaf position and blade position SPAD value and chlorophyll content, Leaf nitrogen content and total nitrogen content correlation, choose good relationship and show stable (coefficient of variation is lower) detects rape nitrogen nutrition situation responsive leaf position as application SPAD instrument, namely pushing up in the middle part of 4 fully expanded leaves.
(3) according to yield data under maturing stage different Nitrogen Level, " nitrogen fertilizer amount-output " parabolic equation: y=-0.024x is built
2+ 12.138x+1418.120 (R
2=0.997
*), in formula: y is cabbage type rape grain yield; X is nitrogen fertilizer amount; R
2for the determination coefficient of both matchings; * represents that both reach pole significance level at fitting degree.Ask local derviation to this formula, obtaining the highest theoretical grain yield is 2952kg/hm
2, corresponding amount of nitrogen is 253kg/hm
2.
(4) with maximum output (2952kg/hm
2) 90% (2657kg/hm
2) as critical value output, build and push up 4 leaf central parts " SPAD-output " equation of linear regression above-mentioned each breeding time, and critical value output is substituted into this equation, try to achieve six leaf phases, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and florescence critical SPAD value and be respectively 43.4,49.5,50.0 and 54.6.
(5) different growing nitrogen fertilizer amount and top 4 leaf central part SPAD linear relation functions are built further.And suppose that measuring each breeding time that above-mentioned linear relation is obtained the front Nitrogen Level of SPAD value is called for short Nfer, the time of infertility, total amount of nitrogen was 253kg/hm
2, then each breeding time Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity formula 1 be:
In Nd=253-Nfer formula, Nd is Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity each breeding time, and Nfer is the front Nitrogen Level of each SPAD value test breeding time.
By above-mentioned each breeding time responsive leaf position SPAD value and Nfer between there is following linear regression relation formula 2 be:
In SPAD=aNfer+b formula, a is coefficient, and b is intercept, is constant; Nfer is the front Nitrogen Level of each SPAD value test breeding time.
Formula 2 is substituted into formula 1, obtains based on the diagnosis of SPAD value fertilizer recommendation models, the i.e. formula 3 under a same test conditions:
Nd＝253+b/a-SPAD/a
In above formula, Nd be under a same test conditions each breeding time Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity, 253 is total amount of nitrogen in rape time of infertility, and unit is kg/hm
2, a is SPAD and the regression coefficient of amount of nitrogen equation of linear regression each breeding time, and b is intercept.
(6) calculate each SPAD value variation one breeding time lattice fertilizing amount according to nitrogen fertilizer recommendation model, and carry out nitrogen fertilizer recommendation with this.Obtain the winter rape nitrogenous fertilizer each breeding time amount of the imposing (kg/hm in real time based on responsive leaf position critical SPAD value
2)=(critical vane SPAD value-each breeding time surveys SPAD value) × each SPAD value variation one breeding time lattice fertilizing amount.Under a same test conditions, cabbage type rape six leaf phase, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and SPAD value variation one in flowering stage lattice recommended fertilizer (kg/hm
2) be respectively 111,35,67 and 53.
Embodiment 2 utilizes responsive blade SPAD value to impose models applying in real time to winter rape nitrogen nutrition detection and nitrogenous fertilizer
For verifying further and applying the suitability of the present invention on winter rape nitrogen nutrition detects, based on above-mentioned result of study, identical rape variety is adopted to carry out field trial research in 2013-2014 in same proving ground.
(1) on September 27th, 2013 by cabbage type rape variety " Hua-you-za No.9 " planting seed in seedbed, October 30 transplant, plantation density is 7500 strain/667 square metre.Normal Nitrogen applications is established (to execute purity nitrogen 180kg/hm respectively
2) and nitrogenous fertilizer optimization process (namely total amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is indefinite, and the amount of imposing imposes model by 2012-2013 foundation based on responsive leaf position SPAD value nitrogenous fertilizer and recommends at every turn).Other condition is arranged with 2012-2013 test.
(2) the responsive blade SPAD test value of cabbage type rape different growing and the nitrogen fertilizer recommendation amount of imposing list in table 1:
Table 1 winter rape (cabbage type rape) SPAD test value and each breeding time nitrogenous fertilizer impose recommendation tables
(3) be checking winter rape (cabbage type rape) nitrogen nutrition detection model suitability, measure SPAD value according to the present invention and carry out model testing and fertilization recommendation test, result of study shows, more conventional Nitrogen applications is compared, recommend optimization Nitrogen applications cabbage type rape maturing stage Nitrogen Accumulation amount and grain yield all to improve a lot based on model of the present invention, amplification is average out to 65% and 19% respectively.
Table 2 imposes and conventional N application method Contrast on effect based on SPAD instrument nitrogen fertilizer recommendation
Embodiment 3 utilizes responsive blade SPAD value to detect winter rape nitrogen nutrition and traditional nitrogen nutrition detects work efficiency contrast
For probe into further the present invention compared to traditional experiment room chemical analysis method cabbage type rape nitrogen nutrition context of detection saving of labor, joint time, superiority in quick and result precision, adopt same rape variety to carry out field trial research in 2013-2014 in above-mentioned proving ground.
(1) on September 30th, 2013 by cabbage type rape variety " Hua-you-za No.9 " planting seed in seedbed, November 2 transplant, plantation density is 7500 strain/667 square metre.By purity nitrogen (in N), phosphorus (P
2o
5meter), potassium is (with K
2o counts) consumption is respectively 180,90 and 120kg/hm
2, additional commodity boron fertilizer 15kg/hm
2, all make base manure disposable employed.Plot area 50.0m
2(length × wide=25.0m × 2.0m), repeats for 3 times.Normal field management.
(2) respectively at cabbage type rape six leaf phase, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and flowering stage, traditional experiment room chemical analysis method and the inventive method comparative analysis is adopted to detect rape nitrogen nutritional status each breeding time (30 strain rape) respectively.Concrete analysis the results are shown in table 3:
The different Comparison between detecting methods of table 3 winter rape (cabbage type rape) Leaf Nitrogen situation
The above results shows, weighed by field sample collection, indoor oven dry with tradition, laboratory chemical analytical test Leaf nitrogen content estimates compared with rape nitrogen nutrition situation, the present invention can not only comparatively accurate evaluation rape nitrogen nutrition situation, there is higher stability (CV% is lower) simultaneously, and on average can improve work efficiency 8.4 times.
Leading reference
1. Pan Wei common vetch. application chlorophyll meter carries out Diagnosis of Cotton Nitrogen Nutrition [D]. Shihezi: Shihezi Univ, 2008.
2.Wu F B，Wu L H，Xu F H.Chlorophyll meter to predict nitrogen sidedress requirements for short-season cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J].Field Crops Research，1998，56：309-314.
3. bend and defend group, Wang Shaohua, mass troops woods, etc. cotton stem leaf SPAD value and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis research [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007,33 (6): 1010-1017.
4.Lopez-Bellido R J，Shepherd C E，Barraclough P B.Predicting post-anthesis N requirements of bread wheat with a Minolta SPAD meters[J].European Jouranl of Agronomy，2004，20：313-320.
5. Li Ying snow, Xu Defu, Xie Xiaojin, etc. wheat leaf blade SPAD spatial distribution and the relation [J] with nitrogen nutritional status thereof. Chinese agriculture is meteorological, and 2009,30 (2): 164-168.
6. Li Zhi is grand, Zhang Yungui, Liu Hongbin, etc. the application of chlorophyll meter in summer corn Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis [J]. plant nutrition and fertilizer journal, 2005,11 (6): 764-768.
7. Li Gang China, Ding Yanfeng, Xue Lihong, etc. utilize the progress [J] that the nitrogen nutrition of chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) Diagnosis Rice and recommendation are topdressed. plant nutrition and fertilizer journal, 2005,11 (3): 412-416.
8. Li Lan great waves, Liu Bo, Lu Jianwei, etc. [J] is selected in the spatial and temporal distributions of winter rape blade SPAD and the leaf position of nitrogen diagnosis. Chinese oil crop journal, 2014,36 (1): 76-83.
9.Cassman K G,Gines G C,Dizon M A,et al.Nitrogen-use efficiency in tropical lowland rice systems:contributions from indigenous and applied nitrogen[J].Field crops research,1996,47:1-12.
Claims (2)
1. based on a fertilizing method for cabbage type rape nitrogen nutrition Non-Destructive Testing, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the responsive leaf position that the cabbage type rape nitrogen nutrition establishing winter rape district detects and blade position
1) " two low " cabbage type rape that plant is tall and big, branch amount is many, angle fruit number many, ripe phases are moderate is selected to be detected object, in winter rape producing region, the Yangtze river basin in late September sowing, nursery, within after planting one month, transplant seedling, planting density is 7500 strain/667 square metre, and Second Year gathers in the crops cabbage type rape seed May;
2) respectively at the Wintering Period of cabbage type rape, namely plant there is 6-10 sheet fully expanded leaves, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and flowering stage, select 9:00-11:00 in fine morning, choose the plant that 30 Zhu Yu community rape growing ways are consistent, adopt portable chlorophyll meter, survey it from top to bottom along stem and push up 1 leaf, push up 2 leaves, push up 3 leaves, push up 4 leaves, push up chlorophyll relative content and the SPAD value of 5 leaves and top 6 leaves, simultaneously to above-mentioned each leaf position blade, base portion is divided into according to length of blade every 1/3 from blade base, middle part and top, survey its SPAD value, in same community, measurement result is averaged, to determine rape leaf SPAD value test key developmental stages and testing time,
3) by analyzing rape stem various position leaves and blade different parts SPAD value and chlorophyll content, Leaf nitrogen concentration and total nitrogen content correlation, be responsive leaf position and the site that portable chlorophyll meter tests nitrogen nutritional status in the middle part of the fully expanded leaves of selection 4, plant stem top.
(2) nitrogenous fertilizer setting up cabbage type rape key developmental stages critical vane SPAD value imposes model in real time
1) according to yield data under maturing stage different Nitrogen Level, " nitrogen fertilizer amount-output " parabolic equation: y=-0.024x is built
2+ 12.138x+1418.120, R
2=0.997
*, in formula: y is cabbage type rape grain yield, x is nitrogen fertilizer amount, R
2for the determination coefficient of both matchings, * * represents that both reach pole significance level at fitting degree; Ask local derviation to this formula, obtaining the highest theoretical grain yield is 2952kg/hm
2, corresponding amount of nitrogen is 253kg/hm
2;
2) with maximum output 2952kg/hm
290% as critical value output, build and push up 4 leaf central parts " SPAD-output " equation of linear regression above-mentioned each breeding time, and critical value output is substituted into this equation, try to achieve six leaf phases, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and flowering stage critical SPAD value be respectively 43.4,49.5,50.0 and 54.6;
3) build further different growing nitrogen fertilizer amount and top 4 leaf central part SPAD linear relation functions, and suppose that each breeding time that above-mentioned linear relation is obtained measures SPAD value front Nitrogen Level abbreviation Nfer, the time of infertility, total amount of nitrogen was 253kg/hm
2, then each breeding time Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity formula 1 be:
In Nd=253-Nfer formula, Nd is Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity each breeding time, and Nfer is the front Nitrogen Level of each SPAD value test breeding time;
By above-mentioned each breeding time responsive leaf position SPAD value and Nfer between there is following linear regression relation formula 2 be:
In SPAD=aNfer+b formula, a is coefficient, and b is intercept, is constant; Nfer is the front Nitrogen Level of each SPAD value test breeding time;
Formula 2 is substituted into formula 1, obtains based on the diagnosis of SPAD value fertilizer recommendation models, the i.e. formula 3 under a same test conditions:
Nd＝253+b/a-SPAD/a
In above formula, Nd be under a same test conditions each breeding time Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity, 253 is total amount of nitrogen in rape time of infertility, and unit is kg/hm
2, a is SPAD and the regression coefficient of amount of nitrogen equation of linear regression each breeding time, and b is intercept;
4) calculate each SPAD value variation one breeding time lattice fertilizing amount according to nitrogen fertilizer recommendation model, and carry out nitrogen fertilizer recommendation with this, obtain the winter rape nitrogenous fertilizer each breeding time amount of imposing in real time based on responsive leaf position critical SPAD value, with kg/hm
2=(critical vane SPAD value-each breeding time surveys SPAD value) × each SPAD value variation one breeding time lattice fertilizing amount, under a same test conditions, cabbage type rape six leaf phase, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and florescence SPAD value variation one lattice recommended fertilizer kg/hm
2be respectively 111,35,67 and 53;
5) model is imposed according to described nitrogenous fertilizer, to the real-time Nitrogen Top Dressing of the cabbage type rape in winter rape district.
2. the application of fertilizing method in cabbage type rape cultivation of cabbage type rape nitrogen nutrition Non-Destructive Testing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the responsive leaf position that the cabbage type rape nitrogen nutrition establishing winter rape district detects and blade position
1) " two low " cabbage type rape that plant is tall and big, branch amount is many, angle fruit number many, ripe phases are moderate is selected to be detected object, in winter rape producing region, the Yangtze river basin in late September sowing, nursery, within after planting one month, transplant seedling, planting density is 7500 strain/667 square metre, and Second Year gathers in the crops cabbage type rape seed May;
2) respectively at the Wintering Period of cabbage type rape, namely plant there is 6-10 sheet fully expanded leaves, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and flowering stage, select 9:00-11:00 in fine morning, choose the plant that 30 Zhu Yu community rape growing ways are consistent, adopt portable chlorophyll meter, survey it from top to bottom along stem and push up 1 leaf, push up 2 leaves, push up 3 leaves, push up 4 leaves, push up chlorophyll relative content and the SPAD value of 5 leaves and top 6 leaves, simultaneously to above-mentioned each leaf position blade, base portion is divided into according to length of blade every 1/3 from blade base, middle part and top, survey its SPAD value, in same community, measurement result is averaged, to determine rape leaf SPAD value test key developmental stages and testing time,
3) by analyzing rape stem various position leaves and blade different parts SPAD value and chlorophyll content, Leaf nitrogen concentration and total nitrogen content correlation, be responsive leaf position and the site that portable chlorophyll meter tests nitrogen nutritional status in the middle part of the fully expanded leaves of selection 4, plant stem top.
(2) nitrogenous fertilizer setting up cabbage type rape key developmental stages critical vane SPAD value imposes model in real time
1) according to yield data under maturing stage different Nitrogen Level, " nitrogen fertilizer amount-output " parabolic equation: y=-0.024x is built
2+ 12.138x+1418.120, R
2=0.997
*, in formula: y is cabbage type rape grain yield, x is nitrogen fertilizer amount, R
2for the determination coefficient of both matchings, * * represents that both reach pole significance level at fitting degree; Ask local derviation to this formula, obtaining the highest theoretical grain yield is 2952kg/hm
2, corresponding amount of nitrogen is 253kg/hm
2;
2) with maximum output 2952kg/hm
290% as critical value output, build and push up 4 leaf central parts " SPAD-output " equation of linear regression above-mentioned each breeding time, and critical value output is substituted into this equation, try to achieve six leaf phases, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and flowering stage critical SPAD value be respectively 43.4,49.5,50.0 and 54.6;
3) build further different growing nitrogen fertilizer amount and top 4 leaf central part SPAD linear relation functions, and suppose that each breeding time that above-mentioned linear relation is obtained measures SPAD value front Nitrogen Level abbreviation Nfer, the time of infertility, total amount of nitrogen was 253kg/hm
2, then each breeding time Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity formula 1 be:
In Nd=253-Nfer formula, Nd is Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity each breeding time, and Nfer is the front Nitrogen Level of each SPAD value test breeding time;
By above-mentioned each breeding time responsive leaf position SPAD value and Nfer between there is following linear regression relation formula 2 be:
In SPAD=aNfer+b formula, a is coefficient, and b is intercept, is constant; Nfer is the front Nitrogen Level of each SPAD value test breeding time;
Formula 2 is substituted into formula 1, obtains based on the diagnosis of SPAD value fertilizer recommendation models, the i.e. formula 3 under a same test conditions:
Nd＝253+b/a-SPAD/a
In above formula, Nd be under a same test conditions each breeding time Nitrogenous Fertilizer Quantity, 253 is total amount of nitrogen in rape time of infertility, and unit is kg/hm
2, a is SPAD and the regression coefficient of amount of nitrogen equation of linear regression each breeding time, and b is intercept;
4) calculate each SPAD value variation one breeding time lattice fertilizing amount according to nitrogen fertilizer recommendation model, and carry out nitrogen fertilizer recommendation with this, obtain the winter rape nitrogenous fertilizer each breeding time amount of imposing in real time based on responsive leaf position critical SPAD value, with kg/hm
2=(critical vane SPAD value-each breeding time surveys SPAD value) × each SPAD value variation one breeding time lattice fertilizing amount, under a same test conditions, cabbage type rape six leaf phase, ten leaf phases, flower bud a kind of sedge phase and florescence SPAD value variation one lattice recommended fertilizer kg/hm
2be respectively 111,35,67 and 53;
5) model is imposed according to described nitrogenous fertilizer, to the real-time Nitrogen Top Dressing of the cabbage type rape in winter rape district.
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| CN106717425A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of method that nitrogen fertilizer recommendation is carried out to crop using the relative SPAD values of plant leaf |
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| CN108401634A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-17 | 扬州大学 | A kind of greenhouse fresh food Nitrogen In Tomato nutrient diagnosis and recommend N application method |
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| CN106717425B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-06-02 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Method for recommending nitrogen fertilizer to crops by using relative SPAD values of plant leaves |
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| CN108152228A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-12 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of method that biennial Radix Notoginseng leaf-nitrogen of Rapid identification is had more than needed |
| CN108401634B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2020-03-31 | 扬州大学 | Nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and recommended nitrogen application method for greenhouse fresh-eating tomatoes |
| CN108401634A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-17 | 扬州大学 | A kind of greenhouse fresh food Nitrogen In Tomato nutrient diagnosis and recommend N application method |
| CN109005833A (en) * | 2018-07-14 | 2018-12-18 | 广西师范学院 | A kind of quantitative fertilization method based on nutrient conversion efficiency |
| CN109392398A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-01 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of potato nitrogen fertilizer recommendation method that soil testing is combined with plant diagnosis |
| CN109328592A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of method of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in raising corn planting |
| CN112913611A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-08 | 内蒙古农业大学 | SPAD value-based sugar beet nitrogen nutrition diagnosis and topdressing decision method |
| CN113282642A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所(宁夏农产品质量监测中心) | System and method for diagnosing and adjusting crop plant nutrition balance based on Excel software |
| CN115176574A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-14 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Method for determining nitrogen application amount and nitrogen reduction effect of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer for rice in rice and shrimp co-cropping mode |
| CN116108318A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-05-12 | 华中农业大学 | Rape nitrogen fertilizer recommended dressing amount calculation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral image |
| CN116108318B (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-06-13 | 华中农业大学 | Rape nitrogen fertilizer recommended dressing amount calculation method based on unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral image |
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