CN104583557A - 单流扫气式二冲程发动机 - Google Patents

单流扫气式二冲程发动机 Download PDF

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CN104583557A
CN104583557A CN201380044971.XA CN201380044971A CN104583557A CN 104583557 A CN104583557 A CN 104583557A CN 201380044971 A CN201380044971 A CN 201380044971A CN 104583557 A CN104583557 A CN 104583557A
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cylinder
scavenging port
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CN104583557B (zh
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增田裕
山田敬之
广濑孝行
久下乔弘
山田刚
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Mitsui Yi Ai Si Di You Co ltd
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IHI Corp
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Abstract

本发明的单流扫气式二冲程发动机具备:汽缸(110),其在内部形成燃烧室;活塞,其在汽缸内滑动;扫气端口(122),其设置在汽缸中的活塞的冲程方向的一方的端部侧,根据活塞的滑动动作向燃烧室吸入活性气体;燃料喷射部(126),其比前述扫气端口的贯通方向的宽度的中心更向前述汽缸的外侧设置,向吸入前述扫气端口的活性气体喷射燃料气体。

Description

单流扫气式二冲程发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及单流扫气式二冲程发动机,其使向从扫气端口吸入的活性气体喷射燃料气体而形成的预混合气燃烧。
本申请基于2012年8月31日在日本申请的日本特愿2012-191122号而主张优先权,将其内容引用于此。
背景技术
作为船舶的装置使用的单流扫气式二冲程发动机(两冲程发动机),在汽缸中的活塞的冲程方向一端部设置有排气端口,在汽缸中的活塞的冲程方向另一端部侧设置有扫气端口。而且,如果在吸气(进气)行程中从扫气端口向燃烧室吸入活性气体,那么通过燃烧作用产生的排气由吸入的活性气体从排气端口压出从而排出。这时,向吸入的活性气体喷射燃料气体而形成预混合气,通过压缩形成的预混合气而获得燃烧作用,这种燃烧作用产生的爆炸压力导致活塞在汽缸内往复运动。
在这样的单流扫气式二冲程发动机中,在燃料气体和活性气体的混合不充分的情况下,燃料气体的浓度局部地变高,从而产生称为过早点火或未燃烧气体的排出的问题。因此,例如,如专利文献1所示,构思如下构成:通过在扫气端口内设置喷射燃料气体的喷嘴管,使活性气体在吸入汽缸内之前开始与燃料气体的混合,确保在汽缸内燃料气体和活性气体的混合时间。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第3908855号。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是,在上述的专利文献1的构成中,喷嘴管的开口配置于扫气端口的出口附近(汽缸的内侧),在扫气端口内燃料气体沿着在扫气端口的贯通方向上整流后的活性气体流而合流。因而,难以进行合流后的活性气体和燃料气体的混合。
本发明鉴于这种问题,目的在于提供能够使喷射的燃料气体有效地混合至活性气体的单流扫气式二冲程发动机。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明涉及的单流扫气式二冲程发动机具备:汽缸,其在内部形成燃烧室;活塞,其在前述汽缸内滑动;扫气端口,其设置于前述汽缸中的前述活塞的冲程方向的一方的端部侧,根据前述活塞的滑动动作将活性气体吸入前述燃烧室;燃料喷射部,其比前述扫气端口的贯通方向的宽度的中心更向前述汽缸的外侧设置,向吸入前述扫气端口的活性气体喷射燃料气体。
前述燃料喷射部也可为在形成前述扫气端口的前述汽缸的壁部开口的燃料喷射端口。
发明的效果
根据本发明的单流扫气式二冲程发动机,能够使喷射的燃料气体有效地混合至活性气体。
附图说明
图1是示出在第一实施方式中的单流扫气式二冲程发动机的整体构成的说明图。
图2A是扫气端口的外观图。
图2B是图2A的放大图。
图3是在扫气端口的内周壁的图2B中的III向视图。
图4A是示出在汽缸中设置燃料喷射部的位置的与活塞的冲程方向垂直的截面的图。
图4B是示出在汽缸中设置燃料喷射部的位置的与活塞的冲程方向垂直的截面的放大图。
图5是示出各个控制部的动作的说明图。
图6A示出在第二实施方式中的单流扫气式二冲程发动机的汽缸中与图4A对应的位置的截面图。
图6B示出在第二实施方式中的单流扫气式二冲程发动机的汽缸中与图4B对应的位置的截面图。
符号说明
100  单流扫气式二冲程发动机
110  汽缸
112  活塞
118  排气阀驱动装置
120  排气阀
122  扫气端口
126、226  燃料喷射部。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图详细地说明本发明的优选实施方式。涉及的实施方式所示的尺寸、材料、其它具体的数值等仅仅是为了使本发明的理解容易的示例,除非特别说明的情况下,不限制本发明。而且,在本说明书和附图中,关于具有实质上相同的功能、构成的要素,通过标注相同的符号而省略重复说明,而且,与本发明无直接关系的要素省略图示。
(第一实施方式)
图1是示出第一实施方式中的单流扫气式二冲程发动机100的整体构成的说明图。本实施方式的单流扫气式二冲程发动机100使用于例如船舶等。具体而言,单流扫气式二冲程发动机100含有如下部件而构成:汽缸110(汽缸头110a、汽缸体110b)、活塞112、先导喷射阀114、排气端口116、喷射阀驱动装置118、排气阀120、扫气端口122、扫气室124、燃料喷射部126、旋转编码器130、燃烧室140,通过调节器(调速器)150、燃料喷射控制部152、排气控制部154等控制部来控制。
在单流扫气式二冲程发动机100中,通过称为吸气(进气)、压缩、燃烧、排气的4个连续的行程,连接于未图示的十字头的活塞112在汽缸110内滑动自如地往复移动。在这种十字头型的活塞112中,能够使在汽缸110内的冲程比较长地形成,可使十字头承受作用于活塞112的侧压,因而能够谋求单流扫气式二冲程发动机100的高输出化。此外,由于汽缸110和十字头与配合入的未图示的曲柄室隔离,因而即使在使用劣质燃料油的情况下也能够防止污损恶化。
先导喷射阀114设置于汽缸110的冲程方向一端部、比活塞112的上死点更上方的汽缸头110a中,在发动机循环中的希望的时机喷射适量的燃料油。该燃料油通过由汽缸头110a、汽缸体110b中的汽缸衬套、活塞112围绕的燃烧室140的热而自然点火,在很短的时间内燃烧,使燃烧室140的温度变得极高,因而能够在期望的时机可靠地燃烧含有燃料气体的预混合气。
排气端口116是在汽缸110中的活塞112的冲程方向的一端侧即比活塞112的上死点更上方的汽缸头110a的顶部设置的开口部,为了排出在汽缸110内产生的燃烧后的排气而开闭。排气阀驱动装置118在规定的时机使排气阀120上下滑动,从而开闭排气端口116。这样,借助排气端口116排出的排气在向例如未图示的增压器的涡轮侧供给后,向外部排出。
扫气端口122是在汽缸110中的活塞112的冲程方向的另一端(一方的端部)侧的从内周面(汽缸体110b的内周面)贯通至外周面的孔,遍及汽缸110的整周设置多个。而且,扫气端口122根据活塞112的滑动动作而向汽缸110内吸入活性气体。该活性气体含有:氧气、臭氧等氧化剂、或者它们的混合气(例如空气)。在扫气室124中,封入有通过未图示的增压器的压缩机加压的活性气体(例如空气),具有扫气室124与汽缸110内的压差而从扫气端口122吸入活性气体。虽然能够将扫气室124的压力设为基本一定,但是在扫气室124的压力变化的情况下,也可在扫气端口122上设置压力计,根据其测量值而控制燃料气体的喷射量等、其它的参数。
图2A和图2B是扫气端口122的外观图,在图2B中示出由图2A的虚线围绕的部分的放大图。如图2A和图2B所示,在扫气端口122中汽缸110的外周面110c侧形成有用于整流从扫气室124流入的活性气体流的锥形物122a。
燃料喷射部126由与未图示的燃料喷射阀连通的燃料喷射端口构成,设置于各个燃料端口122中,在形成扫气端口122的汽缸110的壁部中,在该锥形物122a中开口。即,燃料喷射部126具有在扫气端口122的锥形物122a中开口的开口部126a。
图3是扫气端口122的内周壁的图2B中的III向视图。在图3中,以虚线直线示出了在包含锥形物122a的扫气端口122的贯通方向(图3中,左右方向)的宽度上的中间位置。
如图3所示,燃料喷射部126的开口部126a比汽缸110中的扫气端口122的贯通方向的宽度的中心更向汽缸110的外周面110c侧(外侧)设置。
图4A和图4B示出在汽缸110中设置燃料喷射部126的位置的与活塞112的冲程方向垂直的截面。在图4B中示出由图4A的虚线围绕的部分的放大图。而且,在图4B中,箭头示出了活性气体流。
如上所述,未图示的燃料喷射阀连通至燃料喷射部126,前述燃料喷射阀接受来自燃料喷射控制部152的指令,喷射例如将LNG(液化天然气)气化后的燃料气体。燃料气体不限于LNG,也能够适用例如将LPG(液化石油气)、轻油、重油等气化的产物。
于是,燃料气体从燃料喷射部126朝向流通扫气端口122的活性气体喷出。
此时,如果燃料喷射部126的开口部126a的位置在扫气端口122中过于偏向汽缸110的壁部的内周面侧,那么在扫气端口122内燃料气体沿着在扫气端口122的贯通方向上整流后的活性气体流而合流。因而,难以进行合流后的活性气体和燃料气体的混合。
另外,流入扫气端口122的活性气体,尤其在扫气端口122的上流侧的边缘122b附近,容易成为涡流而流动紊乱。
在本实施方式中,在扫气端口122中活性气体所流入的部分喷射燃料气体。即,由于在扫气端口122的贯通方向的流的上流侧,向活性气体喷射燃料气体,因而通过在边缘122b附近的活性气体的涡流,促进了活性气体和燃料气体的混合。
而且,通过由在形成扫气端口122的汽缸110的壁部开口的燃料喷射端口构成燃料喷射部126,能够使燃料气体可靠地撞击流入扫气端口122的活性气体。
返回图1,旋转编码器130设置于未图示的曲柄机构上,检测曲柄的角度信号(下面,称为曲柄角度信号)。
调节器150根据从上位的控制装置输入的发动机输出指令值、和来自旋转编码器130的曲柄角度信号所得的发动机转速,导出燃料喷射量,输出至燃料喷射控制部152。
燃料喷射控制部152基于从调节器150输入的表示燃料喷射量的信息、和来自旋转编码器130的曲柄角度信号,控制燃料喷射阀。
排气控制部154基于来自燃料喷射控制部152的燃料喷射量的前述信号、和来自旋转编码器130的曲柄角度信号,向排气阀驱动装置118输出排气阀操作信号。
下面,说明在上述的单流扫气式二冲程发动机100的发动机循环中的各个控制部的动作。
图5是示出各个控制部的动作的说明图。如图5所示,在燃烧行程后的膨胀行程中,排气端口116和扫气端口122处于闭塞状态,在燃烧室140(汽缸110内)充满排气。
如果通过因燃烧室140的燃烧作用产生的爆炸压力而活塞112下降并接近下死点,那么排气控制部154通过排气阀驱动装置118而将排气阀120开阀,而且根据活塞112的滑动动作而扫气端口122开口(图5所示的t1)。于是,从扫气端口122吸入活性气体。
然后,燃料喷射控制部152基于从调节器150输入的表示燃料喷射量的信息、和通过来自旋转编码器130的曲柄角度信号导出的发动机转速等,将燃料喷射阀开阀,从燃料喷射部126向扫气端口122内喷射燃料气体。由此,向吸入扫气端口122的活性气体喷射燃料气体,在燃烧室140(汽缸110内)产生预混合气。
预混合气形成用于促进活性气体和燃料气体的混合的漩涡并上升,将燃烧室140(汽缸110内)的排气从排气端口116压出。
然后,在活塞112从下死点朝向上死点上升的压缩行程中,燃料喷射控制部152将燃料喷射阀闭阀,从燃料喷射部126向扫气端口122内的燃料气体的喷射停止。而且,扫气端口122闭口,活性气体的吸入停止。
此时,排气控制部154维持排气阀120为开阀状态,通过活塞112的上升,接着,燃烧室140(汽缸110内)的排气从排气端口116排出。
此后,如果活塞112进一步上升,那么排气控制部154将排气阀120闭阀而关闭排气端口116(图5所示的t2)。
这样,通过在燃烧室140中预混合气燃烧,如上述那样,重复排气、吸气、压缩、燃烧、膨胀行程。
(第二实施方式)
接着,说明第二实施方式中的燃料喷射部226。由于第二实施方式中与上述第一实施方式仅仅燃料喷射部226不同,因而,在此省略与上述第一实施方式相同的构成的说明,说明构成不同的燃料喷射部226。
图6A和图6B示出第二实施方式中的单流扫气式二冲程发动机的汽缸110中的与图4A和图4B对应的位置的截面图。在图6B中示出由图6A的虚线围绕的部分的放大图。而且,在图6B中,箭头示出了活性气体流。
如图6A所示,第二实施方式的燃料喷射部226在汽缸110的径向外方向上与汽缸110隔离,由围绕汽缸110的外周的环状的导管226a构成。
在前述导管226a中,如图6B所示,在分别与扫气端口122对置的位置处设置有连通导管226a的内部和外部的开口部226b。
燃料喷射部226(导管226a)与未图示的燃料喷射阀连通,如果燃料喷射阀打开,那么在导管226a的内部流通的燃料气体从开口部226b朝向扫气端口122喷出。
即,本实施方式的燃料喷射部226与第一实施方式的燃料喷射部126相同地,比汽缸110中的扫气端口122的贯通方向的宽度的中心更向汽缸110的外周面110c侧(外侧)设置。
而且,如图6B所示,由于在形成扫气端口122的汽缸110的壁部中,开口部226b朝向锥形物122a开口,因而前述燃料气体从燃料喷射部226朝向流通扫气端口122的活性气体喷射。
此时,由于在扫气端口122的贯通方向的流的上流侧,向活性气体喷射燃料气体,因而通过在扫气端口122的上流侧的边缘122b附近的活性气体的涡流,促进了活性气体和燃料气体的混合。
在上述实施方式中,虽然说明了在扫气端口122中,在汽缸110的外周面110c侧形成锥形物122a的情况,但是也可不形成锥形物122a。这种情况下,在第一实施方式中的燃料喷射部126设置为,在形成扫气端口122的汽缸110的壁部中,在未形成锥形物122a的部位,比汽缸110中的扫气端口122的贯通方向的宽度的中心更向汽缸110的外周面110c侧开口。
上面,参照附图并说明了本发明的优选实施方式,但是本发明不限于这样的实施方式。本领域技术人员的话,能够想到在权利要求书记载的范畴中进行各种变型或修改是显而易见的,关于这些当然也被认为属于本发明的技术范围。
产业上的可利用性
本发明提供一种单流扫气式二冲程发动机,其向从扫气端口吸入的活性气体喷射燃料气体,并向活性气体有效地混合喷射的燃料气体,使产生的预混合气燃烧。

Claims (2)

1. 一种单流扫气式二冲程发动机,具备:
汽缸,其在内部形成燃烧室;
活塞,其在所述汽缸内滑动;
扫气端口,其设置于所述汽缸中的所述活塞的冲程方向的一方的端部侧,根据所述活塞的滑动动作将活性气体吸入所述燃烧室;
燃料喷射部,其比所述扫气端口的贯通方向的宽度的中心更向所述汽缸的外侧设置,向吸入所述扫气端口的活性气体喷射燃料气体。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的单流扫气式二冲程发动机,其特征在于,所述燃料喷射部为在形成所述扫气端口的所述汽缸的壁部开口的燃料喷射端口。
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