CN104583376B - 用于将氧气引入加压流化床气化工艺的方法与设备 - Google Patents
用于将氧气引入加压流化床气化工艺的方法与设备 Download PDFInfo
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种氧气喷枪，具有彼此同轴配置的至少三个管，每个管至少限定一个环形间隙。最外层管被设计用于传导过热蒸汽，并且具有蒸汽馈送点，中间层管被设计为环形间隙，最内层管被设计用于传导温度最高为180℃的氧气，并且具有氧气馈送点。在最内层管的内部布置有温度探头，其接近到达最内层管的管口处。最内层管在其管口的上游以喷嘴状的方式逐渐变细；最内层管进入中间层管；以及中间层管的管口相对于最外层管的管口进一步突出。
Description
本发明涉及用于将氧气引入加压流化床气化工艺的方法与设备，其中加压流化床气化工艺典型地根据高温温克勒方法(HTW方法)被用在气化反应器中。
HTW方法长久以来即已是公知的并且是早经尝试和测试的技术，其中微粒和液体或糊状含碳燃料转化成合成气。使用的燃料是重燃料，具有非常高的灰分以及基于生物质的燃料和含碳废弃物。这些被引入流化床，该流化床被操作为鼓泡流化床，并且借助氧气、蒸汽和CO2进行气化。与其他气化方法相比，HTW方法在中等温度下工作，在该温度下产生的灰不会熔化。这特别是对于腐蚀性灰的情形有操作优点。
氧气的添加必须进行非常精准的测量，因为过量将导致过度燃烧，并且因而增加合成气中的CO2含量，而这是必须加以避免的。此外，过量还将导致在氧气入口点的周围产生灰烬颗粒的熔化，从而会发生流化床材料的结块，并且进一步将导致材料附着到氧气喷枪上。因此需要对氧气馈送的准确、快速和精细调节，因为燃料在压力下被部分地不连续地供给。这导致了氧气喷枪要特别满足严格要求，而该氧气喷枪通常被用于将所需的氧气引入流化床反应器中。
例如在作为现有技术的DE 34 39 404 C2和DE 44 07 651 C1中描述了相应的氧气喷枪。在这些现有技术中，可能结块的问题被如此解决，即在氧气的出口点，布置有添加的蒸汽，使得其形成笼罩新出氧气射流的蒸汽膜。在新出气体射流处同时产生的气流具有非常高的蒸汽含量，这防止了夹带的流化床颗粒的过热，并且因而显著降低了结块的趋向。
然而，该技术在压力为8-10bar时出现问题。在被添加到氧气喷枪之前，氧气通常已被预热。然而，出于安全目的，优选地加热不要超过180℃，因为在此情形中仪器部件特别是本领域常用的密封件将受到攻击。超过200℃，材料的使用存在法定许可限制。如果预热的氧气在180℃下被引入氧气喷枪，并且如果过热蒸汽被施加在包绕管中，冷凝物将在8-10bar的压力下在输氧管的蒸汽侧形成。这些冷凝物改变气体出口的流动状况，使得笼罩蒸汽膜不再围绕氧气喷枪形成。这导致氧气喷枪故障。
因此，本发明的目的是实现一种用于将氧气引入加压流化床气化工艺的方法与设备，其也适用于超过10bar的工作压力，并且具有高安全性和可用性。
上述目的是通过下述氧气喷枪实现的，该氧气喷枪具有彼此同轴配置的至少三个管，并且在每种情形中至少限定了环形间隙，
.最外层管被设计用于传导过热蒸汽，并且具有蒸汽馈送点，
.中间层管被设计为环形间隙，
.最内层管被设计用于传导温度最高为180℃的氧气，并且具有氧气馈送点，
.在最内层管的内部布置有温度探头，其接近到达最内层管的管口处，
.最内层管在其管口的上游以喷嘴状的方式逐渐变细，
.最内层管进入中间层管，以及
.中间层管的管口相对于最外层管的管口进一步突出。
在一个实施例中，中间层管可以被设计为在两侧均闭合的盲管，并且在此情形中前文使用的术语“管口”意在仅指最外层管的管口附近的管端部。在另一实施例中，中间层管在氧气喷枪的口侧是开口的。在另一实施例中，中间层管被设计用于传导干气，并且具有气体引入点。在此情形中，在另一实施例中，在进入中间层管的最内层管的管口上游，中间层管可以以喷嘴状的方式逐渐变细。
这里的干气与蒸汽发生技术领域相比是燃烧技术领域中常用的概念，其是指没有蒸汽组分的工业气体。作为对比，下文的湿气指的是还包含蒸汽组分的工业气体，尽管这不意味着形成了多相混合。过热蒸汽因此被认为是湿气，即使其是干的，即湿蒸气尚未产生。
上述目的还通过用于利用氧气喷枪将氧气引入流化床气化反应器的方法来实现，所述流化床气化反应器基于HTW方法操作，
.湿气在高于流化床气化反应器中压力的压力下被馈入最外层管，
.氧气在最高180℃的温度下以及在高于流化床气化反应器中压力的压力下被传导进入最内层管，
.从最外层管的管口出现的湿气作为包层流环绕中间层管的管口和新出的自由射流，新出湿气的流速被设置为高于最内层管的新出气体的流速。
在该方法的一个实施例中，干气可以以高于流化床气化反应器中压力的压力被引入中间层管，从而氧气和干气在中间层管管口的上游被混合。
在该方法的另一实施例中，湿气可以是过热蒸汽或过热蒸汽与二氧化碳的混合物。
在该方法的另一实施例中，干气可以是二氧化碳、氮气、或二氧化碳与空气的混合物、或二氧化碳与氮气的混合物。此外，在气化工艺期望的情况下，没有干气的操作也是可行的，湿气温度方面的有益效果得以保留。进入中间层管的干气的最低馈送温度自最外层管中使用的湿气的露点起，这在纯蒸汽的情形中对应于饱和蒸汽温度。
很明显本技术方案在经济上尤其有益，因为考虑到需要确保氧气喷枪在快速关闭期间的惰化可以使用用于二氧化碳的供应线路，并且将其他管插入氧气喷枪只需要很少支出。选择具有高比热容量的干气以及将热湿气与冷氧气额外隔离防止了承载蒸汽的最外层管中温度的可感知降低，并且因此防止了最外层管中蒸汽的凝结。
本发明在下文中结合两个附图进行了更为详细的说明：
图1简要示出了氧气喷枪的截面图，该氧气喷枪的口进入HTW气化反应器(未示出)的流化床中，以及
图2示出了用于氧气、二氧化碳和蒸汽的供应线路的线路图。
氧气1被导入最内层管2中，最内层管2中布置有温度测量设备3。温度达180摄氏度并且入口处的压力达近似28bar。确切的压力利用气量控制器来确定，该气量控制器向反应器馈送气化所需恰好的氧气量。230摄氏度的二氧化碳5被添加到中间层管4。压力近似29bar且温度为410摄氏度的过热蒸汽7被引入最外层管6。该蒸汽将二氧化碳加热至近似270摄氏度的温度，氧气也同样被轻微加热。由于本例中蒸汽的露点并未达到，蒸汽未凝结并且在最外层管的管口8处未形成液滴，从而环绕氧气喷枪的尖部可以形成均匀的蒸汽膜。
最内层管的氧气和中间层管的二氧化碳在混合点9处混合成一个气体流，馈送点已经位于HTW气化反应器中的流化床内部。混合物作为自由射流10被导入流化床，蒸汽膜在喷嘴尖部周围防止氧气形成漩涡，并且进而防止局部过热进而造成喷嘴尖部处的灰烬软化和结块。流化床反应器因此可以在28bar的压力下工作。
图2示出了氧气11、二氧化碳12和过热蒸汽13的供应线路以及最重要的关闭和调节阀门的线路图。在紧急情况下，二氧化碳可以经由清除阀门14被引入到氧气线路，以及经由调节阀门15被引入到蒸汽线路。作为规则，这两个阀门被关闭。作为所需氧气量的函数，调节阀门16用作氧气供应，调节阀门17用于调节二氧化碳的量，并且调节阀门18用于引入蒸汽。氧气11还可以经由氧气配送器19被配送到其他喷嘴级。
以下计算与设计示例具体说明了本发明：
·示例1中，最外层管通过蒸汽并且中间层管通过氮气。
·示例2中，最外层管通过蒸汽并且中间层管通过二氧化碳。
·示例3中，最外层管通过质量等比的二氧化碳和蒸汽构成的混合物，并且中间层管通过二氧化碳。
·示例4中，最外层管通过蒸汽并且中间层管无任何通流。
在所有示例中，最内层管通过氧气，内径近似等于25mm，并且厚度为11mm的热电偶被布置在内部。尺寸的所有指数均是从设计计算获得的近似指示。
在所有的实例中，在中间层管中绝不会达到最外层管的湿气的饱和蒸汽温度，并且因此不会发生冷凝。
本发明不限于所示的示例，并且进而在不同的负载条件或操作条件的情形中，可以以灵活的方式调节相应的通流以适应要求。
参考标号列表：
1氧气；2最内层管；3温度测量设备；4中间层管；5二氧化碳；6最外层管；7蒸汽；8最外层管的管口；9混合点；10自由射流；11氧气；12二氧化碳；13蒸汽；14清楚阀门；15调节阀门；16调节阀门；17调节阀门；18调节阀门；19氧气配送器。
Claims (14)
1.一种氧气喷枪，具有彼此同轴配置的至少三个管，并且每个管至少限定一个环形间隙，
.最外层管被设计用于传导湿气，并且具有湿气馈送点，
.中间层管被设计为环形间隙，
.最内层管被设计用于传导温度最高为180℃的氧气，并且具有氧气馈送点，
.在最内层管的内部布置有温度探头，其接近到达最内层管的管口处，
.最内层管在其管口的上游以喷嘴状的方式逐渐变细，
.最内层管进入中间层管，以及
.中间层管的管口相对于最外层管的管口进一步突出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧气喷枪，其特征在于，所述湿气是过热蒸汽，并且所述湿气馈送点是过热蒸汽馈送点。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧气喷枪，其特征在于，所述中间层管被设计为在氧气喷枪的口侧是开口的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氧气喷枪，其特征在于，所述中间层管被设计用于传导干气，并且具有气体引入点。
5.根据权利要求4所述的氧气喷枪，其特征在于，在进入所述中间层管的最内层管的管口上游，所述中间层管以喷嘴状的方式逐渐变细。
6.一种利用如权利要求1、3-5中任一权利要求所述的氧气喷枪将氧气引入流化床气化反应器的方法，其中所述流化床气化反应器基于HTW方法操作，
.湿气在高于流化床气化反应器中压力的压力下被馈入最外层管，
.氧气在最高180℃的温度下以及在高于流化床气化反应器中压力的压力下被传导进入最内层管，
.从最外层管的管口出现的湿气作为包层流环绕中间层管的管口和新出的自由射流，新出湿气的流速被设置为高于来自最内层管的新出气体的流速。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，
.所述中间层管通过干气，
.氧气和干气在所述中间层管的管口上游被混合，
.从最外层管的管口出现的湿气作为包层流环绕中间层管的管口和新出的自由射流，新出湿气的流速被设置为高于干气和氧气的新出混合物的流速。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述湿气是过热蒸汽。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述湿气是二氧化碳和过热蒸汽的混合物。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干气是二氧化碳。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干气是氮气。
12.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干气是二氧化碳和空气的混合物。
13.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干气是二氧化碳和氮气的混合物。
14.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干气在操作期间未被移动。
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| DE102012016086.0 | 2012-08-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2013/002369 WO2014026748A1 (de) | 2012-08-14 | 2013-08-08 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur eindüsung von sauerstoff in eine druckaufgeladene wirbelschichtvergasung |
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| CN107129833B (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2024-03-29 | 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 | 一种环形粉煤腔 |
| CN109382046B (zh) * | 2017-08-11 | 2021-03-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 固定流化床反应器进料系统 |
| DE102017219780A1 (de) | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-09 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum HTW-Vergasen von Einsatzstoffen mit Ringleitungs-Anordnung sowie Verwendung |
| CN112725037A (zh) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种气化炉和一种粉状物料气化方法 |
| CN112725036A (zh) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 混合物料进料方法、粉状物料气化方法和一种气化炉 |
| EP4026886B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 | 2023-10-11 | GIDARA Energy B.V. | Process for producing synthesis gas through thermochemical conversion of biomass and waste materials |
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| RU2015106191A (ru) | 2016-10-10 |
| US20150232770A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
| KR20150042276A (ko) | 2015-04-20 |
| EP2885381A1 (de) | 2015-06-24 |
| EP2885381B1 (de) | 2018-04-04 |
| KR102122621B1 (ko) | 2020-06-29 |
| CA2881697A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| CA2881697C (en) | 2020-04-14 |
| ZA201501614B (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| US9862900B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
| AU2013304361A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
| BR112015003048B1 (pt) | 2022-03-08 |
| CN104583376A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
| PL2885381T3 (pl) | 2018-10-31 |
| TR201809373T4 (tr) | 2018-07-23 |
| BR112015003048A2 (pt) | 2018-05-29 |
| RU2635631C2 (ru) | 2017-11-14 |
| CL2015000330A1 (es) | 2015-06-05 |
| DE102012016086A1 (de) | 2014-02-20 |
| IN2015DN01877A (zh) | 2015-08-07 |
| TW201422804A (zh) | 2014-06-16 |
| WO2014026748A1 (de) | 2014-02-20 |
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