CN104577258A - Method for adjusting temperature of battery - Google Patents
Method for adjusting temperature of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN104577258A CN104577258A CN201510043636.9A CN201510043636A CN104577258A CN 104577258 A CN104577258 A CN 104577258A CN 201510043636 A CN201510043636 A CN 201510043636A CN 104577258 A CN104577258 A CN 104577258A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the temperature of a battery, belongs to the field of power storage and aims at solving the problems that the service life is short, the thermal runaway easily occurs during charging, fast charging can not be achieved and overheating is caused in discharging when the temperature is high, and the capacity is low, the charging is easily damaged and slow and the balance among single batteries can not be achieved when the temperature is low. The battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and electrolyte; a temperature adjusting part is mechanically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode to carry out heat exchange so as to control electrochemical-reaction temperature of interfaces among the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte in a more in-time, high-efficiency and precise manner; the temperature adjusting part is electrically connected with a charger and the power is independently supplied by the charger; and the temperature adjusting part is a compressor refrigerating part, a semiconductor refrigerating and heating part or an electric heat tracing part. The method disclosed by the invention is used for lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, electric vehicles, mobile phones and notebook computers; the battery can be cooled in extremely-hot regions or seasons, so that the service life is prolonged, no overheating in discharging is caused, no thermal damage is caused in charging, and the charging is faster; the battery is heated in cold areas or seasons, so that the capacity and the endurance time are increased, and the power-lack damage is less; and high-temperature, low-temperature and fast-charging performances are greatly improved and the service lives among the single batteries are more balanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power storage field, be specifically related to a kind of battery temperature control method.
Background technology
Motor vehicle obtains user with the advantage such as laborsaving, economical, easy and welcomes in recent years, the vehicle that sales volume is large comprises electronic bicycle, motorcycle, tricycle, scooter, tour bus, sanitation cart, cruiser, golf cart, fork truck, car etc.---and it is battery as power source that motor vehicle is different from the maximum place of fuel combustion vehicle, and is key problem all the time; Battery used is generally divided into plumbic acid and the large class of lithium ion battery two; Although battery technology development, from requirement also some gap of height configuration electric automobile, expect to be broken through solution further.In addition, the equipment such as mobile phone, notebook computer also uses lithium ion battery in a large number.
For the battery on motor vehicle, battery defect in use comprises:
1., under high-temperature condition, the life-span of plumbic acid and lithium ion battery shortens all greatly.The test data of manganate lithium ion battery shows, when charge and discharge circulation life when ambient temperature is 60 DEG C is ring temperature 20 DEG C 38%, and 60 DEG C is motor vehicle or the typical working temperature of Notebook Battery core work intensification rear perimeter edge; The test data of lead-acid battery also shows, ring temperature often raises 8 DEG C of battery lifes and will reduce by half in general.
2. under high-temperature condition, during lead acid battery charge, percentage of water loss is high, easily overheated even produces thermal runaway, and dehydration is more, next more overheated, easier hot dehydration afterwards, thus forms vicious circle; After battery is overheated, mostly show as and the same increasing even bulging of deviation and the damage of organizing other battery, be ubiquitous in the situation of the use later stage minimum deviation of battery pack, the ratio of bulging is also very high, causes damage and scrappage to raise.
3. during lithium ion cell charging, battery is also easily overheated and form bulge and expand, and the easier detonation of its electrolyte, and therefore its is overheated just more dangerous; On notebook, mobile phone, the charging blast case of battery is of common occurrence.Even if do not break down and accident, each battery thermal effect and the inconsistent situation of discharge and recharge almost all occur in compatibility use in group, can say that the life-span equilibrium of battery is the biggest problem that lithium ion battery is applied in groups.
4. during lithium-ion electric tank discharge, when short circuit or load larger, easy thermal runaway and positive and negative electrode by barrier film short circuit, afterwards blast on fire, this kind of accident electric automobile and mobile phone industry also quite a lot of.
5. in addition, temperature also shows in quick charge for the impact of battery, and current battery technology of filling soon is all be based upon large current charge but to make battery produce high temperature and be formed battery on the basis of infringement; Can be described as and obtain charging rate but shorten battery life.
6., except high temperature, low temperature is also very large on the impact of battery.In cold district or the winter of China, the actual capacity of storage battery obviously reduces, and shows as can not fill electricity, can not put electricity, and motor vehicle mileages of continuation is short, this is because the activity of battery chemistry inside when low temperature reduces greatly.Data show, reduce about 30% when the capacity of lead acid accumulator when ring temperature-20 DEG C of ratios 25 DEG C reduces about 50% ,-10 DEG C.And available capacity reduction makes motor vehicle more easily frequent power shortage, and the lead sulfate when temperature reduces in battery is more easily separated out, that is easier sulfuration, and battery life more easily shortens; Even and if under low temperature charge, also more difficult devulcanization.
7. lithium ion battery, not only during low temperature, activity the same as lead-acid battery and capacity reduce, and easily there is charge fault, battery management system measures low temperature and does not just allow charging and report fault, vehicle even can not run, or causes forever inlaying of ion on pole plate when low temperature charges and form the damage being difficult to recover; It is different that this low temperature fault expires from charge and discharge circulation life, is to mean that battery can not be used again.
8., under low temperature condition, the charge and discharge circulation life of battery also shortens a lot.For manganate lithium ion battery, during ring temperature 0 DEG C charge and discharge circulation life to be ring temperature be 20 DEG C 87%, and 0 DEG C be equipment when winter makes outdoor-5 to-10 DEG C, the typical working temperature of battery electric discharge intensification rear perimeter edge in equipment.
9. under low temperature condition, the internal resistance of cell increases, and battery needs the charging interval more grown, and when user worries use, the electric energy that the short time is charged into is not enough, so charging is faster starved of under low temperature condition.
In above-mentioned defect, capacity, life-span, equilibrium, fault, to fill soon, all the key benefits that user pays close attention to undoubtedly, these situations user of inside battery is also ignorant, just fuel cell vehicle presents the degradation of power performance or can travel for vehicle without electricity, and such as winter, battery one filled namely full, but ran a little while, find soon to be short of power when going up a slope or raise speed, especially battery has arrived the second half section of life cycle management clearly.And experienced user knows " motor vehicle buy be exactly battery "; So these problems of battery and defect, solve well with bad, be directly connected to the enthusiasm that user buys.
Comprehensive above reason, in the second time motor vehicle upsurge being representative with China's electric bicycle, in the industry a lot of trial is done to the heating of battery, cooling and insulation, generally adopted the various method to battery compartment or heating of battery to attempt the ring temperature rise made arround battery; And add forced ventilation and strictly reserve the assemblage gap between battery cell, ensure that battery can be natural air cooled, but effect is unsatisfactory, in fact the former is not widely applied the method for heating, although the air-cooled method of the latter is widely used, but effect is extremely general, fundamentally do not solve the problem of battery heat radiation, but also demonstrate battery temperature control really needed for industry and user.And in new-energy automobile industry, some senior pure electric sedans, some more senior trials be have also been made to the overheat protection of lithium ion battery and heat radiation, cooling, core of lithium ion cell a large amount of in such as tesla's electric automobile just addition of with ethylene glycol be medium aluminum pipe heat radiation and thermal balance system, but valency is high, complicated, efficiency is also low, and be passive heat radiation and do not carry out active refrigeration, not there is the function of heating battery at low temperatures at present yet.
Last see on actual market again, the high and low temperature characteristic defective of various battery still limits motor vehicle promoting the use of in the world under various weather conditions greatly.If there is a kind of Method and Technology, breach these technological difficulties of battery temperature control, motor vehicle uses the ambient temperature level that can meet or exceed Shandong Province of China low-speed electronic automobile in various places, so the sales volume of motor vehicle has undoubtedly and increases several fold.But commercially, exhibition is not but seen yet make battery high and low temperature performance all very well, can fill sooner, more balanced high-level technical method, even external researcher also the non-degree of depth correct some wrong prejudice; Better Patents, paper and report is not had through a large amount of retrieval yet.Even not only in motor vehicle field, do not see better for battery carries out temperature controlled more advanced method in Notebook Battery, battery of mobile phone field yet.
Summary of the invention
Life-span short, easy thermal runaway of charging when the present invention is directed to prior art battery high-temperature, can not more quick charge, discharge superheat and low temperature time capacity low, charging damage, charging slow and monomer between unbalanced problem, provide and a set ofly can make battery high and low temperature and better and more balanced between the monomer temperature control method of rapid charging performance.
Basic technical scheme is: battery has positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte, is also provided with thermoregulation part, and its innovation is, described thermoregulation part is mechanically connected and heats or cool described positive and negative electrode.The present invention's first time, described positive and negative electrode not only utilized its good conductivity for transmitting electric current, and plays its good thermal conductivity for transferring heat using the passage of the described positive and negative electrode of described battery as heat trnasfer, and this is in the field of business is use first time.And its largest benefit directly goes to control the electrochemical reaction temperature on described positive and negative electrode and electrolyte interface by described positive and negative electrode, so control the most in time, the most efficient, and precision comparison is high, be a a progressive step by the method controlling described outside batteries battery compartment temperature than prior art, advantage clearly.The upper end of described positive and negative electrode is generally copper class material in actual applications, its conductivity and excellent heat conductivity; And described positive and negative electrode is also generally metal or the metallic compound of lead or lithium class in the part of described inside battery, thermal conductivity is also fine; In addition based on the needs of self electrochemical reaction of described battery, described positive and negative electrode has very large surface area at described inside battery, widely tight with the contact of described electrolyte, so described positive and negative electrode just can carry out efficient heat exchange with described electrolyte in moment, the temperature of participating in the described Thin Electrolyte Layer of reaction also follows change at once, directly affects electrochemical reaction.
Described battery is the disjunctor lead acid accumulator that lithium-ion battery monomer, lead acid accumulator monomer or described positive and negative electrode are drawn.During described battery disjunctor, described positive and negative electrode series connection between the monomer of described battery, but have any different with general disjunctor battery, positive and negative electrode described in it is not hidden in the shell of described battery, but be drawn out to outside described battery, carry out heat exchange to be connected with described thermoregulation part, even two adjacent described positive and negative electrodes can share a described thermoregulation part.Described positive and negative electrode lead to a condition of the invention process, especially be the condition of a need change for the lead-acid battery being connected into disjunctor, connect between monomer wall weldering position two electrodes must be drawn out to described outside batteries some, even cancel and connect wall weldering and directly draw described positive and negative electrode, the cost of increase is not a lot.For lithium ion battery, because the monomer of each described battery is natively independent, described positive and negative electrode is natively in outside, without the need to too much change.
One or more described thermoregulation part connecting charger, unifies or provides electric energy by independent described charger.This is the present invention's second innovative point, described battery temperature is regulated to mean to described positive and negative electrode cooling or heating, if this energy can be very unreasonable from described battery, because use the mobile device of described battery mostly to having high requirements the cruising time of described battery, if the energy in described battery is consumed too much, the use of described battery place equipment greatly certainly will be affected; Therefore this part energy we directly as much as possible to obtain from electrical network via described charger, to save the energy of described battery self; And natively there is in described charger the power circuit designed can merge its charge function and use together, so this departmental cost can save, described charger give described battery powered while separately have thermoregulation part described in connection to hold concurrently and play the effect of powering for described thermoregulation part, and control can be independent.
The temperature of described positive and negative electrode or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time upper and lower in limited time below or above respective temperature, described thermoregulation part heating or cooling.In fact we sum up the temperature requirements of described battery, can be summed up as a bit simply, and described exactly battery is the same with human body needs a comfortable preferably not high not low temperature environment to live.Charging, electric discharge, leave standstill time be not always the case, the similar situation of corresponding human body is exactly sleeping and eating, works, has a rest; Described battery is the same with human body just very uncomfortable when heat, severe cold, is unfavorable for sleeping and eating, works, has a rest; And to carry out that bionic design and hommization treat to described battery be an important technology thinking of the present invention, so in the present invention, the temperature of described positive pole, negative pole or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time lower than lowest temperature time, described thermoregulation part starts heating; The temperature of described positive pole, negative pole or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time higher than temperature upper limit time, described thermoregulation part begins to cool down.So here, the temperature that what described thermoregulation part controlled is never outside described battery, but be exactly even the temperature of described positive and negative electrode and described electrolyte in described battery; This is all right, and we carry out direct Optimal Control to the meal entering human body, the temperature of water of drinking.In like manner provide preferably internal temperature control during electric discharge, when even leaving standstill, temperature is extremely comfortable, and the proper temperature even fluctuation of temperature are all close to not having.
Wherein, described battery charge and standing time use the cost of energy of the electric energy of described charger and electrical network to be very lowly appreciated that connecing charger gets access to grid again; For may the electricity charge of one day have more than is needed mao the battery of electric bicycle all run every day, one month also with regard to 3 yuans, for the electric automobile all run every day, every day a maximum yuan, one month maximum 30 yuan, the above-mentioned level of consumption, if the general user being positioned at mean value, long-term then get the value of half, how much reality do not need.But a huge problem is, described battery is when discharging, and such as motor vehicle has departed from electrical network, and just cannot ask for power grid energy from described charger, will be very uneconomical with the energy of described inside battery.In fact contain hidden technical scheme in the present invention, one is before motor vehicle runs, described battery is connected to electrical network, if at this moment user knows motor vehicle next will be allowed to go out, described charger just can be allowed in advance to be the control that described inside battery carries out higher or lower temperature, namely to utilize described battery accumulation of heat or cold-storage; When described battery off-grid is for when travelling operation, the high temperature of its inside or low temperature also can delay guarantee 1-2 hours, described battery can also run well at substantially suitable temperature, this always than battery described in prior art summer awfully hot go on a journey nice and cool many, also than described battery winter ice-cold go on a journey warm a lot.Here also have a technology essential factor to be described battery accumulation of heat or cold-storage, in fact described battery is the position that in motor vehicle, metal is the most intensive, moisture is the most intensive, so its huge thermal capacity just can store a lot of heat or cold natively in advance.Please note the handling characteristics of motor vehicle, every day in charging interval general average namely 8 hours, and travel time actual two parts that are divided into are considered, a part is trip running time, remaining is trip down time, trip down time can be divided into stagnation of movement time of repose and stagnation of movement charging interval, the latter also can incorporate on the charging interval and go, travel time can not be belonged to, but such laws of use tells us, the time that motor vehicle really travels generally can not more than 2 hours, the time that in described battery, accumulation of heat or cold-storage can maintain can more than 2 hours, so " cold-storage and thermal storage is enough, there is the inadequate problem of the amount of saving hardly, go again for a long time to travel unless off-grid leaves standstill ", certainly we do not get rid of yet and replace described battery Self-heat-storage or cold-storage with other accumulation of heats, cold-storage material, with when motor vehicle is gone on a journey, then maintain the temperature in described battery by described thermoregulation part.
Just we will distinguish and tell several important control strategy here: one be charging, electric discharge, design temperature difference when leaving standstill; Two is the design temperature difference of positive and negative electrode; Three is before travel leave standstill and before travel store hot and cold temperature and set difference.Clearly, the charging of described battery, electric discharge, electro-chemical reaction equations when leaving standstill on described positive and negative pole plate are all different, so best design temperature certainly also can be different, individually set, under any circumstance, electrochemical equations on described positive pole and described negative pole is all different, so best design temperature also can be different, need setting separately separately, but what temperature is suitable is that battery specialty needs to consider the thing with concrete research, it is the independent technical field of another one, but please note this desired temperature, it is never the temperature of said best serviceability temperature and storage on described battery specification, that refers to environment or perhaps the gas temperature of described battery ambient, it not the electrochemical reaction optimum temperature at the most crucial place of the described inside battery that we discuss.If charging temperature when such as summer charges in described battery on described positive and negative electrode pole plate controls at about 18 DEG C, in time heat is derived and go, its charging rate can than now faster 30%, and percentage of water loss subtracts cruelly, longer cell life 40%, beneficial effect is very huge; But the temperature of described positive plate may set and control at 18.8 DEG C here, the temperature of described negative plate just may set and control at 17.6 DEG C in differentiation ground; If summer, then in before travel dozens of minutes, by the temperature setup control of described positive plate at 15 DEG C, the temperature setup control of described negative plate is at 14 DEG C, and go on a journey so latter 1-2 hour, the temperature of described battery slightly can rise to 18-20 DEG C, mean value is also just near the optimal discharge temperature of described positive and negative electrode, and being never the 30-40 DEG C of prior art, the thermal life damage of pole plate reduces greatly, and the life-span of described battery is certain to extend much.And the lithium ion battery of variety classes, electrode material, described positive and negative electrode is when charge and discharge, and optimum temperature is arranged to how many again, need determine according to the concrete condition of described battery.
In addition the present invention, provides a warmer temperature to described battery at low temperature season, is difficult to occur that low temperature capacity falseness reduces and the erroneous judgement of scrapping, so first time solves this problem in industry in passing again.And the later stage of life cycle management at described battery, this design temperature lower limit can improve, and to make the available capacity of described battery larger, there is damage in the life-span of high temperature to described battery of even now, but user in use, can feel that the electric power of equipment is more sufficient.Such as, a main aspect of the conventional fuel oil vehicle of existing motor vehicle characteristic difference is exactly the increase along with described battery access times, and its power performance more and more worsens; And had intensification capacity increasing technique of the present invention, described battery performance before scrapping can give full play to, described battery can use the longer time with more sufficient electricity, in fact namely again before described battery is scrapped be squeezed out some performances more, thus save an expense for consumer.
Described thermoregulation part is powered by described charger and in parallel, therefore can be controlled separately; Negative pole can share the negative pole that even can share charging cable, thus the cable cost that practices every conceivable frugality.
When the temperature of described battery is lower than design temperature, the longer described battery intensification amount of prognosis life time is larger; Or during higher than design temperature, the shorter described battery cooling amount of prognosis life time is larger.This point is the needs of each monomer equilibrium in order to described battery; What life appraisal was longer can improve control temperature, makes it lifetime, and what life appraisal was shorter can fall some temperature more, and make it rehabilitation, life extends to some extent; The result of such control, will make the life-span of each monomer of described battery more and more reach unanimity; This is also the life-span of each monomer of intervening described battery in industry first by the method for temperature intervention.
Described thermoregulation part is compressor air-conditioning, semiconductor refrigerating heats or electric tracing parts.Traditional compressor air-conditioning refrigeration, heating efficiency are higher.And adopting semiconductor refrigerating heating parts or electric tracing parts, structure is simple, layout is random, lighter in weight; And each shunt can be controlled separately, because described battery cell connection in series-parallel a large amount of often when described battery is used in equipment uses, so each described battery cell comprises the temperature of the described positive and negative electrode on it when needs control separately, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts and electric tracing parts are used alone and control just extremely convenient on each described positive and negative electrode; Wherein electric tracing parts be applicable to battery described in cold district only need heat low side electric bicycle or electric automobile on, cost is low, simple and reliable, not need temperature measuring equipment and temperature setting and control unit also can self adaptation self-regulation, be applicable to extensive lead acid accumulator class motor vehicle.As long as also have a feature to be the polarity inversion of its power supply just can be changed into by refrigeration heating for semiconductor refrigerating heating parts, or change refrigeration into by heating on the contrary, this point is particularly suitable for the described battery of the lithium ion class that highly integrated, summer in winter all needs temperature to protect.
It is important thus, select the relation of which kind of refrigeration, heating parts and vehicle very close.The refrigeration of the such as described battery of electric bicycle, motorcycle, heat and use compressor air-conditioning parts then may, because be not closed vehicle, simple be that the battery pack of very low capacity is equipped with the compressor part of complexity and improper, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts can being selected just passable, only using in the northeast of China electric tracing parts just very applicable for heating described battery.And compressor part is selected for electrocar, Electric Transit, point some refrigerating capacitys or heating capacity are come, and use with regard to comparison match; Electric bus charges, and selecting the semiconductor refrigerating parts that power consumption is very large, is only that the capacity of power supply is all likely problem.The kind of visible described thermoregulation part is selected, and even arrange, design, control etc. also has a lot of aspect to be worth research to be expanded.
Described electric tracing parts are wrapped on described positive and negative electrode, and this is the typical usage of described electric tracing parts, can have a variety of as canoe; But for described battery or the first time of motor vehicle.
On motor vehicle, when described thermoregulation part is compressor air-conditioning, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts, cold junction or hot junction connect described positive and negative electrode, and another hot junction or cold junction connect chassis or the vehicle body of described motor vehicle accordingly.The chassis of described motor vehicle and vehicle body, be made up of metal mostly, and have very large surface area, thus connect the hot junction of described thermoregulation part or cold junction double as into radiator or heat collector just most suitable, effect is best, and cost is minimum.
The lug of described negative or positive electrode is symmetrical, and why adopts this design, is to make refrigeration or heating effect more even on described positive and negative pole plate, from opposite side also transferring heat, instead of only from side; This is more senior design.
Also be provided with remote controller and receiver, described receiver connects described thermoregulation part; Receiver described in described remote control device is to control described thermoregulation part work.Motor vehicle is made to achieve preheating to described battery, this in industry still first, such as also have 1 hour motor vehicle will arrive cold outdoor trip, at this moment start described thermoregulation part by described remote controller and receiver and be described battery preheating and accumulation of heat, after making rear trip in the world of ice and snow of outdoor, still have excellent electric discharge when about 20 DEG C active, trip can be farther, and powerful is sufficient; Ironically, what the engine prewarming of itself and conventional fuel oil car slightly played the same tune on different musical instruments is wonderful.
Described thermoregulation part was started working in the charging later stage of described battery.This control strategy why is adopted to be because in civilian motor vehicle field, generally large current charge is adopted in the incipient stage during described battery charging, if therefore this time, described thermoregulation part also worked simultaneously, the electric current then obtained from electrical network is too large, easily causes electrical fire or excess load; And in the charging later stage of described battery, in general charged electrical fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and diminishes, at this moment described thermoregulation part can electricity consumption, wrong peak load, causes the probability of electricity consumption excess load just lower; In addition, the described battery phase after charging, if in summer, then easily overheated, just in time need cooling, if in winter, then temperature is too low, just in time needs to heat up, so that electricity is finally substituted the bad for the good.
In sum, advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1. the ingenious electrode that make use of battery is inside battery fast regulating temperature, meets the needs of electrochemical reaction during battery charging and discharging completely, and " electrode-electric solution liquid " is short, the most timely, the most most effective heat trnasfer route.
2. the ingenious energy that make use of electrical network, maintain the temperature of battery when charging, leaving standstill or even discharging, " electrical network-charger " is the most cheap method of supplying power to.
3. ingeniously make use of electric tracing and electric refrigeration device, the independent temperature achieving numerous battery cell controls, and is flexible, the smallest and the most exquisite temperature-control units.
4. solve the problem of the high and low temperature performance extreme difference of battery, compared with prior art, make motor vehicle can in severe cold or extremely hot area, Summer and winter is energy-conservation uses better.
5. the electrochemical reaction on the positive and negative pole plate of pair battery, difference provides reaction temperature, substantially increases its high and low temperature characteristic.
6. fail safe is good, is unlikely to the situation of catching fire or battery is overheated.
7. the percentage of water loss of lead-acid battery die-offs, and the life-span extends greatly.
8. false problem of scrapping when solving battery low temperature, only this benefit is on the one hand also very huge.
9. each battery cell essence is more balanced, equalizing circuit but not consume battery power.
10. on the structure of former vehicle and battery without any impact, increase some thermoregulation parts, in charger, do a simply remodeling, if battery compartment has excess room also without the need to changing.
11. costs increase few, and user can bear.
The present invention proposes the method for being carried out battery temperature control by electrode first time, propose battery to fill, the method of electric discharge optimum temperature differentiation, just propose battery, the theory of negative pole optimal reaction temperature differentiation, self discharge sulfuration and temperature fluctuation sulfuration are distinguished, propose falseness problem and the intensification of scrapping of battery low temperature and excessively damage the solution of scrapping, give the theory and the basic skills that control balanced each battery cell by temperature, give a set of more senior feasible increase-volume, increase the longevity, fill soon, balanced battery thermal scheme, the Curve guide impeller of the motor vehicle vehicle in more than thousands of kinds, present market and industry upgrading are of great immediate significance, and the equipment such as mobile phone and notebook computer can be diverted to, economic benefit is extremely huge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The basic embodiment schematic diagram of Fig. 1; The disjunctor cell embodiments schematic diagram that Fig. 2 electrode is drawn; The another kind of embodiment schematic diagram of disjunctor battery that Fig. 3 electrode is drawn;
Fig. 4 charger is the embodiment schematic diagram that thermoregulation part is powered; Fig. 5 charger is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram that multiple thermoregulation part is powered;
Fig. 6 thermoregulation part is the embodiment schematic diagram of electric tracing parts; The embodiment schematic diagram of thermoregulation part connecting base plate, vehicle body on Fig. 7 motor vehicle; Fig. 8 electrode has the embodiment schematic diagram of symmetrical lug;
Fig. 9 uses a teleswitch, the embodiment schematic diagram of receiver.
In Fig. 1-9: battery, positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte, thermoregulation part, charger, electric tracing parts, motor vehicle, chassis, vehicle body, lug, remote controller, receiver.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, concrete description is done to the specific embodiment of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is basic embodiment schematic diagram.Basic technical scheme is: battery has positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte, is also provided with thermoregulation part, and described thermoregulation part is mechanically connected and heats or cool described positive and negative electrode.The present invention's first time, described positive and negative electrode not only utilized its good conductivity for transmitting electric current, and plays its good thermal conductivity for transferring heat using the passage of the described positive and negative electrode of described battery as heat trnasfer, and this is in the field of business is use first time.The upper end of described positive and negative electrode is generally copper class material in actual applications, its conductivity and excellent heat conductivity; And described positive and negative electrode is also generally metal or the metallic compound of lead or lithium class in the part of described inside battery, thermal conductivity is also fine; In addition based on the needs of self electrochemical reaction of described battery, described positive and negative electrode has very large surface area at described inside battery, widely tight with the contact of described electrolyte, so described positive and negative electrode just can carry out efficient heat exchange with described electrolyte in moment, the temperature of participating in the described Thin Electrolyte Layer of reaction also follows change at once, directly affects electrochemical reaction.In embodiment shown in Fig. 1, described battery is monomer.
Described battery is the disjunctor lead acid accumulator that lithium-ion battery monomer, lead acid accumulator monomer or described positive and negative electrode are drawn.Fig. 2 is the disjunctor cell embodiments schematic diagram that electrode is drawn; Fig. 3 is the another kind of embodiment schematic diagram of disjunctor battery that electrode is drawn.In Fig. 2-3, during described battery disjunctor, described positive and negative electrode series connection between the monomer of described battery, but have any different with general disjunctor battery, positive and negative electrode described in it is not hidden in the shell of described battery, but be drawn out to outside described battery, carry out heat exchange to be connected with described thermoregulation part, two adjacent described positive and negative electrodes can share a described thermoregulation part even in figure 3.Described positive and negative electrode lead to a condition of the invention process, especially be the condition of a need change for the lead-acid battery being connected into disjunctor, connect between monomer wall weldering position two electrodes must be drawn out to described outside batteries some, even cancel and connect wall weldering and directly draw described positive and negative electrode, the cost of increase is not a lot.For lithium ion battery, because the monomer of each described battery is natively independent, described positive and negative electrode is natively in outside, without the need to too much change.
Fig. 4 is charger is the embodiment schematic diagram that thermoregulation part is powered.One or more described thermoregulation part connecting charger, unifies or provides electric energy by independent described charger.This is the present invention's second innovative point, described battery temperature is regulated to mean to described positive and negative electrode cooling or heating, if this energy can be very unreasonable from described battery, because use the mobile device of described battery mostly to having high requirements the cruising time of described battery, if the energy in described battery is consumed too much, the use of described battery place equipment greatly certainly will be affected; Therefore this part energy we directly as much as possible to obtain from electrical network via described charger, to save the energy of described battery self; And natively there is in described charger the power circuit designed can merge its charge function and use together, so this departmental cost can save, described charger give described battery powered while separately have thermoregulation part described in connection to hold concurrently and play the effect of powering for described thermoregulation part, and control can be independent.
The temperature of described positive and negative electrode or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time upper and lower in limited time below or above respective temperature, described thermoregulation part heating or cooling.In fact we sum up the temperature requirements of described battery, can be summed up as a bit simply, and described exactly battery is the same with human body needs a comfortable preferably not high not low temperature environment to live.Charging, electric discharge, leave standstill time be not always the case, the similar situation of corresponding human body is exactly sleeping and eating, works, has a rest; Described battery is the same with human body just very uncomfortable when heat, severe cold, is unfavorable for sleeping and eating, works, has a rest; And to carry out that bionic design and hommization treat to described battery be an important technology thinking of the present invention, so in the present invention, the temperature of described positive pole, negative pole or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time lower than lowest temperature time, described thermoregulation part starts heating; The temperature of described positive pole, negative pole or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time higher than temperature upper limit time, described thermoregulation part begins to cool down.
Wherein, described battery charge and standing time use the cost of energy of the electric energy of described charger and electrical network to be very lowly appreciated that connecing charger gets access to grid again; For may the electricity charge of one day have more than is needed mao the battery of electric bicycle all run every day, one month also with regard to 3 yuans, for the electric automobile all run every day, every day a maximum yuan, one month maximum 30 yuan, the above-mentioned level of consumption, if the general user being positioned at mean value, long-term then get the value of half, how much reality do not need.But a huge problem is, described battery is when discharging, and such as motor vehicle has departed from electrical network, and just cannot ask for power grid energy from described charger, will be very uneconomical with the energy of described inside battery.In fact contain hidden technical scheme in the present invention, one is before motor vehicle runs, described battery is connected to electrical network, if at this moment user knows motor vehicle next will be allowed to go out, described charger just can be allowed in advance to be the control that described inside battery carries out higher or lower temperature, namely to utilize described battery accumulation of heat or cold-storage; When described battery off-grid is for when travelling operation, the high temperature of its inside or low temperature also can delay guarantee 1-2 hours, described battery can also run well at substantially suitable temperature, this always than battery described in prior art summer awfully hot go on a journey nice and cool many, also than described battery winter ice-cold go on a journey warm a lot.Here also have a technology essential factor to be described battery accumulation of heat or cold-storage, in fact described battery is the position that in motor vehicle, metal is the most intensive, moisture is the most intensive, so its huge thermal capacity just can store a lot of heat or cold natively in advance.Please note the handling characteristics of motor vehicle, every day in charging interval general average namely 8 hours, and travel time actual two parts that are divided into are considered, a part is trip running time, remaining is trip down time, trip down time can be divided into stagnation of movement time of repose and stagnation of movement charging interval, the latter also can incorporate on the charging interval and go, travel time can not be belonged to, but such laws of use tells us, the time that motor vehicle really travels generally can not more than 2 hours, the time that in described battery, accumulation of heat or cold-storage can maintain can more than 2 hours, so " cold-storage and thermal storage is enough, there is the inadequate problem of the amount of saving hardly, go again for a long time to travel unless off-grid leaves standstill ", certainly we do not get rid of yet and replace described battery Self-heat-storage or cold-storage with other accumulation of heats, cold-storage material, with when motor vehicle is gone on a journey, then maintain the temperature in described battery by described thermoregulation part.
Just we will distinguish and tell several important control strategy here: one be charging, electric discharge, design temperature difference when leaving standstill; Two is the design temperature difference of positive and negative electrode; Three is before travel leave standstill and before travel store hot and cold temperature and set difference.Clearly, the charging of described battery, electric discharge, electro-chemical reaction equations when leaving standstill on described positive and negative pole plate are all different, so best design temperature certainly also can be different, individually set, under any circumstance, electrochemical equations on described positive pole and described negative pole is all different, so best design temperature also can be different, need setting separately separately, but what temperature is suitable is that battery specialty needs to consider the thing with concrete research, it is the independent technical field of another one, but please note this desired temperature, it is never the temperature of said best serviceability temperature and storage on described battery specification, that refers to environment or perhaps the gas temperature of described battery ambient, it not the electrochemical reaction optimum temperature at the most crucial place of the described inside battery that we discuss.If charging temperature when such as summer charges in described battery on described positive and negative electrode pole plate controls at about 18 DEG C, in time heat is derived and go, its charging rate can than now faster 30%, and percentage of water loss subtracts cruelly, longer cell life 40%, beneficial effect is very huge; But the temperature of described positive plate may set and control at 18.8 DEG C here, the temperature of described negative plate just may set and control at 17.6 DEG C in differentiation ground; If summer, then in before travel dozens of minutes, by the temperature setup control of described positive plate at 15 DEG C, the temperature setup control of described negative plate is at 14 DEG C, and go on a journey so latter 1-2 hour, the temperature of described battery slightly can rise to 18-20 DEG C, mean value is also just near the optimal discharge temperature of described positive and negative electrode, and being never the 30-40 DEG C of prior art, the thermal life damage of pole plate reduces greatly, and the life-span of described battery is certain to extend much.And the lithium ion battery of variety classes, electrode material, described positive and negative electrode is when charge and discharge, and optimum temperature is arranged to how many again, need determine according to the concrete condition of described battery.
In addition the present invention, provides a warmer temperature to described battery at low temperature season, is difficult to occur that low temperature capacity falseness reduces and the erroneous judgement of scrapping, so first time solves this problem in industry in passing again.And the later stage of life cycle management at described battery, this design temperature lower limit can improve, and to make the available capacity of described battery larger, there is damage in the life-span of high temperature to described battery of even now, but user in use, can feel that the electric power of equipment is more sufficient.
Fig. 5 charger is a kind of embodiment schematic diagram that multiple thermoregulation part is powered; Described thermoregulation part is powered by described charger and in parallel, therefore can be controlled separately; Negative pole can share the negative pole that even can share charging cable, thus the cable cost that practices every conceivable frugality.
When the temperature of described battery is lower than design temperature, the longer described battery intensification amount of prognosis life time is larger; Or during higher than design temperature, the shorter described battery cooling amount of prognosis life time is larger.This point is the needs of each monomer equilibrium in order to described battery; What life appraisal was longer can improve control temperature, makes it lifetime, and what life appraisal was shorter can fall some temperature more, and make it rehabilitation, life extends to some extent; The result of such control, will make the life-span of each monomer of described battery more and more reach unanimity; This is also the life-span of each monomer of intervening described battery in industry first by the method for temperature intervention.
Described thermoregulation part is compressor air-conditioning, semiconductor refrigerating heats or electric tracing parts.Traditional compressor air-conditioning cooling and warming efficiency is higher.And adopting semiconductor refrigerating heating parts or electric tracing parts, structure is simple, layout is random, lighter in weight; And each shunt can be controlled separately, because described battery cell connection in series-parallel a large amount of often when described battery is used in equipment uses, so each described battery cell comprises the temperature of the described positive and negative electrode on it when needs control separately, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts and electric tracing parts are used alone and control just extremely convenient on each described positive and negative electrode; Wherein electric tracing parts be applicable to battery described in cold district only need heat low side electric bicycle or electric automobile on, cost is low, simple and reliable, not need temperature measuring equipment and temperature setting and control unit also can self adaptation self-regulation, be applicable to extensive lead acid accumulator class motor vehicle.As long as also have a feature to be the polarity inversion of its power supply just can be changed into by refrigeration heating for semiconductor refrigerating heating parts, or change refrigeration into by heating on the contrary, this point is particularly suitable for the described battery of the lithium ion class that highly integrated, summer in winter all needs temperature to protect.
It is important thus, select the relation of which kind of refrigeration, heating parts and vehicle very close.The refrigeration of the such as described battery of electric bicycle, motorcycle, heat and use compressor air-conditioning parts then may, because be not closed vehicle, simple be that the battery pack of very low capacity is equipped with the compressor part of complexity and improper, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts can being selected just passable, only using in the northeast of China electric tracing parts just very applicable for heating described battery.And compressor part is selected for electrocar, Electric Transit, point some refrigerating capacitys or heating capacity are come, and use with regard to comparison match; Electric bus charges, and selecting the semiconductor refrigerating parts that power consumption is very large, is only that the capacity of power supply is all likely problem.The kind of visible described thermoregulation part is selected, and even arrange, design, control etc. also has a lot of aspect to be worth research to be expanded.
The embodiment schematic diagram of Fig. 6 to be thermoregulation part be electric tracing parts.Described electric tracing parts are wrapped on described positive and negative electrode, and this is the typical usage of described electric tracing parts, can have a variety of as canoe; But for described battery or the first time of motor vehicle.
Fig. 7 is the embodiment schematic diagram of thermoregulation part connecting base plate, vehicle body on motor vehicle.On motor vehicle, when described thermoregulation part is compressor air-conditioning, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts, cold junction or hot junction connect described positive and negative electrode, and another hot junction or cold junction connect chassis or the vehicle body of described motor vehicle accordingly.The chassis of described motor vehicle and vehicle body, be made up of metal mostly, and have very large surface area, thus connect the hot junction of described thermoregulation part or cold junction double as into radiator or heat collector just most suitable, effect is best, and cost is minimum.
Fig. 8 is the embodiment schematic diagram that electrode has symmetrical lug.The lug of described negative or positive electrode is symmetrical, and why adopts this design, is to make refrigeration or heating effect more even on described positive and negative pole plate, from opposite side also transferring heat, instead of only from side; This is more senior design.
Fig. 9 be use a teleswitch, the embodiment schematic diagram of receiver.Also be provided with remote controller and receiver, described receiver connects described thermoregulation part; Receiver described in described remote control device is to control described thermoregulation part work.Motor vehicle is made to achieve preheating to described battery, this in industry still first, such as also have 1 hour motor vehicle will arrive cold outdoor trip, at this moment start described thermoregulation part by described remote controller and receiver and be described battery preheating and accumulation of heat, after making rear trip in the world of ice and snow of outdoor, still have excellent electric discharge when about 20 DEG C active, trip can be farther, and powerful is sufficient.
Described thermoregulation part was started working in the charging later stage of described battery.This control strategy why is adopted to be because in civilian motor vehicle field, generally large current charge is adopted in the incipient stage during described battery charging, if therefore this time, described thermoregulation part also worked simultaneously, the electric current then obtained from electrical network is too large, easily causes electrical fire or excess load; And in the charging later stage of described battery, in general charged electrical fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and diminishes, at this moment described thermoregulation part can electricity consumption, wrong peak load, causes the probability of electricity consumption excess load just lower; In addition, the described battery phase after charging, if in summer, then easily overheated, just in time need cooling, if in winter, then temperature is too low, just in time needs to heat up, so that electricity is finally substituted the bad for the good.
The present invention is skillfully constructed, and achieves many things at one stroke, and cost is lower, and beneficial effect is but very huge.
Claims (10)
1. a battery temperature control method, battery has positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte, is also provided with thermoregulation part, it is characterized in that, described thermoregulation part is mechanically connected and heats or cool described positive and negative electrode.
2. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described battery is the disjunctor lead acid accumulator that lithium-ion battery monomer, lead acid accumulator monomer or described positive and negative electrode are drawn.
3. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, one or more described thermoregulation part connecting charger, unifies or provides electric energy by independent described charger.
4. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature of described positive and negative electrode or battery, electrolyte charging, electric discharge or standing time upper and lower in limited time below or above respective temperature, described thermoregulation part heating or cooling.
5. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when the temperature of described battery is lower than design temperature, the longer described battery intensification amount of prognosis life time is larger; Or during higher than design temperature, the shorter described battery cooling amount of prognosis life time is larger.
6. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described thermoregulation part is compressor air-conditioning, semiconductor refrigerating heats or electric tracing parts.
7. battery temperature control method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, on motor vehicle, when described thermoregulation part is compressor air-conditioning, semiconductor refrigerating heating parts, cold junction or hot junction connect described positive and negative electrode, and another hot junction or cold junction connect chassis or the vehicle body of described motor vehicle accordingly.
8. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the lug of described negative or positive electrode is symmetrical.
9. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with remote controller and receiver, and described receiver connects described thermoregulation part; Receiver described in described remote control device is to control described thermoregulation part work.
10. battery temperature control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described thermoregulation part was started working in the charging later stage of described battery.
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