CN1045770A - 用膜法蒸馏技术分离浓缩醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统 - Google Patents
用膜法蒸馏技术分离浓缩醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1045770A CN1045770A CN89101658.9A CN89101658A CN1045770A CN 1045770 A CN1045770 A CN 1045770A CN 89101658 A CN89101658 A CN 89101658A CN 1045770 A CN1045770 A CN 1045770A
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- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- ammonium hydroxide
- acetate
- film
- ammonium acetate
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- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 Dichlorodiphenyl Acetate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000006735 Periostitis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003460 periosteum Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/10—Separation of ammonia from ammonia liquors, e.g. gas liquors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种高效的膜法分离醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统，膜对醋酸的阻截率为98％，对氢氧化铵的透过率为99％。本发明阐述了这种高效超薄膜的制备方法并说明了这种系统的工作原理和建立系统的方法。
Description
本发明属于化工分离技术领域。
对在生产聚氯乙烯添加剂的过程中产生的醋酸铵（NH4CH3COO）和铵水（NH4OH）混合水溶液，可用传统的蒸馏法将NH4OH变成NH3蒸出，也可用反渗透法。用美国杜邦公司生产的反渗透B9型中空组件对上述溶液进行分离，其膜分离率仅为30%左右。上述二种分离方法，分离效率低，设备复杂，操作繁琐。
本发明的目的是提供一种简便、节能，高分离率的膜技术。它直接利用NH4CH3COO与NH4OH混合溶液本身的热能，通过对膜组件的管心吹入冷空气使溶液中的NH4CH3COO与NH4OH得以分离，既解决了废水排放问题，又使NH4CH3COO和NH4OH得以回收利用。
热化工废水溶液的性质如下：
NH4CH3COO 0.5-8%
NH4OH 0.5-5%
Pb 1-10毫克/升
Cu 2-20毫克/升
浊度 ＜5毫克/升
温度 60-120℃
本发明的进行膜法蒸馏的膜组件的制备方法是，采用市售的中空纤维微孔膜组件，纤维的外径是50-3000微米，厚度为10-200微米，膜的孔径为0.01-5微米，膜材料为甲基纤维素，乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、聚砜。组件的外形尺寸是直径1-12英寸，长度0.25-6米。用泵将二甲基硅氧烷与硅酸乙酯的混合液配成浓度为0.05-20%的石油醚溶液注入中空纤维的内壁，循环注入5-120分钟。然后排尽石油醚溶液，在40-90℃真空干燥1-10小时，即完成了本发明膜组件的制备。
按附图1配置成膜法蒸馏的分离流水线。其中有进料阀（1），三个压力表（2），四个温度计（3），二只流量表（4），膜组件（5），一个或一个以上热交换器（6），真空泵（7），空压机（8），水收集罐（9）及一个带有冷冻器的氨气吸收罐（10），热的废水料液通过阀门（1），从A进入组件（5），经过组件（5）中膜的外壁由B流出。冷空气从C打入组件（5）的中空纤维膜的内壁。由于膜的表面涂有增水材料，当膜的内壁和外壁现温差时，在膜的外壁表面即出现一层蒸气，这种由温差引起的饱和蒸气压使蒸气的分子通过膜壁的微孔进入中空纤维膜的内腔。本系统中蒸气的组成是H2O和NH4OH。蒸气在空压机（8）和真空泵（7）的力的作用下进入热交换器（6），水蒸气被凝结成水由水收集罐（9）收集。氨气继续通过真空泵（7），在吸收罐（10）中被低温水吸收。同时，废水料液通过膜组件（5）的B排出时由于减少了水和氨气，达到了浓缩的目的。采用本发明的方法，可使NH4CH3COO的分离率达到90-99%。其分离结果综述如下：
NH3的回收率 80-98%
NH4CH3COO浓度 由料液的起点浓度直至其饱和浓度
NH4OH的纯度 95-99%
水收集罐（10）中NH4CH3COO的含量 0.05-0.2%
水收集罐（10）中的PH值 7-8
为了反复证实本发明的可行性和重复性，采用了附图1的装置，将料液分别改为H2O，NH4CH3COO水溶液，和NH4OH水溶液，用上述三种料液单独进行实验。其结果是：
膜对 NH4CH3COO的阻截率 98%
膜对 NH4OH的透过率 99%
膜对 H2O的透过速率 30公升/天米2膜
Claims (3)
1、一种用膜法蒸馏技术分离浓缩醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统，其特征是系统主要由膜蒸馏组件，冷凝器、热交换器，空压机和真空泵组成。
2、按权利要求1所述的膜法分离系统，其特征是膜蒸馏组件是在用甲基纤维素，或乙基纤维素，或醋酸纤维素，或聚砜为材料的中空纤维管膜的表面涂有一层二甲基硅氧烷与硅酸乙酯混合物的超薄膜。
3、按权利要求1所述的膜法分离系统，其特征是膜蒸馏组件的内部通入冷空气，外部通入热的醋酸铵和氢氧化铵的混合水溶液。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89101658.9A CN1045770A (zh) | 1989-03-18 | 1989-03-18 | 用膜法蒸馏技术分离浓缩醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统 |
| PCT/CA1990/000089 WO1990011119A2 (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1990-03-16 | Membrane separation of ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide |
| AU53356/90A AU5335690A (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1990-03-16 | Membrane separation of ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89101658.9A CN1045770A (zh) | 1989-03-18 | 1989-03-18 | 用膜法蒸馏技术分离浓缩醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1045770A true CN1045770A (zh) | 1990-10-03 |
Family
ID=4854373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89101658.9A Pending CN1045770A (zh) | 1989-03-18 | 1989-03-18 | 用膜法蒸馏技术分离浓缩醋酸铵与氢氧化铵的系统 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1045770A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1990011119A2 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102107120A (zh) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 天津工业大学 | 一种气扫式膜蒸馏方法 |
| CN103112871A (zh) * | 2013-02-19 | 2013-05-22 | 厦门国麟科技有限公司 | 低浓度氨水分离提纯制备高浓氨的方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5102551A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1992-04-07 | Texaco Inc. | Membrane process for treating a mixture containing dewaxed oil and dewaxing solvent |
| US5472613A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1995-12-05 | Envirosep Inc. | Removing volatile and non-volatile organic in a thick film equilibrium process and device |
| DE19653681C2 (de) * | 1996-12-13 | 2000-04-06 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Kupferschichten mit gleichmäßiger Schichtdicke und guten optischen und metallphysikalischen Eigenschaften und Anwendung des Verfahrens |
| DE102012202792A1 (de) * | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Wasser mittels Membrandestillation |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3368529D1 (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1987-02-05 | Monsanto Co | Multicomponent membrane for gas separation |
-
1989
- 1989-03-18 CN CN89101658.9A patent/CN1045770A/zh active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-03-16 WO PCT/CA1990/000089 patent/WO1990011119A2/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102107120A (zh) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 天津工业大学 | 一种气扫式膜蒸馏方法 |
| CN103112871A (zh) * | 2013-02-19 | 2013-05-22 | 厦门国麟科技有限公司 | 低浓度氨水分离提纯制备高浓氨的方法 |
| CN103112871B (zh) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-10-29 | 厦门国麟科技有限公司 | 低浓度氨水分离提纯制备高浓氨的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1990011119A2 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| WO1990011119A3 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
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