CN104577062B - 一种纳米银碳的制备方法及在锂离子电池中的应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米银碳的制备方法及在锂离子电池中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- RRKGBEPNZRCDAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ag] Chemical compound [C].[Ag] RRKGBEPNZRCDAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical group O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 encapsulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
一种纳米银碳材料的制备方法,为了可以使电池的低温性能和大倍率充放电循环性能得到明显的提高。尤其涉及一种纳米银碳材料的制备方法以及其在锂离子电池负极中的应用。本发明采用以下技术方案。包括以下步骤,①制备纳米银溶胶;②活性炭吸附;③人造石墨复合;④纳米银还原。电池性能测试表明,本专利方法所制备的锂离子电池具有低温性能优良、适合大倍率充放电的优点,应用前景非常广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米新材料在化学电源中的应用领域,尤其涉及一种纳米银碳材料的制备方法以及其在锂离子电池负极中的应用。
背景技术
现代生活中,移动设备的迅猛发展对电源性能提出了更高的要求。新能源汽车领域,要求电池具有可高倍率充放电,高能量转化率等特点;特殊军工领域,要求电池具有低温-20℃下放电容量达到25℃时放电容量80%以上的能力;启动电源要求电池瞬间放电倍率达到30C以上,这些都对电源设计及制造提出了更高的要求。
目前来看,大多数锂离子电池生产商是通过选用小颗粒正负极材料、增加正负极配比中导电剂的比例、采用电导率较高的倍率电解液来提高电池倍率性能,通过选择低温功能电解液来提高电池的低温性能。不可否认,这些措施确实能在一定程度上提高电池某些方面的性能表现,但同时也都存在着一些不足之处:选用小颗粒正负极材料存在配料易团聚,分散困难的缺点;增加正负极中导电剂的配比则会相应降低极片的压实密度,影响电池容量;选用电导率较高的倍率电解液会相应降低添加剂的含量,不利于电池倍率或循环性能;选择低温电解液同样会牺牲电池的循环性能。
本专利发明了一种纳米银碳材料,实验表明,将其做为负极主料应用于锂离子电池之中,可以使电池的低温性能和大倍率充放电循环性能得到明显的提高。
发明内容
为了可以使电池的低温性能和大倍率充放电循环性能得到明显的提高。本发明采用以下技术方案。
一种纳米银碳材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
制备纳米银溶胶:称取硝酸银并将其溶解于去离子水中,形成A液;称取还原剂并溶于去离子水中,形成B液;在A液或B液中加入稳定剂,混合均匀后将两种溶液在搅拌状态下均匀混合,即得到均一、稳定的黄色纳米银溶胶;
活性炭吸附:称取分散剂,加入上述方法制备的纳米银溶胶中混合均匀,得到C液;称取活性炭,搅拌状态下将其加入C液中,继续搅拌使纳米银充分吸附于活性炭的表面,形成D液;
人造石墨复合:称取人造石墨,搅拌状态下加入到D液中,继续高速搅拌后得混合液E,将混合液E抽滤、洗涤后取滤饼放入鼓风烤箱中烘去水份;
纳米银还原:烘干后的滤饼研碎后放入管式炉中,在氢气氛围下加热后,得到体相复合型纳米银碳。
根据所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法,所述的还原剂为柠檬酸钠或硼氢化钠。
根据所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法,所述的稳定剂为柠檬酸钠。
根据所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法,所述的分散剂为聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇。
根据所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法, A液与B液的质量比浓度均小于10%,且硝酸银、还原剂、稳定剂、分散剂、活性炭的质量比为1:0.5~2:0.2~1:0.1~0.5:0.5-10。
根据所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法,纳米银在管式炉中的还原温度300~600℃,还原时间1~10小时。
一种制备的纳米银碳材料在锂离子电池负极中的应用方法,
纳米银碳作为负极主料在抽真空条件下配料,其他辅助添加剂包括super-P、CMC、SBR,溶剂为去离子水;
负极涂布过程采用冷风吹干或循环热氮气吹干,以防止纳米银的氧化;
制备电芯以后,电芯采用真空烘烤或氮气保护烘烤,电芯烘烤后待温度降低到40℃以下拿出烤箱进行注液。
电池性能测试表明,本专利方法所制备的锂离子电池具有低温性能优良、适合大倍率充放电的优点,应用前景非常广阔。
附图说明
图1为实施例和比较例低温性放电能测试曲线图。
图2为实施例和比较例3C倍率充放电循环性能测试曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明主要技术方案如下。
在溶液中首先通过还原方法将硝酸银还原,制备纳米银溶胶;然后往纳米银溶胶中加入活性炭,将纳米银均匀吸附于活性炭的表面;然后再得到的混合液中加入人造石墨,混合一段时间后进行抽滤、洗涤,并将滤饼放入鼓风烤箱中烘去水份;烘干后的滤饼研碎后放入管式炉中,在氢气氛围下加热还原一段时间后,即得到体相复合纳米银碳。以纳米银碳作为负极主料,通过一定的工艺进行配料、涂布、制片、装配、烘烤、注液、封装等工序制作锂离子电池。
以纳米银碳为负极主料,以镍钴锰三元材料为正极主料,采用特殊工艺制备2.2Ah三元锂离子电池。作为实施例,以人造石墨为负极主料,以镍钴锰三元材料为正极主料,采用与实施例相同工艺制备三元锂离子电池,作为比较例。两种方法制备的锂离子电池分别做低温放电性能测试、3C充放电循环性能测试,记录数据并作图如图1、2所示。
实施例
纳米银碳的制备。
制备纳米银溶胶:称取100g硝酸银并将其溶解于5000g去离子水中,形成A液;称取100gNaBH4溶于5000g去离子水中,形成B液;在A液中加入30g柠檬酸钠,溶解均匀后将两种溶液在搅拌状态下均匀混合,即得到均一、稳定的黄色纳米银溶胶。
活性炭吸附:称取20g聚乙烯醇,加入步骤中制备的纳米银溶胶中混合均匀,得到C液;称取100g活性炭,搅拌状态下将其加入C液中,继续搅拌1h,使纳米银充分吸附于活性炭表面,形成混合液D。
人造石墨复合:称取4800g人造石墨,搅拌状态下加入到混合液D中,继续1000rpm搅拌2h时间后得混合液E,将混合液E抽滤、洗涤后取滤饼放入鼓风烤箱中烘去水份。
纳米银还原:烘干后的滤饼研碎后放入管式炉中,在氢气氛围下加热到400℃保持5h,冷却后取出,即得到体相复型合纳米银碳。
锂离子电池的制作。
锂离子电池大体过程为配料、涂布、制片、装配、烘烤、注液、封装,具体常识性细节为现有技术,不再赘述,仅对几个关键控制点加以说明。
纳米银碳作为负极主料在抽真空条件下配料,其他辅助添加剂包括super-P、CMC、SBR,溶剂为去离子水。为防止配料过程中浆料温度过高,通循环水对浆料降温。
负极涂布后干燥过程采用冷风吹干方式,以防止纳米银的氧化。
制备电芯以后,电芯进行真空烘烤,电芯烘烤后待温度降低到40℃以下才可拿出烤箱进行注液。
比较例
以与实施例相同人造石墨作为锂离子电池负极主料,与实施例相同的镍钴锰三元材料作为正极主料,采用和实施例相同的工艺制作三元锂离子电池,电池制作过程的具体常识性细节不再赘述,过程关键控制点与上述的实施例中“锂离子电池制作过程”相同。
实施例和比较例中制作的电池分别作低温性能测试,3C倍率充放电循环,其结果列于表1。图1中曲线自上而下分别为25度、0度、-20度的曲线。
从表1和图1、图2很容易看出,以纳米银碳作为负极主料制作的电池,-20℃放电容量占25℃放电容量的90.5%,而以人造石墨为负极主料制作的电池,-20℃放电容量占25℃放电容量的79.0%,本专利方法制作的电池,其低温放电性能得到很大的提高。
相同条件下3C倍率充放电循环测试表明,以纳米银碳作为负极主料制作的电池和以人造石墨为负极主料制作的电池300次循环后容量保持率分别为91.1%和80.7%,可见本专利方法制作的电池倍率充放电性能也得到了较大的提高。
Claims (4)
1.一种纳米银碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤,
制备纳米银溶胶:称取硝酸银并将其溶解于去离子水中,形成A液;称取还原剂并溶于去离子水中,形成B液;在A液或B液中加入稳定剂,混合均匀后将两种溶液在搅拌状态下均匀混合,即得到均一、稳定的黄色纳米银溶胶;
活性炭吸附:称取分散剂,加入上述方法制备的纳米银溶胶中混合均匀,得到C液;称取活性炭,搅拌状态下将其加入C液中,继续搅拌使纳米银充分吸附于活性炭的表面,形成D液;
人造石墨复合:称取人造石墨,搅拌状态下加入到D液中,继续高速搅拌后得混合液E,将混合液E抽滤、洗涤后取滤饼放入鼓风烤箱中烘去水份;
纳米银还原:烘干后的滤饼研碎后放入管式炉中,在氢气氛围下加热后,得到体相复合型纳米银碳;
其中,A液与B液的质量比浓度均小于10%,且硝酸银、还原剂、稳定剂、分散剂、活性炭的质量比为1:0.5~2:0.2~1:0.1~0.5:0.5-10;
所述的还原剂为柠檬酸钠或硼氢化钠,所述的稳定剂为柠檬酸钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的分散剂为聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米银碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:纳米银在管式炉中的还原温度300~600℃,还原时间1~10小时。
4.一种权利要求1步骤制备的纳米银碳材料在锂离子电池负极中的应用方法,其特征在于:
纳米银碳作为负极主料在抽真空条件下配料,其他辅助添加剂包括super-P、CMC、SBR,溶剂为去离子水;
负极涂布过程采用冷风吹干或循环热氮气吹干,以防止纳米银的氧化;
制备电芯以后,电芯采用真空烘烤或氮气保护烘烤,电芯烘烤后待温度降低到40℃以下拿出烤箱进行注液。
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