CN104557158A - Technology and system for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents
Technology and system for preparing organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104557158A CN104557158A CN201510036408.9A CN201510036408A CN104557158A CN 104557158 A CN104557158 A CN 104557158A CN 201510036408 A CN201510036408 A CN 201510036408A CN 104557158 A CN104557158 A CN 104557158A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology and a system for preparing an organic fertilizer from livestock and poultry manure. The technology comprises the following steps: (1) treating the livestock and poultry manure by a solid-liquid separation device; (2) mixing the treated livestock and poultry manure with straw to form a mixture; (3) conveying the mixture into a reaction kettle; (4) closing the reaction kettle, opening a gas-liquid separation device, and enabling the interior of the reaction kettle to be filled with high-pressure steam through a steam inlet; rotating a rotating shaft and swinging a connecting rod to fully mix the mixture; (5) after reaction is carried out for a period of time, closing the gas-liquid separation device, and maintaining the pressure; (6) stopping the actions of the rotating shaft and the connecting rod, switching on a discharge valve, and conveying the organic fertilizer treated by pressure maintaining into a stockyard; and (7) stirring the organic fertilizer to reduce the temperature. According to the technology for preparing the organic fertilizer, a full-automatic production line is used for carrying out batch treatment on the livestock and poultry manure, the treated livestock and poultry manure is high in content of organic matters, and generated organic matters can be easily absorbed by soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field utilizing fowl poultry kind ight soil to prepare fertilizer, particularly relate to a kind of adopt feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer technique and system.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of Animal Husbandry in China and a large amount of implementations of intensive pig production, a large amount of pig manures concentrates in plant.Due to the moisture height of pig manure, not easily store, stink is large, if adopt conventional process mode pig manure being transported to farmland, not only need a large amount of human and material resources, transportation cost is high, and because being transported in time by a large amount of pig manure at short notice, cause environmental pollution, affect people, animal healthy.
Investigation display, the annual Animal fecal pollution generation of current China is about 1,900,000,000 tons, it is 24 times of industrial solid castoff, wherein the quantity discharged of the COD (chemical oxygen demand (COD)) of feces of livestock and poultry has reached 71,180,000 tons, considerably beyond Chinese industrial waste water in the summation of the quantity discharged of sanitary wastewater, feces of livestock and poultry enters water body turnover rate that water body causes up to 25%-30%.Therefore, Pollution from livestock and poultry has become one of main source polluted Chinese countryside.
In order to solve the problem, those skilled in the art both domestic and external have carried out continuous research, also achieve certain effect.Treatment process relatively more conventional at present, is generally add a certain proportion of stalk and bacterial classification in feces of livestock and poultry, ferments, finally form fertilizer after being mixed.But this treatment process drops into bacterial classification due to needs, not only increase the difficulty of configuration technique, be difficult to realize automatic production, and add production cost, the economic benefit that lower process animal dung toilet brings.On the other hand, adopt organic content in the fertilizer produced of aforesaid method low, greatly between 45%-55%, and with fertilizer prepared by this kind of method, its organic matter is not easy by soil absorption, not obvious to the improving effect of soil.
Therefore, those skilled in the art need research one badly and full-automatic production line can be adopted to carry out batch processing to feces of livestock and poultry, and the organic content after process is high, and the organic matter of generation is easily by the fertilizer preparation technology of soil absorption and system.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, the invention provides a kind of technique adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer, this technique adopts full-automatic production line to carry out batch processing to feces of livestock and poultry, and treatment capacity is large, and technique is simple.
Another object of the present invention, the organic content be to provide after a kind of process is high, and the organic matter generated is easily by the technique preparing fertilizer of soil absorption.
Another object of the present invention, is to provide a kind of easy to operate, processes thoroughly, feces of livestock and poultry can be adopted to prepare the system of fertilizer.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of technique adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer, comprise the steps: 1) by equipment for separating liquid from solid, feces of livestock and poultry is processed; 2) feces of livestock and poultry after process is mixed with stalk, form compound; 3) described compound is delivered in reactor; 4) close described reactor, open gas-liquid separation device, high pressure steam passes in described reactor by steam-in; Start turning axle and connecting rod, turning axle is rotated, connecting rod swing, compound is fully stirred; 5), after reacting certain hour, described gas-liquid separation device is closed, pressurize; 6) stop the swing of the rotation of described turning axle and described connecting rod, open bleeder valve, the fertilizer through pressurize process is delivered to dump; 7) fertilizer is stirred lower temperature.
Further, step 5) and step 6) between also comprise vacuum processing step; To through step 5) described reactor after pressurize reduces pressure, when pressure is reduced to below 0.02MPa, opens vacuum treatment device, the air in abstraction reaction still, stop the action of described turning axle and described connecting rod, open bleeder valve after 10-15 minute.
Further, described step 1) in, be less than 60% by the moisture content in the feces of livestock and poultry after equipment for separating liquid from solid process.
Further, step 2) in feces of livestock and poultry and stalk be mixed into 7:3--8:2.
Further, step 4) in, the compound in reactor accounts for 80% of reactor volume; The pressure passing into the high pressure steam in described reactor is 8-10MPa; The temperature of high pressure steam is 140-160 °.
Further, step 5) described in high pressure steam to pass into the time be 8-12 minute; Dwell time is 4-6 minute.
Further, step 6) in adopt roller to stir fertilizer and reduce temperature; Fertilizer heap slivering after stirring is piled, within every four hours, measures once temperature in heap and stir; In time piling interior temperature and be reduced to below 65 °, no longer stir, naturally cool to room temperature, final formation finished product fertilizer.
Present invention also offers a kind of system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer, comprise reactor, described reactor has the opening for feed controlled by feed valve and the discharge port controlled by bleeder valve; Turning axle is provided with along its length in described reactor; Described turning axle is double layer hollow structure, and offers the hole worn for mixing component; The side of described double layer hollow structure is provided with steam-in between internal layer, skin, and described outer field wall is provided with vapour outlet; Also comprise a connecting rod linked with described mixing component, described connecting rod is arranged in the hollow space of described turning axle; One end of described connecting rod is driven by a cam mechanism; Described mixing component also driven by described connecting rod while rotating with described turning axle and relatively described turning axle swing; Also comprise a negative pressure device, described negative pressure device seals with reactor and is communicated with.
Further, described mixing component is multiple; Multiple described mixing component is arranged at intervals on described connecting rod.
Further, mixing component described in each comprises a bright portion; The one end in described bright portion, through described hole, is fixed on described connecting rod movably.
Further, described in each, the other end in bright portion is also provided with blade; Certain gap is had between the end of described blade and the inwall of described reactor.
Further, described bright portion comprises long handle and short handle; Described long handle and described short handle are arranged at intervals on described connecting rod.
Further, described blade lean is arranged at the other end in described bright portion; The vergence direction being arranged at the described blade on described long handle is contrary with the vergence direction of the described blade be arranged on described short handle.
Further, described reactor nearside is also provided with gas-liquid separation device; One end of described gas-liquid separation device is connected to steam pipeline, and the other end is connected to described steam-in.
Further, also comprise a water oil separating device, described water oil separating device is communicated with described discharge port by liquid delivery tube.
Further, filtering net is provided with between described discharge port and described bleeder valve.
Further, described water oil separating device is provided with liquid exit along short transverse.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts feces of livestock and poultry to prepare the technique of fertilizer, because feces of livestock and poultry fully contacts with high pressure steam in reactor, by the hydrolysis function of water vapour, the molecular chain of the various high molecular polymers in feces of livestock and poultry is interrupted, make it to become the molecular weight polymers being easy to be digested and assimilated by animals and plants, improve the organic matter in fertilizer, become fertilizer and the good fertilizer of activity, improve the improving effect to soil.
Meanwhile, pass into the high pressure steam of reactor, can kill the germ in fertilizer, the harmful bacteria blocked in feces of livestock and poultry carries out the possibility propagated by biologic chain, improve the security that fertilizer uses.
Feces of livestock and poultry is by after the high-pressure water vapor process in reactor, and its surface can produce tiny hole, along with the carrying out of reaction process, this hole constantly expands, originally be included in the foul smell composition in pig manure, as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide etc. are adsorbed by this hole, thus reach the object of deodorizing.
In addition, this technique has carried out flash liberation process to the moisture in feces of livestock and poultry due to equipment for separating liquid from solid, decrease moisture content in it, be arranged at the gas-liquid separation device of reactor nearside, decrease the water-content in high pressure steam, the application of vacuum unit reduce further by the moisture content in the fertilizer of discharge port, reaches the time shortening later stage drying, shorten Production Flow Chart, reduce production cost.
Adopt above-mentioned technique, only need adjust parameter according to different step of reaction, simple to operate, level of automation is high.
In addition, a kind of system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer of the present invention, owing to passing into high pressure steam in reactor, and utilize whipping appts fully to stir material, the molecular chain of the various high molecular polymers in material is interrupted by the energy produced by the change of the water molecules in reactor, make it to become easily by molecular weight polymers that animals and plants digest and assimilate, thus the organic content in fertilizer is increased, organic matter, more easily by soil absorption, improves the improving effect to soil.Pass into the high pressure steam of reactor, can to the germ killed in fertilizer, the harmful bacteria blocked in feces of livestock and poultry carries out the possibility propagated by biologic chain, improve the security that fertilizer uses.
Adopt this device, need be only preset value according to different slot setup by the water vapour pressure in reactor, whole reaction process need the participation of manpower, simple to operate, and level of automation is high.
In addition, this device owing to being also provided with connecting rod in turning axle, this connecting rod is under the drive of cam mechanism, along length of connecting rod direction horizontal hunting, thus while mixing component is rotated under the drive of turning axle, also swing in the horizontal direction, further increase the homogeneity that material stirs in reactor, improve the quality of finished product.
Be arranged at the gas-liquid separation device of reactor nearside, improve other content entered in the high pressure steam of reactor, decrease the water-content in reacting rear material, shorten the time of material later stage drying.Be arranged at the water oil separating device of the vicinity of reactor discharge port, the water oil in reactor can be discharged in time, decrease time of drying in later stage, shorten Production Flow Chart.
Be arranged at the negative pressure device outside reactor, reduce the moisture in reacting rear material further, shorten the time of later stage dry materials, save cost.
Be described further below with reference to the technique effect of accompanying drawing to design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation, to understand object of the present invention, characteristic sum effect fully.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram that the employing feces of livestock and poultry of one embodiment of the invention prepares fertilizer.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mixing component stationary state in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is structural representation when mixing component swings to maximum position in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1 cam structure.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of technique adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer.
In embodiment one, adopt pig manure to be the preparation that raw material carries out fertilizer, the device adopted as shown in Figures 1 to 4.This device comprise equipment for separating liquid from solid (not shown), reactor 1, along reactor length direction arrange turning axle 2, be arranged at the connecting rod 3 linked with turning axle in turning axle, the mixing component 4 being fixedly arranged on connecting rod movably, negative pressure device 10 and gas-liquid separation device 11.Mixing component with turning axle rotate while also driven by connecting rod and relative rotation axi swing.
Reactor comprises opening for feed 11 and discharge port 12, and opening for feed and discharge outlet are respectively arranged with feed valve 13 and bleeder valve 14, controlling respectively by feed valve and bleeder valve with switch of opening for feed and discharge port.When throwing in material, feed valve is opened, and bleeder valve cuts out; Drop into and terminate, feed valve, feed valves are closed.
In reactor 1 along its length on be provided with turning axle 2.This turning axle 2 is double layer hollow structure, and double-deck side is provided with the steam-in 21 entered for steam between internal layer, skin.The outer field wall of turning axle is provided with the vapour outlet 22 for steam ejection.When reactor works, steam is outwards sprayed into by vapour outlet in the material in reactor.
In order to reduce the water-content in reacting rear material, be also provided with a vacuum unit 10 outside reactor, this vacuum unit seals with reactor and is communicated with.After reaction terminates, start vacuum unit, the air in abstraction reaction still, closes vacuum unit after pressurize certain hour, opens bleeder valve discharging.
Connecting rod 3 is arranged in the hollow space of turning axle 2.One end of connecting rod 3 is provided with a cam mechanism 5, and the driving mechanism (not shown) that driving cam means rotates in the horizontal direction.The two ends of connecting rod are also respectively arranged with a concave support frame 9, and concave support frame 9 matches with the profile of connecting rod 3, and the two ends of connecting rod are arranged on two concave support framves respectively, and can carry out rotating or moving horizontally by opposing female bracing frame.When cam driving structure driving cam means is rotated, drivening rod moves in the horizontal direction.The plan structure of cam mechanism as shown in Figure 4.
Connecting rod 3 is arranged at intervals with six groups of mixing components, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Each mixing component comprises bright portion and is arranged at the blade 6 of one end, bright portion.Turning axle 2 is provided with the hole 23 worn for bright portion.The one end in bright portion through this hole 23, and is fixedly arranged on connecting rod 3 by a pin 6 with the bright portion being arranged at connecting rod opposite side movably by a pin 6.Two bright portions are that rotational symmetry is arranged with connecting rod.The driving mechanism of starting cam mechanism, cam mechanism 5 rotates in the horizontal direction, drivening rod micro-swinging, thus make mixing component while rotating with turning axle, with connecting rod swing, further increase fully contacting of material and water vapor in reactor, make reaction more thorough.
Blade 6 is arranged in the mode of the certain angle that tilts between handle.The angle tilted, should ensure that blade has certain gap between the nearest one end of the inwall of reactor and the inwall of reactor.Due to the setting of blade, further increase the contact area of mixing component and material, improve stirring efficiency.
Mixing component is divided into long handle and short handle, and what the distance between the end of its Leaf and the inwall of reactor was shorter is long handle, and what the distance between the end of blade and the inwall of answering still was longer is short handle.Long handle and short handle are arranged at intervals on connecting rod.The vergence direction of long handle blade is contrary with the vergence direction of short handle blade.Namely mixing component is fixedly arranged on connecting rod movably in the mode of long handle-short handle-long handle.
Because mixing component is arranged with the mode interval of long handle, short handle, long handle, and the vergence direction of the blade of short handle end is contrary with the vergence direction of long handle end part blade, when turning axle rotates, the blade-shaped curl curve of distribution straggly, stirring efficiency improves greatly.
In order to improve the steam content in the water vapour that enters in reactor, be also provided with gas-liquid separation device 11 near the side (i.e. the nearside of reactor) of reactor.One end of gas-liquid separation device 11 is connected to steam pipeline, and the other end is connected to the steam-in place on turning axle.This gas-liquid separator is further separated the steam entered in reactor, improves the content of gas in water vapor, reduces the water-content in steam, shortens the time of later stage dry materials.
Utilize said apparatus, it is as follows with pig manure to be that the concrete steps of fertilizer prepared by raw material:
Step one, by equipment for separating liquid from solid (not shown), pig manure to be processed.Because the moisture content in pig manure is higher, time of drying in later stage is oversize.In order to shorten time of drying in later stage, before being delivered to reactor, first carry out separating treatment by equipment for separating liquid from solid to moisture wherein, the moisture content after process in pig manure is 55%.
Step 2, by process after pig manure mix with the ratio of stalk grain according to 7:3, formation compound.
Step 3, open the feed valve of reactor, by compound by tape transport in reactor 1.
Step 4, when the compound in reactor 1 accounts for 80% of reactor volume, off-response still, open gas-liquid separation device 11, high pressure steam passes in reactor 1 by steam-in 21, start turning axle 2 and connecting rod 3, turning axle 2 rotates, and connecting rod 2 swings, fully stir compound, compound fully reacts with high-pressure steam under the stirring of turning axle 2 and connecting rod 3.Wherein, the pressure passing into the high pressure steam in reactor 1 is 9MPa; The temperature of high pressure steam is 150 degree.
Because pig manure fully contacts with high pressure steam in reactor, by the hydrolysis function of water vapour, the molecular chain of the various high molecular polymers in feces of livestock and poultry is interrupted, make it to become the molecular weight polymers being easy to be digested and assimilated by plant, comprise the organism such as lipid acid, protein, amino acid, polypeptide and oligose, improve the organic matter in fertilizer.Test shows, its organic matter after process in pig manure can reach 80%, and it is 8 that N P and K total nutrient content can reach 10%, PH, and is rich in multiple medium trace element, becomes fertilizer and the good fertilizer of activity, improves the improving effect to soil.
Meanwhile, the temperature passing into reactor is the high pressure steam of 150 °, can kill the most of germ in pig manure, and the harmful bacteria blocked in pig manure carries out the possibility propagated by biologic chain, improve the security that fertilizer uses.
Pig manure is by after the high-pressure water vapor process in reactor, its surface can produce tiny hole, along with the carrying out of reaction process, this hole constantly expands, originally the foul smell composition in pig manure was included in, as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide etc. are adsorbed by this hole, eliminate the stink in pig manure raw material, thus reach the object of deodorizing.
Step 5, high pressure steam pass in reactor after 12 minutes continuously, and close high pressure steam, pressurize, to ensure that the mixture in reactor fully reacts, the content of the organic matter in further fertilizer.
Step 6, dwell time are, after 6 minutes, reduce pressure to reactor, when pressure is reduced to below 0.02MPa, open vacuum treatment device, the air in abstraction reaction still.After 10-15 minute, the action of stop the rotation axle and connecting rod, forms fertilizer, opens bleeder valve, discharging.Owing to vacuumizing process to fertilizer before discharging, reduce by the moisture content in the fertilizer of discharge port, reach the time shortening later stage drying, shorten Production Flow Chart, reduce production cost.
Step 7, fertilizer is delivered to dump, heap slivering heap, and utilizes roller (not shown) to stir fertilizer to reduce its temperature.The fertilizer moving to dump carries out further aerobic fermentation in stockyard, and the temperature in bar heap may raise due to the carrying out of fermenting process, and all each certain hours need to carry out piling interior temperature detection and stirring.
According to the design cycle of dump when stirring, stir another operation successively from an operation, and the fertilizer heap slivering after at every turn stirring is piled.Determine to detect the timed interval that in heap, temperature carrying out is stirred according to the climatic condition of locality, within the present embodiment every four hours, measure once.In time piling interior temperature and be reduced to less than 65 degree and temperature no longer rises, no longer stir, naturally cool to room temperature, form finished product fertilizer.Then granulation carried out to finished product fertilizer or directly pack warehouse-in.
In another embodiment, chicken manure is selected to be raw material, technique according to the present invention processes it, treatment process is substantially identical with embodiment one with flow process, when chicken manure water content is less than 60%, adopt organic matter in the fertilizer after this art breading to reach 80%, N P and K total nutrient content can reach 10%, PH is 6-7, and is rich in multiple medium trace element.
In other embodiments, also can select the ight soil of other livestock and poultry, such as cow dung or sheep excrement etc.
In other embodiments, 40% is less than by the moisture content in the feces of livestock and poultry after equipment for separating liquid from solid process.
In other embodiments, feces of livestock and poultry and stalk are mixed between 7:3--8:2.
In other embodiments, the pressure passing into the high pressure steam in reactor is 8-10MPa; The temperature of high pressure steam is 140-160 °.
In other embodiments, the time that passes into of reactor inner high voltage steam is 8-12 minute; Dwell time is 4-6 minute.
In other embodiments, vacuum unit also can not be selected to carry out Negative pressure to the material in reactor.
The present invention adopts feces of livestock and poultry to prepare the technique of fertilizer, because feces of livestock and poultry fully contacts with high pressure steam in reactor, by the hydrolysis function of water vapour, the molecular chain of the various high molecular polymers in feces of livestock and poultry is interrupted, make it to become the molecular weight polymers being easy to be digested and assimilated by animals and plants, improve the organic matter in fertilizer, become fertilizer and the good fertilizer of activity, improve the improving effect to soil.
Meanwhile, pass into the high pressure steam of reactor, can kill the germ in fertilizer, the harmful bacteria blocked in feces of livestock and poultry carries out the possibility propagated by biologic chain, improve the security that fertilizer uses.
Feces of livestock and poultry is by after the high-pressure water vapor process in reactor, and its surface can produce tiny hole, along with the carrying out of reaction process, this hole constantly expands, originally be included in the foul smell composition in pig manure, as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide etc. are adsorbed by this hole, thus reach the object of deodorizing.
In addition, because equipment for separating liquid from solid has carried out flash liberation process to the moisture in feces of livestock and poultry, decrease moisture content in it, be arranged at the gas-liquid separation device of reactor nearside, decrease the water-content in high pressure steam, the application of vacuum unit reduce further by the moisture content in the fertilizer of discharge port, reaches the time shortening later stage drying, shorten Production Flow Chart, reduce production cost.
Adopt this technique, only need adjust parameter according to different step of reaction, simple to operate, level of automation is high.
Present invention also offers a kind of system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer.
In embodiment 1, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, this system comprises reactor 1, the turning axle 2 that arranges along reactor length direction, is arranged at the connecting rod 3, the mixing component 4 being fixedly arranged on connecting rod movably, negative pressure device 10, gas-liquid separation device 11 and the water oil separating device 7 that link with turning axle 2 in turning axle 2.Mixing component 4 with turning axle 2 rotate while also driven by connecting rod 3 and relative rotation axi 2 swing.
Reactor comprises opening for feed 11 and discharge port 12, and opening for feed 11 and discharge port 12 place are respectively arranged with feed valve 13 and bleeder valve 14, controlling respectively by feed valve 13 and bleeder valve 14 with switch of opening for feed 11 and discharge port 12.When throwing in material, feed valve 13 is opened, and bleeder valve 14 cuts out; Drop into and terminate, feed valve 13, bleeder valve 14 are all closed.
In reactor 1 along its length on be provided with turning axle 2.This turning axle 2 is double layer hollow structure, and the side of double layer hollow structure is provided with the steam-in 21 entered for steam between internal layer, skin.The outer field wall of turning axle 2 is provided with the vapour outlet 22 for steam ejection.When reactor 1 works, steam is outwards sprayed in the material in reactor 1 by vapour outlet 22.
In order to reduce the water-content in reacting rear material, be also provided with a negative pressure device 10 outside reactor 1, this negative pressure device seals in reactor 1 and is communicated with.After reaction terminates, start negative pressure device, the air in abstraction reaction still, closes negative pressure device after pressurize certain hour, opens bleeder valve 14 discharging.
Connecting rod 3 is arranged in the hollow space of turning axle 2.One end of connecting rod 3 is provided with a cam mechanism 5, and the driving mechanism (not shown) that driving cam means rotates in the horizontal direction.The two ends of connecting rod 3 are also respectively arranged with a concave support frame 9.Concave support frame 9 matches with the profile of connecting rod 3, and connecting rod 3 can carry out rotating or moving horizontally by opposing female bracing frame 9.When cam driving structure driving cam means is rotated, drivening rod 3 moves in the horizontal direction.The plan structure of cam mechanism as shown in Figure 4.
In this specific embodiment, connecting rod 3 is arranged at intervals with six groups of mixing components, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Each mixing component comprises bright portion and is arranged at the blade 6 of one end, bright portion.Turning axle 2 is provided with the hole 23 worn for bright portion.The one end in bright portion through this hole 23, and is fixedly arranged on connecting rod 3 by a pin 6 with the bright portion being arranged at connecting rod opposite side movably by a pin 6.Two bright portions are that rotational symmetry is arranged with connecting rod.The driving mechanism of starting cam mechanism, cam mechanism 5 rotates in the horizontal direction, drivening rod micro-swinging, thus make mixing component while rotating with turning axle, with connecting rod swing, further increase fully contacting of material and water vapor in reactor, make reaction more thorough.
Blade 6 is arranged in the mode of the certain angle that tilts between handle.The angle tilted, should ensure that blade has certain gap between the nearest one end of the inwall of reactor and the inwall of reactor.Due to the setting of blade, further increase the contact area of mixing component and material, improve stirring efficiency.
Mixing component is divided into long handle and short handle, and what the distance between the end of its Leaf and the inwall of reactor was shorter is long handle, and what the distance between the end of blade and the inwall of answering still was longer is short handle.Long handle and short handle are arranged at intervals on connecting rod.The vergence direction of long handle blade is contrary with the vergence direction of short handle blade.Namely mixing component is fixedly arranged on connecting rod movably in the mode of long handle-short handle-long handle.
Because mixing component is arranged with the mode interval of long handle, short handle, long handle, and the vergence direction of the blade of short handle end is contrary with the vergence direction of long handle end part blade, when turning axle rotates, the blade-shaped curl curve of distribution straggly, stirring efficiency improves greatly.
In order to improve the steam content in the water vapour that enters in reactor, be also provided with gas-liquid separation device 11 near the side (i.e. the nearside of reactor) of reactor.One end of gas-liquid separation device 11 is connected to steam pipeline, and the other end is connected to the steam-in place on turning axle.This gas-liquid separator is further separated the steam entered in reactor, improves the content of gas in water vapor, reduces the water-content in steam, shortens the time of later stage dry materials.
In order to discharge the moisture in reactor in time, outside discharge port, be also provided with a water oil separating device 7, the liquid in reactor is entered in water oil separating device 7 by liquid delivery tube.In order to avoid solid materials blocks liquid delivery tube, discharge outlet is provided with filtering net 8.
Owing to containing a large amount of grease in carcase, in order to the separating of oil program of the water simplifying the later stage, along water oil separating device certain altitude, place is provided with liquid exit 71, when the amount of liquid in tripping device is to certain altitude, grease wherein flows out from liquid exit 71, reaches the object that water is separating of oil.
In the present embodiment, the raw material preparing fertilizer can be feces of livestock and poultry, also can be other organic waste, such as carcase etc.During the process lower material of water-content, close the switch-valve on water oil separating device.
In other embodiments, cam mechanism also can adopt other structural shape, such as eccentric wheel structure etc., as long as ensure can make to move back and forth before and after connecting rod.
In other embodiments, mixing component also can single separate connection on connecting rod.
A kind of system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer of the present invention, owing to passing into high pressure steam in reactor, and utilize whipping appts fully to stir material, the molecular chain of the various high molecular polymers in material is interrupted by the energy produced by the change of the water molecules in reactor, make it to become easily by molecular weight polymers that animals and plants digest and assimilate, thus the organic content in fertilizer is increased, organic matter, more easily by soil absorption, improves the improving effect to soil.Pass into the high pressure steam of reactor, can to the germ killed in fertilizer, the harmful bacteria blocked in feces of livestock and poultry carries out the possibility propagated by biologic chain, improve the security that fertilizer uses.
Adopt this device, need be only preset value according to different slot setup by the water vapour pressure in reactor, whole reaction process need the participation of manpower, simple to operate, and level of automation is high.
In addition, owing to being also provided with connecting rod in turning axle, this connecting rod is under the drive of cam mechanism, along length of connecting rod direction horizontal hunting, thus while mixing component is rotated under the drive of turning axle, also swing in the horizontal direction, further increase the homogeneity that material stirs in reactor, improve the quality of finished product.
Be arranged at the gas-liquid separation device of reactor nearside, improve the gas content entered in the high pressure steam of reactor, decrease the water-content in reacting rear material, shorten the time of material later stage drying.Be arranged at the water oil separating device of the vicinity of reactor discharge port, the water oil in reactor can be discharged in time, decrease time of drying in later stage, shorten Production Flow Chart.
Be arranged at the negative pressure device outside reactor, reduce the moisture in reacting rear material further, shorten the time of later stage dry materials, save cost.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just design according to the present invention can make many modifications and variations without the need to creative work.Therefore, all technician in the art, all should by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (10)
1. adopt feces of livestock and poultry to prepare a technique for fertilizer, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: 1) by equipment for separating liquid from solid, feces of livestock and poultry is processed; 2) feces of livestock and poultry after process is mixed with stalk, form compound; 3) described compound is delivered in reactor; 4) close described reactor, open gas-liquid separation device, high pressure steam passes in described reactor by steam-in; Start turning axle and connecting rod, turning axle is rotated, connecting rod swing, fully stir compound, the compound in reactor accounts for 80% of reactor volume; The pressure passing into the high pressure steam in described reactor is 8-10MPa; The temperature of high pressure steam is 140-160 °; 5) described high pressure steam passes into the time is 8-12 minute, reaction certain hour; Close described gas-liquid separation device, pressurize, when pressure is reduced to below 0.02MPa, to through step 5) described reactor after pressurize reduces pressure, open vacuum treatment device and do vacuum processing step, extract the air in described reactor, after 10-15 minute, stop the swing of the rotation of described turning axle and described connecting rod, open bleeder valve; Dwell time is 4-6 minute; 6) stop the swing of the rotation of described turning axle and described connecting rod, open bleeder valve, the fertilizer through pressurize process is delivered to dump; 7) fertilizer is stirred lower temperature.
2. the as claimed in claim 1 technique adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer, is characterized in that, step 6) in adopt roller to stir fertilizer to reduce temperature; Fertilizer heap slivering after stirring is piled, within every four hours, measures once temperature in heap and stir; In time piling interior temperature and be reduced to below 65 °, no longer stir, naturally cool to room temperature, final formation finished product fertilizer.
3. adopt feces of livestock and poultry to prepare a system for fertilizer, comprise reactor, described reactor has the opening for feed controlled by feed valve and the discharge port controlled by bleeder valve; Turning axle is provided with along its length in described reactor; It is characterized in that: described turning axle is double layer hollow structure, and offer the hole worn for mixing component; The side of described double layer hollow structure is provided with steam-in between internal layer, skin, and described outer field wall is provided with vapour outlet; Also comprise a connecting rod linked with described mixing component, described connecting rod is arranged in the hollow space of described turning axle; One end of described connecting rod is driven by a cam mechanism; Described mixing component also driven by described connecting rod while rotating with described turning axle and relatively described turning axle swing; Also comprise a negative pressure device, described negative pressure device seals with reactor and is communicated with.
4. the system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, mixing component described in each comprises a bright portion; The one end in described bright portion, through described hole, is fixed on described connecting rod movably; Described in each, the other end in bright portion is also provided with blade; Certain gap is had between the end of described blade and the inwall of described reactor.
5. the system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described bright portion comprises long handle and short handle; Described long handle and described short handle are arranged at intervals on described connecting rod.
6. the system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described blade lean is arranged at the other end in described bright portion; The vergence direction being arranged at the described blade on described long handle is contrary with the vergence direction of the described blade be arranged on described short handle.
7. the employing feces of livestock and poultry as described in any one of claim 3 to 6 prepares the system of fertilizer, it is characterized in that, described reactor nearside is also provided with gas-liquid separation device; One end of described gas-liquid separation device is connected to steam pipeline, and the other end is connected to described steam-in.
8. the system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, also comprise a water oil separating device, described water oil separating device is communicated with described discharge port by liquid delivery tube.
9. the system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described water oil separating device is provided with liquid exit along short transverse.
10. the system adopting feces of livestock and poultry to prepare fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, be provided with filtering net between described discharge port and described bleeder valve.
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| CN105985002A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-10-05 | 徐州市沅和牧业有限责任公司 | Manure dewaterer for pig farms |
| CN107056343A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 运嘉（江苏）环保科技有限公司 | Subcritical water circular treatment feces of livestock and poultry, dead livestock and poultry, slaughterhouse leftover pieces technique |
| CN108299032A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-07-20 | 吉林大学 | A method of quickly preparing organic fertilizer |
| CN108424435A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-21 | 梁红光 | The production method of keratoprotein nutrient solution and dedicated reaction kettle |
| CN108675843A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-10-19 | 河北省农业机械化研究所有限公司 | A kind of production system producing fertilizer using feces of livestock and poultry |
| CN110054512A (en) * | 2019-04-27 | 2019-07-26 | 占学宽 | A kind of poultry excrement and urine disposal system |
| CN110627334A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-31 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Harmless recovery and treatment equipment for poultry excrement |
| CN113773124A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 红河锦东化工股份有限公司 | High-temperature sterilization activation kettle for producing active humic acid organic fertilizer |
| CN114249611A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-03-29 | 山东聚义兴生物工程有限公司 | Small-molecule organic protein fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114249611A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-03-29 | 山东聚义兴生物工程有限公司 | Small-molecule organic protein fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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