CN104556149A - 一种Zr2CN的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种Zr2CN的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN104556149A
CN104556149A CN201310513108.6A CN201310513108A CN104556149A CN 104556149 A CN104556149 A CN 104556149A CN 201310513108 A CN201310513108 A CN 201310513108A CN 104556149 A CN104556149 A CN 104556149A
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王榕林
王力任
卜景龙
张利芳
王志发
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Hebei United University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种Zr2CN的合成方法,属于高温陶瓷材料领域。为了对Zr2CN材料的性能及其应用进行深入研究,克服对Zr2CN认知还仅限于由离子溅射方法所制备的ZrCN复合薄膜及其对薄膜性能的贡献问题,提供一种Zr2CN的合成方法。该方法以单斜氧化锆和炭黑为原料,经过配料、混合、成型、干燥及在高纯氮气(氮气纯度为:N2>99.99%)条件下煅烧获得Zr2CN合成材料。本发明可合成出纯度较高的Zr2CN材料,在流动的高纯氮气气氛及1650℃恒温5小时的煅烧条件下,当单斜氧化锆与炭黑的摩尔比为1:4时,ZrO2的转化反应趋于完全,可合成出含量约为100%的Zr2CN。

Description

一种Zr2CN的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于高温陶瓷材料领域,具体涉及一种以氧化锆和炭黑为原料在高温氮气条件下反应合成Zr2CN的方法。
背景技术
一些过渡金属元素的碳化物、氮化物和氮碳化物,因其具有许多热学、力学和化学等方面的优良特性而获得广泛关注。其中,氮化锆(ZrN)材料、氮碳化锆(ZrC,N)系复合材料及其薄膜,是近年来的研究热点之一。
在金属Zr的氮化物中ZrN是唯一稳定的物相,因其具有金属能带结构而呈现黄金色泽。ZrN具有许多优良的性能,如高熔点、高热导率、低蠕变、抗侵蚀、高化学稳定、极高硬度、极耐磨损、极低电阻率、抗氧化以及电光特性等,因而国内外学者对其应用进行了深入研究并取得了丰硕成果。目前,ZrN薄膜可用作各种切削工具和机零部件的硬质耐磨保护层,可用作太阳能的反光层,可用作装饰材料;ZrN陶瓷可用作加工铸铁、碳素热处理钢、硬质钢以及硅铝合金等硬质合金材料的切削工具,可用作各种电子电工制品,可用作高温环境使用的内燃机、燃气轮机以及强腐蚀性环境下的机零部件,可用作特种耐磨截止阀以及功能性耐火材料等。另外,由于ZrN具有极低的电阻率和良好的耐热性,使其在激光器和超导器方面有着重要的应用。显然,ZrN薄膜和ZrN粉体的制备与合成技术是其应用基础。目前,ZrN薄膜的制备可采用电弧沉积、直流反应磁控溅射、脉冲激光沉积和离子束辅助沉积等方法;ZrN粉体的合成可采用金属Zr直接氮化、氯化锆气相沉积、ZrH2脱氢氮化和自蔓延燃烧等方法。
最新研究结果表明,由Zr-基氮化物薄膜引入第三种元素C所制备出的ZrCN复合薄膜,可使其性能获得进一步提高。该薄膜可提高器件的疲劳寿命和机械性能,而且将其涂布在侵入性手术刀具上,与人体组织具有良好的生物相容性。对ZrCN复合薄膜所进行的XRD分析结果显示,除了含有ZrN和ZrC等二元化合物外,其中还形成了三元化合物Zr2CN。特别引人注目的是,Zr2CN具有比ZrN和ZrC更高的显微硬度。
然而,目前人们对Zr2CN材料的认知,还仅限于由离子溅射方法所制备的ZrCN复合薄膜及其对薄膜性能的贡献,有关Zr2CN的合成、Zr2CN陶瓷的制备与性能等方面的研究未见报道。
本发明的目的在于克服对Zr2CN材料研究和认知上的不足,提供一种合成Zr2CN的方法,为Zr2CN材料的应用研究奠定基础。
发明内容
一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所采用的原料以及原料的摩尔百分比为:氧化锆20-40mol%、炭黑60-80mol%。其合成工艺包括以下步骤:坯料制备;坯体成型;坯体干燥;高温煅烧。
该Zr2CN合成所用氧化锆为:单斜氧化锆(m-ZrO2);单斜氧化锆的粒径为<74μm,单斜氧化锆的纯度为ZrO2≥99%。
该Zr2CN合成所用炭黑为:纳米炭黑;炭黑粒径为<100nm,炭黑纯度为挥发份<10%。
该Zr2CN合成所用坯料的制备方法为:按预定的摩尔百分比,将氧化锆细粉和炭黑准确称量,干混2~4分钟后加入适量的无水乙醇,湿法混合4~6小时后获得坯料料浆;经抽滤脱除坯料料浆中的无水乙醇,获得坯料混合粉;在不断翻搅混合的状态下向坯料混合粉中逐滴加入质量浓度2%的聚乙烯醇溶液(PVA)10%~13%(质量百分数,外加),继续翻搅混合10~20分钟后进行密封困料,经3~5小时困料后获得可供压力成型的坯料。
该Zr2CN合成所用坯体的成型方法为:采用液压机将上述混合均匀并经困料的坯料成型为坯体,坯体成型压强为≥50MPa。
该Zr2CN合成所用坯体的干燥方法为:将成型后坯体在60~110℃条件下干燥4~6小时,获得供烧成的干燥坯体。
该Zr2CN合成所用高温煅烧方法为:将干燥后坯体置于高温气氛电炉中的均温带,密封电炉并进行抽真空操作,然后通入高纯氮气(氮气纯度为:N2>99.99%),在动态氮气气氛下,按室温~1000℃为5℃/min、1000~1700℃为3℃/min的升温制度进行加热升温,经1550~1700℃恒温3~6小时高温煅烧后,随炉冷却获得Zr2CN合成材料。
附图说明
图1是具体实施方式实施例1得到的Zr2CN合成材料的XRD图;
图2是具体实施方式实施例2得到的Zr2CN合成材料的XRD图;
图3是具体实施方式实施例3得到的Zr2CN合成材料的XRD图;
图4是具体实施方式实施例3得到的Zr2CN合成材料的SEM图;
图5是具体实施方式实施例3得到的Zr2CN合成材料的SEM-EDS图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
配料组成:m-ZrO2粉33.3mol%2,炭黑粉66.7mol%。
按预定的摩尔百分比,将氧化锆细粉和炭黑准确称量,干混3分钟后加入适量的无水乙醇,湿法混合5小时后获得坯料料浆;经抽滤脱除坯料料浆的中无水乙醇,获得坯料混合粉;在不断翻搅混合的状态下向坯料混合粉中逐滴加入质量浓度2%的聚乙烯醇溶液(PVA)12%(质量百分数,外加),继续翻搅混合15分钟后进行密封困料,经5小时困料后获得可供压力成型的坯料;采用60MPa的压力于液压机上将坯料成型为坯体;将成型后坯体于100℃条件下干燥5小时,获得供煅烧的干燥坯体;将干燥后坯体置于高温气氛电炉中的均温带,密封电炉并进行抽真空操作,然后通入高纯氮气(氮气纯度为:N2>99.99%),在动态氮气气氛下,按室温~1000℃为5℃/min、1000~1600℃为3℃/min的升温制度进行加热升温,经1600℃恒温4小时高温煅烧后,随炉冷却获得Zr2CN合成材料。
本实施例合成的Zr2CN材料中Zr2CN含量约为90.8%。
实施例2
配料组成:m-ZrO2粉25mol%2,炭黑粉75mol%。
按预定的质量百分比,将氧化锆细粉和炭黑准确称量,干混3分钟后加入适量的无水乙醇,湿法混合5小时后获得坯料料浆;经抽滤脱除坯料料浆中无水乙醇,获得坯料混合粉;在不断翻搅混合的状态下向坯料混合粉中逐滴加入质量浓度2%的聚乙烯醇溶液(PVA)12%(质量百分数,外加),继续翻搅混合15分钟后进行密封困料,经5小时困料后获得可供压力成型的坯料;采用60MPa的压力于液压机上将坯料成型为坯体;将成型后坯体于100℃条件下干燥5小时,获得供烧成的干燥坯体;将干燥后坯体置于高温气氛电炉中的均温带,密封电炉并进行抽真空操作,然后通入高纯氮气(氮气纯度为:N2>99.99%),在动态氮气气氛下,按室温~1000℃为5℃/min、1000~1650℃为3℃/min的升温制度进行加热升温,经1650℃恒温5小时高温煅烧,随炉冷却后获得Zr2CN合成材料。
本实施例合成的Zr2CN材料中Zr2CN含量约为99.8%。
实施例3
配料组成:m-ZrO2粉20mol%2,炭黑粉80mol%。
按预定的质量百分比,将氧化锆细粉和炭黑准确称量,干混3分钟后加入适量的无水乙醇,湿法混合5小时后获得坯料料浆;经抽滤脱除坯料料浆中无水乙醇,获得坯料混合粉;在不断翻搅混合的状态下向坯料混合粉中逐滴加入质量浓度2%的聚乙烯醇溶液(PVA)12%(质量百分数,外加),继续翻搅混合15分钟后进行密封困料,经5小时困料后获得可供压力成型的坯料;采用60MPa的压力于液压机上将坯料成型为坯体;将成型后坯体于100℃条件下干燥5小时,获得供烧成的干燥坯体;将干燥后坯体置于高温气氛电炉中的均温带,密封电炉并进行抽真空操作,然后通入高纯氮气(氮气纯度为:N2>99.99%),在动态氮气气氛下,按室温~1000℃为5℃/min、1000~1650℃为3℃/min的升温制度进行加热升温,经1650℃恒温5小时高温煅烧,随炉冷却后获得Zr2CN合成材料。
本实施例合成的Zr2CN材料中Zr2CN含量约为100%。

Claims (7)

1.一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所采用的原料以及原料的摩尔百分比为:氧化锆20-40mol%、炭黑60-80mol%。其合成工艺包括以下步骤:坯料制备;坯体成型;坯体干燥;高温煅烧。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所用氧化锆为:粒径<74μm、纯度为ZrO2≥99%的单斜氧化锆(m-ZrO2)。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所用炭黑为:粒径<100nm、纯度为挥发份<10%的纳米炭黑。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所用坯料的制备方法为:按预定的摩尔百分比,将氧化锆细粉和炭黑准确称量,干混2~4分钟后加入适量的无水乙醇,湿法混合4~6小时后获得坯料料浆;经抽滤脱除坯料料浆中无水乙醇,获得坯料混合粉;在不断翻搅混合的状态下向坯料混合粉中逐滴加入质量浓度2%的聚乙烯醇溶液(PVA)10-13%(质量百分数,外加),继续翻搅混合10~20分钟后进行密封困料,经3~5小时困料后获得可供压力成型的坯料。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所用坯体的成型方法为:采用液压机将上述混合均匀并经困料的坯料成型为坯体,坯体成型压强为≥50MPa。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所用坯体的干燥方法为:将成型后坯体在60~110℃条件下干燥4~6小时,获得供烧成的干燥坯体。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种Zr2CN的合成方法,其特征在于所用高温煅烧方法为:将干燥后坯体置于高温气氛电炉中的均温带,密封电炉并进行抽真空操作,然后通入高纯氮气(氮气纯度为:N2>99.99%),在动态氮气气氛下,按室温~1000℃为5℃/min、1000~1700℃为3℃/min的升温制度进行加热升温,经1550~1700℃恒温3~6小时高温煅烧后,随炉冷却获得Zr2CN合成材料。所用高温气氛电炉为:管式高温气氛电炉、或箱式高温气氛电炉。
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