CN104548471A - 一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法 - Google Patents

一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法 Download PDF

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CN104548471A
CN104548471A CN201310480655.9A CN201310480655A CN104548471A CN 104548471 A CN104548471 A CN 104548471A CN 201310480655 A CN201310480655 A CN 201310480655A CN 104548471 A CN104548471 A CN 104548471A
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Prior art keywords
potassium cyanide
toxic
solution
treatment method
nontoxic
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胡军
王满贵
周青
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DONGGANG ANTIMONY PRODUCT Co Ltd HUNAN PROV
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DONGGANG ANTIMONY PRODUCT Co Ltd HUNAN PROV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
    • A62D2101/45—Inorganic substances containing nitrogen or phosphorus

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其方法是先将含氰化钾的溶液加入氢氧化钠溶液，调pH值，使PH>12；接着在上述溶液中加入适量的硫酸亚铁；充分搅拌，生成无毒的亚铁氰化钾。本方法利用络合反应，将主要起毒副作用的游离态氰基(CN-)，络合成（Fe（CN）64-）4+一个基团，使其失去活性，以无游离态的氰基存在，从而实现了无毒化。

Description

一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法
  
技术领域
本发明涉及到剧毒物氰化钾的无毒处理的方法，具体的说，是涉及到将剧毒物氰化钾转化成无毒的铁氰化钾的一种处理方法。 
背景技术
氰化钾为白色或灰色粉末状结晶，有微弱的氰化氢（苦杏仁）气味的无机剧毒品，主要用于提炼金、银等贵重金属和淬火，并用于塑料、农药、医药、染料等有机合成业。 
氰化钾剧毒物品，人口服致死量约为1∽2mg/kg。它的毒性作用是在体内释放氰基(CN-)，与氧化型细胞色素氧化酶的Fe3+结合，使细胞色素失去传递电子能力，使呼吸链中断。出现细胞内窒息引起组织缺氧而事毒。 
根据国家二类排放标准（GB8978-1996）规定，总氰化物排放一级标准为浓度为不大于0.5mg/L。公司化验室氰化钾废液浓度已超出了工业废水允许排放浓度，因此必须进行处理后方可排放。 
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种用化学方法处理 
氰化钾无毒的方法。
为解决该技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是： 
    一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其步骤是：
(1)将含氰化钾的溶液加入氢氧化钠溶液，调pH值，使pH>12；
(2)接着在上述溶液中加入适量的硫酸亚铁；
（3）充分搅拌，生成无毒的亚铁氰化钾。
    所述步骤1中的pH=13。 
    所述氰化钾溶液浓度为0.2g/l-1.0g/l。 
    所述硫酸亚铁的浓度为2%。 
所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2%。 
本发明的有益效果是： 
    本发明采用化学处理法处理氰化钾，采用络合法，使CN-失去活性。
反应原理：氰化钾的剧毒主要是游离的氰基。本方法利用络合反应，将主要起毒副作用的游离态氰基(CN-)，络合成（Fe（CN）64-）4+一个基团，使其失去活性，以无游离态的氰基存在，从而实现了无毒化。 
    化学反应式：FeSO4+6KCN=K4[Fe(CN)6]+K2SO4。 
具体实施方式
实施例1 
取0.2g/l氰化钾溶液100ml，加入2%的氢氧化钠溶液10ml，调pH值至12.8，充分搅拌；加入2%的硫酸亚铁39ml,充分搅拌，生成无毒的亚铁氰化钾。溶液成墨绿色。用0.01∽0.1%CN-根浓度测试纸测不出CN-根的存在。
实施例2 
取0.5g/l氰化钾溶液100ml，加入2%的氢氧化钠溶液10ml，调pH值至13,充分搅拌；加入2%的硫酸亚铁97ml,充分搅拌，生成无毒的亚铁氰化钾，溶液成墨绿色。用0.01∽0.1%CN-根浓度测试纸测不出CN-根的存在。
实施例3 
取1.0g/l氰化钾溶液100ml，加入2%的氢氧化钠溶液10ml，调pH值至13.2，充分搅拌；加入2%的硫酸亚铁195ml,充分搅拌，生成无毒的亚铁氰化钾，溶液成墨绿色。用0.01∽0.1%CN-根浓度测试纸测不出CN-根的存在。
实验数据 

Claims (5)

1.一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其步骤是：
(1)将含氰化钾的溶液加入氢氧化钠溶液，调pH值，使pH>12；
(2)接着在上述溶液中加入适量的硫酸亚铁；
（3）充分搅拌，生成无毒的亚铁氰化钾。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其特征是：所述步骤1中的pH=13。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其特征是：氰化钾溶液浓度为0.2g/l-1.0g/l。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其特征是：所述硫酸亚铁的浓度为2%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法，其特征是：所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2%。
CN201310480655.9A 2013-10-15 2013-10-15 一种氰化钾无毒处理的方法 Pending CN104548471A (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB144398A (en) * 1919-03-14 1920-06-14 John James Hood Improvements in the recovery of cyanogen from coal gas
GB250824A (en) * 1925-09-18 1926-04-22 Jean Denis Improved process of treating waste liquors containing cyanogen compounds
US3864453A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-02-04 Degussa Process for the production of alkali ferrocyanide
CN1562751A (zh) * 2004-04-05 2005-01-12 张中富 一种以氰化钠为原料生产亚铁氰化钠的工艺控制技术
CN101811806A (zh) * 2010-04-29 2010-08-25 华南理工大学 一种电镀工业混合废水的处理方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB144398A (en) * 1919-03-14 1920-06-14 John James Hood Improvements in the recovery of cyanogen from coal gas
GB250824A (en) * 1925-09-18 1926-04-22 Jean Denis Improved process of treating waste liquors containing cyanogen compounds
US3864453A (en) * 1972-03-27 1975-02-04 Degussa Process for the production of alkali ferrocyanide
CN1562751A (zh) * 2004-04-05 2005-01-12 张中富 一种以氰化钠为原料生产亚铁氰化钠的工艺控制技术
CN101811806A (zh) * 2010-04-29 2010-08-25 华南理工大学 一种电镀工业混合废水的处理方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M.D.阿当斯: "使用硫酸亚铁除去水溶液中的氰化物", 《国外金属矿选矿》 *
熊正为: "硫酸亚铁法处理电镀含氰废水的试验研究", 《湖南科技学院学报》 *

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