CN104538490B - 一种基于卷曲半导体薄膜的高灵敏度光电探测器件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于卷曲半导体薄膜的高灵敏度光电探测器件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于微纳器件技术领域,具体为一种基于半导体薄膜的高灵敏度光电探测器件及其制备方法。制备方法包括:在衬底上制备有机物牺牲层、半导体薄膜功能层,并且通过沉积参数的控制,使薄膜弯曲成管道结构;在管道结构上制备金属电极。将该结构置于光学辐射环境中,由于管状结构光学微腔中存在着谐振模式,可以显著增强半导体薄膜的光学吸收,从而得到高灵敏度的光电探测器件。该探测器件无角度依赖,灵敏度高,制备方便,在光电转换,夜视成像,环境监测,太空探测等领域具有重要的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微纳器件技术领域,具体涉及一种光电探测器件及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种由半导体薄膜构成的光电导型探测器件及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,光电信息转换以及民用光纤通信等领域技术的发展对光电探测材料及器件提出了越来越苛刻的要求:人们比以往任何时候都迫切需要具有高可靠度、高响应速率、低噪声、特别是具有更高灵敏度、轻薄短小的光探测器件。而随着低维材料的迅猛发展,微纳结构光电探测器的研发十分活跃。光电子器件尤其是半导体电子器件及其集成在高速率、大容量信息应用领域中发挥不可替代的关键作用,是光信息技术发展的基础。
随着微纳加工工艺的发展,可以过滤和限制特定波长的光波,将能量集中在特定波长的光学谐振腔受到了广泛关注,因为其在基础理论研究和实际应用上如光电子学和集成光学等方面都展示了重要的价值(D. K.
Armani, et al., Nature (London) 421, 925 (2003).)。而其中利用管道结构构成的光学微腔相比于传统微腔,具有结构简单,制作容易,性能优良等特点,可作为光流体器件应用在芯片实验室(Lab
on a chip)等系统上。在这种管状光学微腔中,光在管壁/介质界面处的全反射,使得光波可以在其环状截面中传播并与自身干涉构成稳定的驻波,这种情况的光学模式被称为回音壁模式(Whispering
Gallery Mode)。处于这种光学谐振模式下,只有特定波长的光波可以在该管状结构中传播,其波长被称为谐振波长(H.
Zhu, et al., Opt. Express 15, 9139 (2007).)。利用这种谐振增强效应制备的光探测器件具有易于之辈二维阵列,实现集发射接收一体化以及高密度光电集成的优点,近年来研究进展十分迅速。谐振腔增强型光电探测器特有的波长选择性,高量子效率和高响应速度兼容的优点,成为波长选择应用中接受器件的强有力竞争者。
有鉴于此,本发明提出了一种新的构建光电探测器件的方法。本发明中,多层半导体薄膜被沉积到图形化的有机物牺牲层上作为功能层,并且通过沉积参数的改变引入预应力梯度。在利用有机溶剂或其他腐蚀材料去掉牺牲层后,半导体薄膜在预应力梯度作用下弯曲成管道结构。将该管道结构加上电极作为光电探测器件。将其置于光辐射环境中,由于光学谐振作用,可以观察到在某些特定波段的吸收增强,并且其增强波段可以通过改变管道结构的几何尺寸来调节。除此以外,由于该探测器具有管状的几何结构,其轴对称特性避免了传统光学探测器明显的入射角度依赖行为。该探测器件灵敏度高,制备方便,在光通信,红外探测等方面具有重要的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种效率较高,工艺简便的光电探测器件及其制备方法。
本发明提供的光电探测器件由下述方法制备得到,图1为制备流程图示(截面图),具体制备步骤如下:
(1)在衬底上按顺序沉积牺牲层和半导体薄膜功能层,如图1(a)所示;
(2)利用光刻将牺牲层和功能层制备成所需图形,如图1(b)所示;
(3)使用化学方法腐蚀掉底部牺牲层,释放半导体薄膜,在预应力梯度作用下,薄膜弯曲成管道结构,如图1(c)所示;
(4)在管道结构内外表面沉积上电极(如图1d所示),之后进行加固封装。
本发明中,步骤(1)使用的衬底材料为光学石英片、硅片或蓝宝石片等。
本发明中,步骤(1)所用的半导体薄膜材料为GaAs,硅,或锗等。
本发明中,步骤(1)所用的牺牲层材料包括但不限于PMMA、光刻胶,si-GaAs等。
本发明中,步骤(1)使用的功能层可以为硅,锗,或者包含多个周期的InGaAs量子阱。功能层可以为双层或多层,每层厚度在5~100nm。
本发明中,步骤(1)中沉积牺牲层的方法可采用旋涂,电子束蒸发,或分子束外延等。
本发明中,步骤(1)中沉积半导体薄膜的方法可采用物理气相沉积法或化学气相沉积法等。
本发明中,步骤(2)中光刻的图形可以是条状,圆形,或块状等。
本发明中,步骤(3)中腐蚀使用的腐蚀剂可以是丙酮、氢氟酸或者重铬酸钾等。
本发明中,由步骤(3)得到的管道结构,其直径为1-100 μm,长度为20-1000 μm。其管道结构直径可通过控制半导体薄膜厚度来调节。
本发明中,步骤(4)使用的电极沉积方法主要使用物理气相沉积法,所使用的金属电极材料可以是金、银或铝等。
本发明中,步骤(4)中可以利用原子层沉积技术,在其表面沉积一层厚度为10~500nm
的Al2O3或HfO2,进行表面修饰和加固处理。
理论计算和相关实验结果表明,按上述方法制备的光电吸收探测器,可以充分利用管道结构中存在的光学回音廊模式带来的场增强效应,显著提高光电探测的灵敏度,其轴对称特性避免了传统光学探测器明显的入射角度依赖行为。该探测器的工作波长在可见光和红外波段,无角度依赖,灵敏度高,制备方便,在光电转换,夜视成像,环境监测,太空探测等领域具有重要的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备光电探测器件中管道微腔步骤图示(截面图)。其中,(a)为在衬底2上沉积牺牲层3和功能薄膜2;(b)表示对薄膜2进行光刻之后的结果;(c)去掉牺牲层3后,被释放的功能薄膜2在预应力梯度作用下卷曲形成管道结构;(d)在管状结构内外表面沉积上电极。
图2为本发明中光电探测器件工作状态示意图。该器件中,管道结构4被置于光源6下,通过电学测试仪器7测试其光电响应。
图3为利用不同厚度半导体薄膜制备的管道结构的光学显微图片。管道结构的直径在10-50
μm不等。
图4为由GaAs量子阱薄膜卷曲而成的管道结构的红外吸收谱,与薄膜结构相比,对红外的吸收效率有很大提高,尤其是在满足谐振条件的波长处,吸收有明显增强。
图中标号:1. 衬底;2. 牺牲层;3. 半导体薄膜;4. 管道结构(光学微腔);5. 电极;6. 光源;7. 电学测试设备。
具体实施方式
以下通过实例进一步对本发明进行描述。
实施例 1 双层硅薄膜构成的管道结构的制备。
(1)在 SOI 顶层使用电子束蒸发镀上一层绝缘材料,然后再生长一层多晶硅。
(2)在样品表面光刻出方形图案。
(3)光刻完成后使用氢氟酸腐蚀去除底层二氧化硅,释放出双层硅薄膜,使其卷曲形成多层管状结构。
(4)在管状结构内外使用电子束蒸发和Shadow
Mask掩模版沉积金属电极。
(5)利用 ALD 在管状结构上沉积50nm厚度的HfO2,用于提高其力学强度,同时可以增强光学谐振。
(6)得到高灵敏度的探测器件。
实施例 2 InGaAs多量子阱薄膜构成的红外探测器件的制备。
(1)对沉积了牺牲层和量子阱薄膜的基板进行清洗,再用氮气吹干,准备光刻。
(2)首先把样品在90℃下烘15分钟(前烘),然后使用AZ1500(4400转,30秒)光刻显影后,再在110℃下烘30分钟(后烘)。配制重铬酸钾溶液(29.4g 重铬酸钾溶于200ml去离子水)对样品进行腐蚀,之后用乙醇溶液清洗,再转入丙酮溶液中去除光刻胶。
(3)之后将光刻好的薄膜置于腐蚀溶液中,在显微镜下观察薄膜释放的情况。
(4)使用物理气相沉积的方法在管道结构上蒸上电极,然后在薄膜内外表面扎针测量器件在红外光源下的电学响应。
实施例 3 多层锗薄膜光电探测器的制备。
(1)在硅基底上旋涂上一层光刻胶,然后光刻成圆形阵列。
(2)在光刻胶阵列上交替外延生长出多层锗和多层氧化硅结构。
(3)使用丙酮溶解掉底部的光刻胶牺牲层,释放出多层锗半导体薄膜。它会由于层与层之间的应力差自动卷曲为管状结构。
(4)在基板和管壁上沉积金属,作为光电测试时候的电极。
(5)使用 ALD 进一步加固结构,进行封装,得到高灵敏度的光电探测器件。
Claims (11)
1. 一种基于半导体薄膜的高灵敏度光电探测器件制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)在基底上按顺序沉积牺牲层和作为功能层的半导体薄膜;
(2)利用光刻将半导体薄膜图形化成特定的图形;
(3)使用化学腐蚀的方法去除牺牲层,释放薄膜;在预应力梯度作用下,薄膜弯曲成管道结构;
(4)在管道结构内外表面沉积上用于信号检测的电极,进行后续加固封装。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)使用的基底材料为光学石英片、硅片或蓝宝石片。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)使用的沉积牺牲层的方法是旋涂,电子束蒸发,或分子束外延。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所用的牺牲层材料为PMMA、光刻胶或si-GaAs。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述功能层为多层,每层厚度在5~100nm。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述的沉积半导体薄膜的方法是物理气相沉积法或化学气相沉积法。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中光刻的图形是条状,圆形,或块状。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中腐蚀使用的腐蚀剂是丙酮、氢氟酸或者重铬酸钾。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于由步骤(3)得到的管道结构,其直径为1-100 μm,长度为20-1000 μm;管道结构直径通过控制半导体薄膜厚度来调节。
10. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中使用的电极沉积方法为物理气相沉积法,所使用的金属电极材料是金、银或铝。
11. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中沉积电极采用原子层沉积技术,沉积一层厚度为10~500nm 的Al2O3或HfO2,进行表面修饰和加固处理。
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