CN104535647A - Prediction apparatus for sound absorption and insulation performance of multilayer material and method - Google Patents
Prediction apparatus for sound absorption and insulation performance of multilayer material and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A prediction apparatus for sound absorption and insulation performance of a multilayer material and a method are disclosed and relate to the field of testing of sound absorption and insulation performance of materials. The apparatus comprises an impedance tube with a built-in to-be tested single-layer material, a microphone group, a power amplifier, a data acquisition device, a computer and a loudspeaker. The method comprises: firstly testing the sound absorption and insulation performance of a single-layer material; testing the transfer function matrixes of other single-layer materials, and storing in a database; and utilizing the transfer function matrixes of the single-layer materials to calculate the sound absorption and insulation performance of the multi-layer material. According to the technical scheme, a four pole network theory is firstly utilized for testing the transfer function of the single-layer materials, and then the transfer function matrixes of the single-layer materials are utilized for directly obtaining the sound absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of the multi-layer material. The method is easy to realize and convenient to operate, also is high in testing precision, makes up insufficiency of impedance tube testing, and is widely applicable to noise optimization control of multiple fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material sound absorption performance test field, particularly a kind of multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device and method.
Background technology
Along with development and the growth in the living standard of society, the noise requirements of people to the vehicles, home appliance, living environment is more and more stricter.As the most effective means of control high-frequency noises, sound absorption material plays the part of important role in fields such as car acpistocs packaging, architectural acoustics, household electrical appliances Noise measarement always.Compared with monolayer material, the acoustical behavior of multilayer material is more excellent, is therefore more and more applied.
The performance test methods of acoustical material mainly contains Reverberation room method and impedance tube method, and wherein impedance tube method is more applied because its equipment is simple, easy to operate.But the impedance tube that current each Test Devices Inc. produces all limits to some extent to the thickness of test sample, causes some multilayer material that impedance tube cannot be utilized to test.And in acoustical material Optimization Work, often need carry out permutation and combination to multiple material and be superimposed as multilayer materials to seek optimal performance, this can bring a large amount of test jobs undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device and method, solving impedance tube cannot to thick, that multilayer materials carries out sound absorption performance test problem, and its measuring accuracy is high, be easy to realize, easy to operate.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device, its technical essential is: it comprises the impedance tube, microphone group, power amplifier, data collector, computing machine and the loudspeaker that are built-in with monolayer material to be measured, described microphone group one end is plugged on impedance tube upper surface, and the sensor in microphone group is evenly distributed in detected materials both sides, the microphone group other end connects power amplifier, data collector, computing machine and loudspeaker one end successively, and the other end of loudspeaker connects the input end of impedance tube.
Described microphone group is made up of microphone.
Described impedance tube upper surface is provided with mounting hole, and the input end of described microphone is plugged on the upper surface of impedance tube by this mounting hole.
Described impedance tube, for providing the plane standing-wave sound field needed for acoustic measurement for detected materials; Described microphone group, for the sound pressure signal of position a certain in measurement impedance pipe, and is converted to voltage signal by sound pressure signal; Described power amplifier, for carrying out noise filtering and amplification to voltage signal; Described data collector, for being converted to the discernible digital signal of computing machine by voltage signal; Described computing machine, for calculating acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of detected materials; Described loudspeaker, for playing white noise.
A kind of multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method, adopts said apparatus, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the sound absorption performance of test monolayer material;
Detect the sound pressure signal in impedance tube, sound pressure signal is decomposed and obtains incident acoustic wave, reflective sound wave, transmitted acoustic pulse and secondary reflection sound wave four parameters, utilize above-mentioned parameter to determine to react the monolayer material transfer function matrix of sound field change, utilize acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of monolayer material transfer function matrix determination monolayer material;
Step 2: repeated execution of steps 1, tests the transport function of other monolayer materials, and is kept in database;
Step 3: the result utilizing step 2, calculates multilayer material sound absorption performance;
Using the overall transfer function matrix of the product of the transfer function matrix of multiple monolayer material as multilayer material to be measured, directly calculate acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of multilayer material.
Sound field in impedance tube is white noise sound field, and its low-frequency range is 100Hz ~ 2500Hz, and high-frequency range is 1600Hz ~ 6300Hz.
Described monolayer material should be isotropic material from microcosmic angle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device and method of the present invention, first utilize the transport function of four-pole network theory test monolayer material, again according to the composition of multilayer material, call the transport function of multiple monolayer material, and amass, to determine the transport function of multilayer material, and then determine acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of multilayer material.The method is without the need to test, utilize the transfer function matrix of monolayer material directly can obtain acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of multilayer material, the method is easy to realization, simple operation, and measuring accuracy is high, compensate for the deficiency of impedance tube test, can be widely used in the noise optimization control in multiple field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction apparatus structure block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that in impedance tube of the present invention, sound pressure signal transmits schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is multi-layered material structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 ~ Fig. 4, embodiments of the present invention are described further.
Embodiment 1:
The multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1.It comprises the impedance tube 1, microphone group 2, power amplifier 3, data collector 4, computing machine 5 and the loudspeaker 6 that are built-in with monolayer material to be measured.One end of this microphone group 2 is plugged on the upper surface of impedance tube 1, and the sensor in microphone group 1 is evenly distributed in monolayer material both sides to be measured, the output terminal of microphone group 2 connects the input end of the input end of power amplifier 3, the input end of the output terminal connection data harvester 4 of power amplifier 3, the output terminal connection computing machine 5 of data collector 4, the output terminal of computing machine 5 connects the input end of loudspeaker 6, and the output terminal of loudspeaker 6 exports white noise to impedance tube 1.
Microphone group 2 in the present embodiment is made up of 4 microphones, and wherein 2 are arranged on the left side of monolayer material to be measured, another 2 right sides being arranged on monolayer material to be measured.
In the present embodiment, impedance tube 1 upper surface is provided with mounting hole, the input end of microphone is plugged on the upper surface of impedance tube 1 by this mounting hole, and the output terminal of microphone connects the input end of power amplifier 3.
Impedance tube 1 in the present embodiment, for providing the plane standing-wave sound field needed for acoustic measurement for detected materials.
Microphone group 2, for the sound pressure signal of position a certain in measurement impedance pipe 1, and is converted to voltage signal by sound pressure signal.In the present embodiment, the sound pressure signal of this microphone position tested by microphone 201, and the sound pressure signal of this microphone position tested by microphone 202.As shown in Figure 2, sound pressure signal is made up of incident acoustic wave A, reflective sound wave B, transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D, and wherein, the sound pressure signal that microphone 201 and microphone 202 collect comprises incident acoustic wave A and reflective sound wave B.The sound pressure signal of this microphone position tested by microphone 203, and the sound pressure signal of this microphone position tested by microphone 204.Wherein, the sound pressure signal that microphone 203 and microphone 204 are tested is made up of transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D.The sound pressure signal collected is converted to voltage signal and exports to power amplifier 3 by microphone 201 ~ microphone 204.
Power amplifier 3 in the present embodiment, carries out noise filtering and amplification for the voltage signal come microphone 201 ~ microphone 204 transmission.
Data collector 4 in the present embodiment, for being converted to the digital signal of computer recognizing by voltage signal.
Computing machine 5 in the present embodiment, for calculating acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of monolayer material 8 to be measured.
Loudspeaker 6 in the present embodiment, its output terminal connects the input end of impedance tube 1, and loudspeaker 6 plays white noise in impedance tube 1.The characteristic of white noise has equally distributed power spectrum density in whole frequency domain, is therefore suitable as the sound source of impedance tube, in order to produce plane sound field uniform and stable in whole test frequency domain.
Embodiment 2:
Multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device in the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, in impedance tube 1, end is also provided with acoustic absorbant filling material 7, are used for reducing the impact of secondary counter ejected wave D, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3:
Multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device in the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, except carrying out except amplitude demarcation to each microphone, also tackle it and carry out phase calibration, microphone 201 ~ microphone 204 is made to equal 0 in the drag angle of synchronization, them are made to keep synchronous in time, and then the sound pressure signal making microphone gather is more accurate, to eliminate measuring error to greatest extent.
Embodiment 4:
Multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device in the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, for the multilayer material be arranged in impedance tube, for ensureing that it is smooth, do not bend, bonding agent can be used to be fixed in impedance tube, to avoid gap, border and distortional stress, test result to be had an impact.
Embodiment 5:
Multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method in the present embodiment, adopt the device as embodiment 1 to realize, its flow process as shown in Figure 2, comprises the following steps:
Step 301: the sound absorption performance of test monolayer material.
First, utilize sensor group to gather sound pressure signal, and sound pressure signal is converted to voltage signal.Power amplifier carries out amplification to voltage signal and after denoising, by data collector, the analog voltage signal after denoising is converted to digital signal, and is delivered in computing machine.Computing machine obtains the acoustic pressure spectrum signal of each sensor position after carrying out windowing noise reduction, weighted mean, Fourier transform process to digital signal.Recycling standing-wave ratio (SWR) method, is decomposed into incident acoustic wave A, reflective sound wave B, transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D by acoustic pressure spectrum signal.
Recycling above-mentioned parameter determines the monolayer material transfer function matrix reacting sound field change.
In the present embodiment, the transfer function matrix of material has directly reacted the intrinsic acoustic properties of this material, so the acoustical behavior parameter comprising acoustical absorption coefficient and transmission loss all directly can be calculated by transfer function matrix.
The present embodiment is according to acoustics four end netting theory, and in the plane sound field in standing wave tube, the acoustic pressure P of the arranged on left and right sides of tested monolayer material can associate with following formula with medium Particle Vibration Velocity V:
In formula,
For transfer matrix, be the matrix of 2 × 2, by 4 parameter T
11, T
12, T
21, T
22composition, T describes the variable quantity of sound field and medium Particle Vibration Velocity V.
when representing noise not through tested monolayer material, the acoustic pressure P that sensor collects and medium Particle Vibration Velocity V.
represent that noise is through after tested monolayer material, the acoustic pressure P that sensor collects and medium Particle Vibration Velocity V.Noise can change through during tested monolayer material, and transfer matrix is used for describing this change.
Monolayer material to be measured in the present embodiment, from microcosmic angle, should be isotropy, so load transfer function coefficient has interchangeability and symmetric characteristics, that is:
T
11＝T
22T
11T
22-T
12T
21＝1
In the present embodiment, the acoustical absorption coefficient α of monolayer material to be tested and transmission loss TL can be calculated by the transfer matrix T of this material, and formula is:
In formula, Z
0for the characteristic acoustic resistance of propagation medium.
Utilize the parameter of incident acoustic wave A, reflective sound wave B, transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D calculation of transfer function matrix, formula is as follows:
T
22＝T
11
In formula, H
1=e
jkd, H
2=e
-jkd, H
3=ρ
0c, wherein, e represents natural Exponents, j represents imaginary unit, and k represents the wave number of sound wave, and d represents the thickness of measured material, ρ
0the density of representative voice propagation medium (the present embodiment is air), the speed that c representative voice is propagated in media as well.
In step 302, utilize said method, calculate the transfer function matrix of other monolayer material to be measured, together with the thickness of material, surface density in the lump stored in database.
In step 303, using the transfer function matrix of the product of the transfer function matrix of multiple monolayer material as multilayer material to be measured, directly calculate acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of multilayer material.
The assembled transferring matrix T of the multilayer material to be measured in the present embodiment
alwaysthe transfer function matrix equaling each monolayer material is multiplied long-pending, that is:
T
always=T
1× T
2×× T
n
In formula, T
1for the transfer function matrix of ground floor material, T
2for the transfer function matrix of second layer material, T
nfor the transfer function matrix of n-th layer material.
As: the multilayer material in the present embodiment by thickness be 3mm, mass area ratio is 0.78kg/m
2pVC synthetic leather 801, thickness is 20mm, mass area ratio is 0.65kg/m
2rigid foam 802, cotton 803 compositions of foam that thickness is 10mm, mass area ratio is 0.46, the transfer function matrix of the transfer function matrix of PVC synthetic leather, rigid foam, the transfer function matrix of rigid foam are amassed, using the overall transfer function matrix of this product as this multilayer material, utilize this overall transfer function can determine acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of this multilayer material.As shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 6:
The difference of the multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method that the present embodiment adopts and embodiment 5 is, the noise that loudspeaker sends is white noise, and its low-frequency range is 100Hz ~ 2500Hz, and high-frequency range is 1600Hz ~ 6300Hz.
If the low frequency performance of test monolayer material, then should be cut into the circle that diameter is 30mm by monolayer material, and this rounded material is put into the acoustical behavior test that thick impedance tube carries out material.
If the high frequency performance of test monolayer material, then should be cut into the circle that diameter is 100mm by monolayer material, and this rounded material is put into the acoustical behavior test that thin impedance tube carries out material.
If the full range performance of test monolayer material, then said method should be utilized, first test the sound absorption performance under low frequency state, then test the sound absorption performance under high frequency state, get the sound absorption performance under full range state of match value as monolayer material to be measured of the two.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (8)
1. a multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device, it is characterized in that: it comprises the impedance tube, microphone group, power amplifier, data collector, computing machine and the loudspeaker that are built-in with monolayer material to be measured, described microphone group one end is plugged on impedance tube upper surface, and the sensor in microphone group is evenly distributed in detected materials both sides, the microphone group other end connects power amplifier, data collector, computing machine and loudspeaker one end successively, and the other end of loudspeaker connects the input end of impedance tube.
2. multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described microphone group is made up of microphone.
3. multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described impedance tube upper surface is provided with mounting hole, the input end of described microphone is plugged on the upper surface of impedance tube by this mounting hole.
4. multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described impedance tube, for providing the plane standing-wave sound field needed for acoustic measurement for detected materials; Described microphone group, for the sound pressure signal of position a certain in measurement impedance pipe, and is converted to voltage signal by sound pressure signal; Described power amplifier, for carrying out noise filtering and amplification to voltage signal; Described data collector, for being converted to the digital signal of computer recognizing by voltage signal; Described computing machine, for calculating acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of detected materials; Described loudspeaker, for playing white noise.
5. multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: be also provided with acoustic absorbant filling material in described impedance tube.
6. a multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method, adopts device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the sound absorption performance of test monolayer material;
Detect the sound pressure signal in impedance tube, sound pressure signal is decomposed and obtains incident acoustic wave, reflective sound wave, transmitted acoustic pulse and secondary reflection sound wave four parameters, utilize above-mentioned parameter to determine to react the monolayer material transfer function matrix of sound field change, utilize acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of monolayer material transfer function matrix determination monolayer material;
Step 2: repeated execution of steps 1, tests the transfer function matrix of other monolayer materials, and is kept in database;
Step 3: the result utilizing step 2, calculates multilayer material sound absorption performance;
Using the overall transfer function matrix of the product of the transfer function matrix of multiple monolayer material as multilayer material to be measured, directly calculate acoustical absorption coefficient and the transmission loss of multilayer material.
7. multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the sound field in impedance tube is white noise sound field, its low-frequency range is 100Hz ~ 2500Hz, and high-frequency range is 1600Hz ~ 6300Hz.
8. multilayer material sound absorption performance prediction method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described monolayer material should be isotropic material from microcosmic angle.
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| CN105467013A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-04-06 | 华晨汽车集团控股有限公司 | Sound insulating material transmission loss predicting system and method based on mass law |
| CN106442733A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 北京林业大学 | Traffic noise analysis system on basis of forest belts |
| CN106855540A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-06-16 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of sound insulation of transformer station's main noise equipment acoustic hood weight testing method and system |
| CN107907595A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-13 | 吉林大学 | Sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device and its measuring method |
| CN109783969A (en) * | 2019-01-26 | 2019-05-21 | 北京工商大学 | A method of different-thickness homogeneous material acoustic characteristic is calculated using transfer matrix |
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| CN106442733B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-06-28 | 北京林业大学 | Traffic noise analysis system based on forest belt |
| CN106442733A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 北京林业大学 | Traffic noise analysis system on basis of forest belts |
| CN106855540A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-06-16 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of sound insulation of transformer station's main noise equipment acoustic hood weight testing method and system |
| CN106855540B (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2020-10-20 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Method and system for testing sound insulation quantity of sound insulation cover of main noise equipment of transformer substation |
| CN107907595A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-13 | 吉林大学 | Sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device and its measuring method |
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| CN111007152A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-14 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | Acoustic performance comprehensive evaluation method and system |
| CN111007152B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-08-16 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | Acoustic performance comprehensive evaluation method and system |
| CN113740438B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Acoustic coefficient testing device and method |
| CN113740438A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Acoustic coefficient testing device and method |
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| CN113916348A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-11 | 山东大学 | Device and method for measuring material transmission loss |
| CN113916348B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-10-18 | 山东大学 | Device and method for measuring material transmission loss |
| CN114371224A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-19 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for ABA structure random incidence sound absorption coefficient |
| CN114371224B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-08-22 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for random incidence sound absorption coefficient of ABA structure |
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Application publication date: 20150422 |