CN112834624A - Test bench and test method for sound insulation performance of pipeline heat-preservation binding structure - Google Patents
Test bench and test method for sound insulation performance of pipeline heat-preservation binding structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test bench and a test method for sound insulation performance of a pipeline heat-preservation binding structure, wherein the test bench comprises a loudspeaker system, a transition pipe section between a loudspeaker and a test pipeline, an elastic supporting piece, an anechoic chamber and a reverberation chamber; the loudspeaker system consists of a loudspeaker, a power amplifier and a signal source; the elastic supporting piece fixes the test pipeline in the loudspeaker system; the test pipeline is positioned in the reverberation chamber, and the sound absorption structure at the tail end of the test pipeline is positioned in the anechoic chamber. According to the invention, all parts of the sound insulation performance test system of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure are designed as an integral comprehensive system, and a design step optimization flow diagram is provided, so that the test system is ensured to have sufficient sound insulation performance test capability in a full frequency band, and reliable test data is obtained. The method is suitable for designing the test bed of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure with different sound-insulation properties, and is particularly suitable for designing the test bed of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure with high sound-insulation properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pipeline sound insulation performance tests, and particularly relates to a sound insulation performance test of a pipeline heat insulation binding structure with high sound insulation performance.
Background
When the air current flows at a high speed in the pipeline, the air current is influenced by factors such as sudden change of regional air current pressure of valves, elbows and the like in the pipeline, vibration generated by the excitation of pulsating air current on the pipe wall and the like, the radiation noise of the pipeline is quite high and generally ranges from 80 dB to 90dB, the environment is greatly influenced, and physical and psychological health damage is caused to workers. While the piping system often needs to operate at higher temperatures. Therefore, to ensure that the pipes do not lose excessive heat energy, the surfaces of the pipes are usually covered with a binder/insulation layer.
The pipeline heat-insulating binding structure is the most common method for reducing noise and insulating heat of pipelines. Pipe insulation wraps typically include an outer metal layer and an inner insulation/sound absorption material layer, and some pipe insulation wraps also include a multi-layer structure.
In order to adapt to the increasing environmental protection requirement, the pipeline heat-insulating binding structure also develops towards the direction of high heat-insulating effect and high sound-insulating property. GB/T31013-.
When the common pipeline rack is used for measuring high-frequency sound insulation performance or measuring a structure with high noise reduction, the signal-to-noise ratio is often insufficient, and effective test data are difficult to obtain. On the basis of carrying out experimental research on the sound insulation performance of the pipeline wrapping structure, the design method of the test bench for effectively measuring the pipeline heat-insulation wrapping structure is provided, and the method is particularly suitable for the pipeline heat-insulation wrapping structure with high sound insulation performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optimal design method of a sound insulation performance (insertion loss) test system of a pipeline heat-insulation binding structure, which fully considers the influence of comprehensive sound transmission characteristics and elastic support of the tail end of a pipeline, the pipeline and the heat-insulation binding structure, achieves the aim of obtaining enough noise signals in the pipeline, and provides a basis for the test research and the theoretical research of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure. The design method is suitable for the test bed for measuring the insertion loss and the sound transmission loss of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure, and is particularly suitable for the test bed design for measuring the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure with high sound insulation performance.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is that the sound insulation performance test bench for the pipeline heat-preservation binding structure comprises a loudspeaker system, a transition pipe section between a loudspeaker and a test pipeline, an elastic supporting piece, an anechoic chamber and a reverberation chamber;
the loudspeaker system consists of a loudspeaker, a power amplifier and a signal source; the elastic supporting piece fixes the test pipeline in the loudspeaker system; the test pipeline is positioned in the reverberation chamber, and the sound absorption structure at the tail end of the test pipeline is positioned in the anechoic chamber.
The invention also provides a method for testing the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure, which comprises a test bench for testing the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to a test target, determining the requirement of the noise level range outside the test pipeline;
step S2: determining the sound level requirement in the pipeline and determining the parameters of a loudspeaker according to the parameters of the binding structure, the parameters of the pipeline and the noise level range outside the pipeline;
step S3: determining design parameters of a sound absorption structure at the tail end of the pipeline;
step S4: design parameters of the anti-collapse elastic support are determined.
Preferably, the step S1 includes:
step S11: determining that f is less than or equal to fupper in the measurement frequency range: flower is the lower limit of the measuring frequency, and fupper is the upper limit of the measuring frequency;
step S12: acquiring a background noise frequency spectrum Lbg (f) of a test environment;
step S12: obtaining the minimum requirement of the noise level outside the test pipeline, and specifically calculating as follows:
L1(f)＝Lbg(f)+10 (1)
preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S21: obtaining the composition of each layer of the pipeline heat-preservation binding structure;
step S22: determining test pipeline parameters; the pipe diameter Dpipe is less than or equal to 300mm, and the wall thickness tpipe is greater than or equal to 4.2 mm; 300m < Dpipe is less than or equal to 1000mm, and the wall thickness tpipe is more than or equal to 6.3 mm;
step S23: according to the composition of the binding structure, for the multilayer structure, estimating the comprehensive sound transmission loss range of the pipeline and the heat-preservation binding structure based on an impedance analysis method;
step S24: according to the acoustic loss and the noise lowest value outside the pipeline, the noise level L2 in the pipeline is determined: calculate the in-tube noise level L2 according to equation (12)
L2＝L1+TL+19 (12)
Step S25: and (3) carrying out loudspeaker type selection according to the determined noise level in the pipe, wherein the sensitivity S of the loudspeaker and the electric power W of the loudspeaker meet the following conditions:
W·10(0.1S-4)≥L2+5+20log(r) (13)
wherein r is the pipe radius.
Preferably, the step S3 includes:
step S31: determining a lower limit f of a measurement frequencylowerSound absorption coefficient alpha of the pipe sound absorption end structuresThe requirements of (1). If the pipe model noise elimination structure is not available, when sound waves are radiated from the pipe, impedance sudden change exists between the tail end of the pipe and the external space, so that a part of sound energy is emitted back into the pipe, and a remarkable standing wave is generated in the pipe, and the test result is influenced. It is therefore necessary to install suitable sound absorbing material at the end of the pipe to absorb as fully as possible the sound waves that reach the end of the pipe. After the sound absorption end is installed, part of sound energy is still emitted into the pipeline to form a small standing wave. In the conduit flowerThe difference value Ls between the maximum sound pressure level and the minimum sound pressure level is used as a test deviation control quantity, Ls, and the tail end sound absorption coefficient alphasIt should satisfy:
step S32: determining the volume weight rho of a pipe sound absorption end materialmAnd an effective length Le. Preferably 20Kg/m 3-50 Kg/m3 superfine glass wool. For ultra-fine glass wool, the volume weight of the glass wool is rhomLower limit of frequency flowerThe effective length Le of the sound absorption tail end should meet the following requirements:
ρm·flower·Le≥80 (15)
for common glass wool, the following requirements are met:
ρm·flower·Le≥300 (16)
preferably, the step S4 includes:
step S41: determining the inner diameter rinner and the outer diameter router of the anti-collapse elastic rubber supporting piece, and specifically comprising the following steps: elastic rubber supporting pieces are arranged between the pipeline and the 1 st metal layer and between the ith metal layer and the (i + 1) th metal layer, and each elastic rubber supporting piece is composed of a plurality of semicircular supports; the outer diameter of the rubber supporting piece between the pipeline and the metal layer is the distance from the inner surface of the metal layer of the layer 1 to the center of the pipeline, and the inner diameter is the outer diameter of the pipeline; the rubber supporting piece between the ith metal layer and the (i + 1) th metal layer has the outer diameter of the distance from the inner surface of the (i + 1) th metal layer to the center of the pipeline and the inner diameter of the distance from the outer surface of the ith metal layer to the center of the pipeline;
step S42: determining the installation position and the elastic modulus of the anti-collapse elastic rubber support; the elastic rubber supporting piece is arranged at the lap joint of the heat preservation layer, and the elastic modulus Et of the elastic rubber supporting piece preferably satisfies the formula (17):
wherein, b is the distance between the adjacent installation positions of the elastic rubber supporting piece, t is the thickness of the metal layer, and P is the tensile strength of the metal layer.
The invention provides an optimization design method for important parameters of all components such as a loudspeaker, a pipeline tail end sound absorption structure, an elastic support and the like in a pipeline heat-preservation binding structure test bed, provides a step implementation flow diagram, can clearly and accurately determine the parameters of the components according to the flow diagram, is beneficial to the optimization design of the parameters of the test bed, and ensures the reliability and the accuracy of the test bed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention considers the influence of the comprehensive sound transmission characteristic and the elastic support of the tail end of the pipeline, the pipeline and the heat-insulation binding structure, and optimally designs each part of the sound-insulation performance test system of the heat-insulation binding structure of the pipeline as an integral comprehensive system, thereby meeting the design requirements of test benches of heat-insulation binding structures of pipelines with different sound-insulation performances. The design method of the invention determines the important parameters of each part in advance, so that the design steps are clear and hierarchical, an optimized test bench system for the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure can be obtained, and reliable and accurate test data for the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure can be obtained. According to the invention, effective and reliable test data can be obtained by measuring the high-frequency sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure and the high-sound-insulation performance of the jet test bed, which shows that the test bed has good applicability and accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test rig system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the implementation of steps;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the measurement results of the insertion loss of a certain thermal insulation binding structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention relates to a sound insulation performance test bench for a pipeline heat preservation binding structure, which comprises a loudspeaker system, a transition pipe section between a loudspeaker and a test pipeline, the test pipeline, a test pipeline tail end sound absorption structure, an elastic supporting piece and a sound absorption chamber, wherein the sound insulation performance test bench comprises: the loudspeaker system consists of a loudspeaker, a power amplifier and a signal source, the test pipeline is positioned in the reverberation room, and the sound absorption structure at the tail end of the test pipeline is positioned in the anechoic room.
According to the steps, the sound insulation performance test bench of the pipeline heat-insulation binding structure requires that the insertion loss of the heat-insulation structure reaches B1 level, and the measurement frequency is not lower than 4000 Hz.
A design method of a sound insulation performance test bench of a pipeline heat-preservation binding structure comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to a test target, determining the requirement of the noise level range outside the test pipeline;
step S11: determining a measurement frequency range flower≤f≤fupper：flowerFor measuring the lower frequency limit, fupperIs the upper limit of the measurement frequency;
step S12: obtaining a background noise spectrum L of a test environmentbg(f)；
Step S12: the minimum requirement for the noise level outside the test pipeline is obtained. The calculation is specifically as follows:
L1(f)＝Lbg(f)+10 (1)
step S2: determining the sound level requirement in the pipeline and determining the parameters of a loudspeaker according to the parameters of the binding structure, the parameters of the pipeline and the noise level range outside the pipeline;
the specific steps of determining the sound level in the duct in step S2 include:
step S21: obtaining the composition of each layer of the pipeline heat-preservation binding structure;
step S22: determining test pipeline parameters; pipe diameter DpipeNot more than 300mm, wall thickness tpipe≥4.2mm；300m<DpipeLess than or equal to 1000mm, wall thickness tpipe≥6.3mm；
Step S23: according to the composition of the binding structure, for the multilayer structure, the comprehensive sound transmission loss range of the pipeline and the heat-preservation binding structure is estimated based on an impedance analysis method.
The impedance of each layer of the sound insulation structure is obtained firstly, then the impedance of the whole structure after the layers are combined is obtained, and the calculation is as follows. The common pipe heat-insulating wrapping structure is a multilayer structure consisting of a plurality of layers of metal plates or porous material layers, as shown in figure 1, the total number of layers is N, the 1 st layer is a pipe layer, the 2 nd layer is a porous material layer, the 3 rd to the Nth layers can be metal sheets or porous material layers, and the acoustic impedance of the ith layer is ZiSurface acoustic impedance of i-th layer is ZsiAnd the surface acoustic impedance of the Nth layer structure is Z.
Acoustic impedance Z of ith layer if it is a metal layeriComprises the following steps:
wherein f is frequency, KiIs the stiffness coefficient of the ith laminate, fco iIs the coincidence frequency of the ith plate, fring lFor loop frequency of ith plateRate, EiYoung's modulus, upsilon, of the ith layeriIs the Poisson's ratio, h, of the ith plateiIs the thickness, η, of the ith laminateiDamping coefficient of the i-th plate, miIs the areal density of the ith plate, RiIs the radius of curvature, rho, of the ith plate0Is the density of air, c0Is the speed of sound in air.
If the ith layer is a porous heat-insulating material layer, the acoustic impedance Z of the ith layeriComprises the following steps:
wherein k isiWave number, σ, of acoustic wave in ith layer materialiIs the flow resistivity of the ith layer material, tiIs the thickness of the ith layer of material.
The surface acoustic impedance of layer 2 is:
from layer 3 to layer N, if layer i is a metal plate, the surface acoustic impedance of layer i is:
Zsi＝Zi+Zi-1 (9)
if the ith layer is a porous heat-insulating material layer, the surface acoustic impedance of the ith layer is as follows:
until the surface acoustic impedance Z of the nth layer structure is calculated, the total sound Transmission Loss (TL) is obtained by the calculation of equation (12):
step S24: determining the noise level L in the pipe according to the lowest value of the noise loss and the noise outside the pipe2: calculate the noise level L in the pipe according to equation (12)2
L2＝L1+TL+19 (12)
Step S25: and carrying out loudspeaker type selection according to the determined noise level in the tube. The sensitivity S of the loudspeaker and the electric power W of the loudspeaker should satisfy:
W·10(0.1S-4)≥L2+5+20log(r) (13)
wherein r is the pipe radius.
Step S3: determining design parameters of a sound absorption structure at the tail end of the pipeline;
step S31: determining a lower limit f of a measurement frequencylowerSound absorption coefficient alpha of the pipe sound absorption end structuresThe requirements of (1). If the pipe model noise elimination structure is not available, when sound waves are radiated from the pipe, impedance sudden change exists between the tail end of the pipe and the external space, so that a part of sound energy is emitted back into the pipe, and a remarkable standing wave is generated in the pipe, and the test result is influenced. It is therefore necessary to install suitable sound absorbing material at the end of the pipe to absorb as fully as possible the sound waves that reach the end of the pipe. After the sound absorption end is installed, part of sound energy is still emitted into the pipeline to form a small standing wave. In the conduit flowerDifference L between the maximum and minimum sound pressure levelssFor testing deviation control quantity, LsEnd sound absorption coefficient alphasIt should satisfy:
step S32: determining the volume weight rho of a pipe sound absorption end materialmAnd an effective length Le. Preferably 20Kg/m3～50Kg/m3The superfine glass wool. For ultra-fine glass wool, the volume weight of the glass wool is rhomLower limit of frequency flowerEffective length L of sound absorption endePreferably satisfies the following conditions:
ρm·flower·Le≥80 (15)
for common glass wool, the following requirements are met:
ρm·flower·Le≥300 (16)
step S4: design parameters of the anti-collapse elastic support are determined.
Step S41: determining the inner diameter r of an anti-collapse elastic rubber supportinnerAnd outer diameter router. The method specifically comprises the following steps: elastic rubber supporting pieces are arranged between the pipeline and the 1 st metal layer and between the ith metal layer and the (i + 1) th metal layer, and each elastic rubber supporting piece is composed of a plurality of semicircular supports. And the rubber support between the pipeline and the metal layer has an outer diameter equal to the distance from the inner surface of the metal layer 1 to the center of the pipeline and an inner diameter equal to the outer diameter of the pipeline. And the outer diameter of the rubber support between the ith metal layer and the (i + 1) th metal layer is the distance from the inner surface of the (i + 1) th metal layer to the center of the pipeline, and the inner diameter of the rubber support is the distance from the outer surface of the ith metal layer to the center of the pipeline.
Step S42: and determining the installation position and the elastic modulus of the anti-collapse elastic rubber support. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the elastic rubber supporting piece is arranged at the lap joint of the heat preservation layer. Modulus of elasticity E of elastic rubber supporttPreferably, formula (17) is satisfied:
wherein, b is the distance between the adjacent installation positions of the elastic rubber supporting piece, t is the thickness of the metal layer, and P is the tensile strength of the metal layer.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A sound insulation performance test bench for a pipeline heat preservation wrapping structure is characterized by comprising a loudspeaker system, a transition pipe section between a loudspeaker and a test pipeline, an elastic supporting piece, a sound eliminating chamber and a reverberation chamber;
the loudspeaker system consists of a loudspeaker, a power amplifier and a signal source; the elastic supporting piece fixes the test pipeline in the loudspeaker system; the test pipeline is positioned in the reverberation chamber, and the sound absorption structure at the tail end of the test pipeline is positioned in the anechoic chamber.
2. A method for testing sound insulation performance of a pipeline heat-preservation binding structure is characterized by comprising the test bench of claim 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: determining the noise level range requirement outside the test pipeline according to a test target;
step S2: determining the sound level requirement in the pipeline and determining the parameters of a loudspeaker according to the parameters of the binding structure, the parameters of the pipeline and the noise level range outside the pipeline;
step S3: determining design parameters of a sound absorption structure at the tail end of the pipeline;
step S4: design parameters of the anti-collapse elastic support are determined.
3. The method for testing the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat insulation packing structure according to claim 2, wherein the step S1 comprises the following steps:
step S11: determining that f is less than or equal to fupper in the measurement frequency range: flower is the lower limit of the measuring frequency, and fupper is the upper limit of the measuring frequency;
step S12: acquiring a background noise frequency spectrum Lbg (f) of a test environment;
step S12: obtaining the minimum requirement of the noise level outside the test pipeline, and specifically calculating as follows:
L1(f)＝Lbg(f)+10 (1)
4. the method for testing the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat insulation packing structure according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 comprises the following steps:
step S21: obtaining the composition of each layer of the pipeline heat-preservation binding structure;
step S22: determining test pipeline parameters; the pipe diameter Dpipe is less than or equal to 300mm, and the wall thickness tpipe is greater than or equal to 4.2 mm; 300m < Dpipe is less than or equal to 1000mm, and the wall thickness tpipe is more than or equal to 6.3 mm;
step S23: according to the composition of the binding structure, for the multilayer structure, estimating the comprehensive sound transmission loss range of the pipeline and the heat-preservation binding structure based on an impedance analysis method;
step S24: determining the noise level L in the pipe according to the lowest value of the noise loss and the noise outside the pipe2: calculate the noise level L in the pipe according to equation (12)2
L2＝L1+TL+19 (12)
Step S25: and (3) carrying out loudspeaker type selection according to the determined noise level in the pipe, wherein the sensitivity S of the loudspeaker and the electric power W of the loudspeaker meet the following conditions:
W·10(0.1S-4)≥L2+5+20log(r) (13)
wherein r is the pipe radius.
5. The method for designing the sound insulation performance test bench for the pipeline heat insulation binding structure according to claim 3, wherein the step S3 includes:
step S31: determining a lower limit f of a measurement frequencylowerSound absorption coefficient alpha of the pipe sound absorption end structuresThe requirements of (1). If the pipe model noise elimination structure is not available, when sound waves are radiated from the pipe, impedance sudden change exists between the tail end of the pipe and the external space, so that a part of sound energy is emitted back into the pipe, and a remarkable standing wave is generated in the pipe, and the test result is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to install a suitable sound absorbing material at the end of the pipe to minimize the sound waves reaching the end of the pipeFull sound absorption is possible. After the sound absorption end is installed, part of sound energy is still emitted into the pipeline to form a small standing wave. In the conduit flowerDifference L between the maximum and minimum sound pressure levelssFor testing deviation control quantity, LsEnd sound absorption coefficient alphasIt should satisfy:
step S32: determining the volume weight rho of a pipe sound absorption end materialmAnd an effective length Le. Preferably 20Kg/m3～50Kg/m3The superfine glass wool. For ultra-fine glass wool, the volume weight of the glass wool is rhomLower limit of frequency flowerEffective length L of sound absorption endePreferably satisfies the following conditions:
ρm·flower·Le≥80 (15)
for common glass wool, the following requirements are met:
ρm·flower·Le≥300 (16)
6. the method for testing the sound insulation performance of the pipeline heat insulation packing structure according to claim 2, wherein the step S4 comprises the following steps:
step S41: determining the inner diameter r of an anti-collapse elastic rubber supportinnerAnd outer diameter routerThe method specifically comprises the following steps: elastic rubber supporting pieces are arranged between the pipeline and the 1 st metal layer and between the ith metal layer and the (i + 1) th metal layer, and each elastic rubber supporting piece is composed of a plurality of semicircular supports; the outer diameter of the rubber supporting piece between the pipeline and the metal layer is the distance from the inner surface of the metal layer of the layer 1 to the center of the pipeline, and the inner diameter is the outer diameter of the pipeline; the rubber supporting piece between the ith metal layer and the (i + 1) th metal layer has the outer diameter of the distance from the inner surface of the (i + 1) th metal layer to the center of the pipeline and the inner diameter of the distance from the outer surface of the ith metal layer to the center of the pipeline;
step S42: determining collapse resistant elastomeric rubbersThe mounting position and the elastic modulus of the rubber support; the elastic rubber supporting piece is arranged at the lap joint of the heat preservation layer, and the elastic modulus E of the elastic rubber supporting piecetPreferably, formula (17) is satisfied:
wherein, b is the distance between the adjacent installation positions of the elastic rubber supporting piece, t is the thickness of the metal layer, and P is the tensile strength of the metal layer.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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