CN105467013A - Sound insulating material transmission loss predicting system and method based on mass law - Google Patents
Sound insulating material transmission loss predicting system and method based on mass law Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sound insulating material transmission loss predicting system and method based on the mass law, and relates to the field of acoustic material performance analysis. The system comprises a low-frequency impedance pipe, a high-frequency impedance pipe, a microphone set, a data collection device, a computer, a power amplifier and a loudspeaker. The method comprises the steps that low-frequency and high-frequency transmission losses of materials are tested, and then a mass rule expression is determined on a testing result curve, so that transmission losses of the materials in practical application are predicted. According to the method, in reference to the classical material sound insulation theory, the impedance pipes are utilized for obtaining a result obtained only in a reverberation room-anechoic room, the system and method are easy to implement, operation is rapid and convenient, the prediction accuracy is high, the defects of an impedance method and a reverberation room-anechoic room are overcome, and the sound insulating material transmission loss predicting system and method can be widely applied to noise control of multiple fields of automobiles, spaceflight, household appliances and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to performance of accoustic material analysis field, be specifically related to a kind of sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system based on mass law and method.
Background technology
As one of effective means controlling high-frequency noises, sound insulating material is played an important role in fields such as car acpistocs packaging, architectural acoustics, household electrical appliances Noise measarement always.Transmission loss parameter is used for the isolation capacity size of evaluating material to sound, and its method of testing mainly contains reverberation chamber-anechoic room method and impedance tube method.Impedance tube method test sample is little, and equipment is simple, swift to operate, does not need special test environment and space, thus obtains more application in practice.But the means of testing that impedance tube method adopts is under plane sound wave normal incidence condition, the transmission loss of the little exemplar that test edge is fixed, this and sound insulating material practical situation is not in the application inconsistent, and causes the limited accuracy of test result.
In order to accurately investigate the sound insulation property of material, the research institution of specialty uses reverberation chamber-anechoic room method to measure transmission loss.In this method, sound source is penetrated in diffusing in that reverberation chamber is used for that produce power is evenly distributed, and anechoic room is used for receiving the transmitted acoustic pulse after transmitting, and measured material is placed in the testing window that reverberation chamber is connected with anechoic room.Because this method needs special test environment, and apparatus expensive, complicated operation, be therefore very limited in actual applications.
In sum, in sound insulating material performance test analysis field, simple, convenient to operation in the urgent need to a kind of structure, accuracy is high, can the transmission loss testing apparatus of widespread use in practice.Have based on this, the present invention devises a kind of transmission loss prognoses system and method, the advantage of impedance tube method and reverberation chamber-anechoic room method can well be combined.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of transmission loss prognoses system and method, solve legacy equipment, problems that method runs in transmission loss test analysis, the method equipment is simple, rational in infrastructure, easy to operate, reliable results.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of transmission loss prognoses system based on mass law, comprise the thick impedance tube of low-frequency test, the thin impedance tube of high-frequency test, microphone group, data collector, computing machine, power amplifier and loudspeaker, its technical essential is: when carrying out low-frequency test, one end of microphone group is plugged in low-frequency impedance pipe, and the sensor in microphone group is evenly distributed in the both sides of sound insulating material to be measured, the input end of the output terminal data collector of microphone group, the output terminal of data collector connects the input end of computing machine, the output terminal of computing machine connects the input end of power amplifier, the output terminal of power amplifier connects the input end of woofer, the output terminal of woofer exports white noise tremendously low frequency impedance tube, when carrying out high-frequency test, low-frequency impedance pipe is replaced with high-frequency resistance pipe, and be used for playing the tweeter of high-frequency sound source signal, the microphone group that all the other devices and low-frequency test are consistent described is made up of 4 standards, 1/4 inch of microphone, microphone one end is plugged in impedance tube, the other end is connection data harvester, computing machine, power amplifier and loudspeaker one end successively, and the other end of loudspeaker connects the sound source input end of impedance tube.
Described thick impedance tube internal diameter is 100mm, and thin impedance tube internal diameter is 30mm, and the two structure is consistent, and be provided with mounting hole at upper surface, described microphone group is plugged on the upper surface of impedance tube by this mounting hole.
Described impedance tube, for providing the plane standing-wave sound field needed for acoustic measurement for detected materials; Described microphone group, for the sound pressure signal of position a certain in measurement impedance pipe, and is converted to voltage signal by sound pressure signal; Described data collector, for being converted to the discernible digital signal of computing machine by voltage analog signal; Described computing machine, for carrying out signal transacting and data operation; ; Described power amplifier, amplifies for the sound-source signal play computing machine; Described loudspeaker, for playing white noise sound-source signal.
Theoretical foundation of the present invention is: classical sound insulating material transmission loss mass law is pointed out, affects material transfer and loses the surface density that most important factor is material; When frequency or surface density double, transmission loss will increase about 6dB.For the test sample in impedance tube, although sound field characteristic and boundary condition can affect its sound insulation property, within the scope of certain frequency, be still subject to the mass law effect of special shape.If in the transmission loss result curve using the test of low, high-frequency resistance pipe respectively, control the region played a major role with straight line quality of connection, just can obtain the mass law curve of material.According to this mass law curve, in the reverberant field that reverberation chamber-anechoic room method can only be used to record before just can being doped by theory deduction, diffuse in the transmission loss of penetrating under sound source condition.
Based on a sound insulating material transmission loss Forecasting Methodology for mass law, adopt said apparatus, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the low frequency transmission loss of test material;
Test sample is put into thick impedance tube, uses the sound pressure signal before and after exemplar in microphone group collection impedance tube, use computing machine to calculate low frequency transmission loss according to collection signal;
Step 2: the high frequency transmission loss of test material;
Test sample is put into thin impedance tube, calculates high frequency transmission loss;
Step 3: establish transmission loss mass law expression formula;
Quality control region respectively on low frequency and high frequency transmission loss test result curve is chosen any and is carried out straight line connection, establishes the expression formula of material transfer loss mass law according to the slope of this straight line;
Step 4: diffuse in material transfer loss forecasting under the condition of penetrating;
According to transmission loss mass law expression formula, prediction material diffuses in the transmission loss of penetrating under sound source condition in reverberant field.
Sound field in impedance tube is white noise sound field, and its low-frequency range is 80 ~ 3000Hz, and high-frequency range is 500 ~ 8000Hz.
Described sound insulating material requires, for closely knit imporosity, to have the elastomeric material of constant weight and rigidity.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system and the method that the present invention is based on mass law, first distinguish low frequency and the high frequency transmission loss of test material, on test result curve, establish mass law expression formula afterwards, and predict the actual transfer loss of material thus.The method is theoretical with reference to classical isolates sound, utilizes impedance tube can obtain in the past the only getable result of ability in reverberation chamber-anechoic room.Present system and method are easy to realization, simple operation, and prediction accuracy is high, compensate for the deficiency of impedance tube method and reverberation chamber-anechoic room method, can be widely used in the Noise measarement in multiple fields such as automobile, space flight and household electrical appliances.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system structural drawing that the present invention is based on mass law;
Fig. 2 is impedance tube inner structure of the present invention and test philosophy schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the transmission loss Forecasting Methodology process flow diagram that the present invention is based on mass law;
Fig. 4 is the transmission loss frequency characteristic of reverberation chamber-anechoic room method test;
Fig. 5 is transmission loss mass law straight line defining method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 uses the transmission loss of the inventive method to predict the outcome;
Fig. 7 to contrast with reverberation chamber-anechoic room test result for using the present invention to predict the outcome.
Accompanying drawing is described as follows: 1, low-frequency test impedance tube 2, microphone group 3, data collector 4, computing machine 5, power amplifier 6, woofer 7, high-frequency test impedance tube 8, tweeter 9, acoustic absorbant filling material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 ~ Fig. 6, embodiments of the present invention are described further.
Embodiment 1:
The sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system based on mass law in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1.It comprises low-frequency test impedance tube 1, microphone group 2, data collector 3, computing machine 4, power amplifier 5, woofer 6, high-frequency test impedance tube 7 and tweeter 8.When carrying out low-frequency test, one end of microphone group 2 is plugged in low-frequency impedance pipe 1, and the sensor in microphone group 2 is evenly distributed in the both sides of sound insulating material to be measured, the input end of the output terminal data collector 3 of microphone group 2, the output terminal of data collector 3 connect the input end of computing machine 4, the input end that output terminal connects the input end of power amplifier 5, the output terminal of power amplifier 5 connects woofer 6 of computing machine 4, the output terminal of woofer 6 exports white noise tremendously low frequency impedance tube 1; When carrying out high-frequency test, replace low-frequency impedance pipe 1 with high-frequency resistance pipe 7, and use tweeter 8 to play high-frequency sound source signal, all the other devices and low-frequency test are consistent.
Low-frequency impedance pipe 1 in the present embodiment and high-frequency resistance pipe 7, for providing the plane standing-wave sound field needed for acoustic measurement for detected materials.The survey frequency scope of low-frequency impedance pipe 1 is 100 ~ 2500Hz, and the survey frequency scope of high-frequency resistance pipe 7 is 800 ~ 6300Hz
Microphone group 2 in the present embodiment is made up of 4 microphones, and wherein 2 are arranged on the left of detected materials, another 2 right sides being arranged on detected materials.
In low-frequency impedance pipe 1 and high-frequency resistance pipe 7, be provided with mounting hole in the present embodiment, the input end of microphone group 2 is plugged on impedance tube 1 and 7 and upper surface by this mounting hole.
Microphone group 2 in the present embodiment, for the sound pressure signal of a certain position in measurement impedance pipe 1,7, and is converted to voltage signal by sound pressure signal.As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, the sound pressure signal of this microphone position tested respectively by microphone 201,202,203 and 204.Sound pressure signal is made up of incident acoustic wave A, reflective sound wave B, transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D, wherein, the sound pressure signal that microphone 201 and microphone 202 collect comprises incident acoustic wave A and reflective sound wave B, and the sound pressure signal that microphone 203 and microphone 204 are tested is made up of transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D.The sound pressure signal collected is converted to voltage signal and exports to data collector 3 by microphone 201 ~ microphone 204.
Data collector 3 in the present embodiment, for being converted to the digital signal that computing machine 4 identifies by voltage signal.
Computing machine 4 in the present embodiment, for control signal collection, processes data and carries out transmission loss prediction.
Gain amplifier 5 in the present embodiment, amplifies for the measuring sound source signal play computing machine 4.
Loudspeaker 6,8 in the present embodiment, its output terminal connects the input end of impedance tube 1,7, loudspeaker 6,8 plays white noise in impedance tube 1,7, the white noise frequency range that wherein woofer 6 is play is 80 ~ 3000Hz, and the white noise frequency range that tweeter 8 is play is 500 ~ 8000Hz.The characteristic of white noise has equally distributed power spectrum density in whole frequency domain, is therefore suitable as the sound source of impedance tube, in order to produce plane sound field uniform and stable in whole test frequency domain.Embodiment 2:
Sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system in the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, in impedance tube 1,7, end is also provided with acoustic absorbant filling material 9, are used for reducing the impact of secondary counter ejected wave D, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3:
Sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system in the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 are, except carrying out except amplitude demarcation to each microphone, also tackle it and carry out phase calibration, microphone 201 ~ microphone 204 is made to equal 0 in the drag angle of synchronization, make them in phase place, keep synchronous, thus make the sound pressure signal of microphone pick more accurate, to eliminate measuring error to greatest extent.
Embodiment 4:
The sound insulating material transmission loss Forecasting Methodology based on mass law in the present embodiment, adopt the device as embodiment 1 to realize, its flow process as shown in Figure 3, comprises the following steps:
Step 401: the low frequency transmission loss of test sound insulating material.
First, detected materials be cut into the circular exemplar of diameter 100 millimeters and be placed in low-frequency impedance pipe, utilizing microphone group to gather sound pressure signal, and sound pressure signal is converted to voltage signal.By data collector, analog voltage signal is converted to digital signal, and is delivered in computing machine.Computing machine obtains the acoustic pressure spectrum signal of each microphone position after carrying out windowing noise reduction, weighted mean, Fourier transform process to digital signal.Recycling standing-wave ratio (SWR) method, is decomposed into incident acoustic wave A, reflective sound wave B, transmitted acoustic pulse C and secondary reflection sound wave D by acoustic pressure spectrum signal.By comparing the amplitude size of A and C, obtain the transmission loss of material.
Step 402: the high frequency transmission loss of test sound insulating material.
Detected materials be cut into the circular exemplar of diameter 30 millimeters and be placed in high-frequency resistance pipe, repeating the low-frequency test method introduced in step 401, record the high frequency transmission loss of material.
Step 403: result curve analysis and mass law straight line are determined.
Under the effect of material self-characteristic and boundary condition, in the resilient material transmission loss curve that reverberation chamber as shown in Figure 4-anechoic room method records, be divided into three zoness of different: stiffness reliability, quality control and coincidence effect control.For the elastic body of infinite boundary, classical mass law points out that its transmission loss can be calculated by experimental formula below under normal incidence condition:
M in formula
sfor the surface density of material, ρ
0for the density of medium (air), f is the frequency of incident sound, and c is sound velocity of propagation in media as well.
Usually, π fm
s> > ρ
0c, so above formula can be write as
Compared with reverberation chamber-anechoic room method, during application impedance tube method test, because test specimen edge is clamped, stiffness reliability plays a major role in most of frequency range, can excite several mode of oscillations simultaneously.Model frequency depends on physical property and the boundary condition of test specimen, so in high and low frequency impedance tube, the resonance of same test specimen occurs over different frequencies.Meanwhile, because the excitation sound source in impedance tube is the white noise of normal incidence, so the impact of coincidence effect can be ignored.So use the transmission loss curve that high and low frequency impedance tube records a kind of resilient material respectively, can have identical trend in certain frequency scope, this just demonstrates the existence of mass law.Figure 5 shows that the transmission loss curve adopting high and low frequency impedance tube to measure respectively, f
01and f
11be respectively low frequency, high frequency first order resonance frequency.There is smooth-going trend in the segment limit of curve on resonant frequency, illustrate and be in quality control region.2 f are chosen respectively in the quality control region of high and low frequency test result
02and f
12, and connecting this 2 point with an oblique line, this oblique line is exactly the mass law curve of this exemplar, and its mathematic(al) representation is
TL
normal＝Xlg(m
sf)-Y(dB)
Wherein X=(TL
2-TL
1)/(f
2-f
1), Y=Xlg (m
sf
1)-TL
1.
Step 404: diffuse in material transfer loss forecasting under the condition of penetrating.
A large amount of test results shows, material diffuses in the normal incidence transmission loss that transmission loss under the condition of penetrating and impedance tube test and there is following relation in reverberation field:
TL
random(f)＝TL
normal(f)-10lg(0.23×TL
normal(f))
Because the transmission loss of sound insulating material is mainly by mass law effect, the normal incidence transmission loss mass law therefore can tested by the impedance tube method derived in step 403 predicts that material diffuses in the transmission loss under the condition of penetrating in reverberation field.
Embodiment 5:
In order to verify the feasibility of sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system and the method that the present invention is based on mass law, the present embodiment is chosen certain electrostatic elastomeric material and has been carried out actual test, and this material thickness is 3 millimeters, and surface density is 2.6 kgs/m
2.Figure 6 shows that the low frequency of this material, high-frequency test result, and the mass law curve using the inventive method to establish.This material finally predict after transmission loss mass law expression formula be TL=22.52lg (m
sf)-37.14 (dB).
Figure 7 shows that the contrast predicted the outcome with using reverberation chamber-anechoic room test result, its difference within the acceptable range.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (6)
1. the sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system based on mass law, comprise the thick impedance tube of low-frequency test, the thin impedance tube of high-frequency test, microphone group, data collector, computing machine, power amplifier and loudspeaker, it is characterized in that: when carrying out low-frequency test, one end of microphone group is plugged in low-frequency impedance pipe, and the sensor in microphone group is evenly distributed in the both sides of sound insulating material to be measured, the input end of the output terminal data collector of microphone group, the output terminal of data collector connects the input end of computing machine, the output terminal of computing machine connects the input end of power amplifier, the output terminal of power amplifier connects the input end of woofer, the output terminal of woofer exports white noise tremendously low frequency impedance tube, when carrying out high-frequency test, replace low-frequency impedance pipe with high-frequency resistance pipe, and be used for the tweeter of broadcasting high-frequency sound source signal, all the other devices and low-frequency test are consistent.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system of mass law, it is characterized in that: affiliated microphone group is made up of four 1/4 inch of microphones.
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system of mass law, it is characterized in that: described low-frequency test impedance tube is for carrying out the test of 100-2500Hz frequency range, and described high-frequency test impedance tube is for carrying out the test of 800-6300Hz frequency range.
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the sound insulating material transmission loss prognoses system of mass law, it is characterized in that: the standing-wave sound field for utilizing white noise sound source to produce in impedance tube, the white noise frequency range that wherein woofer is play is 80-3000Hz, and the white noise frequency range that tweeter is play is 500-8000Hz.
5., based on a sound insulating material transmission loss Forecasting Methodology for mass law, adopt device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the low frequency transmission loss of test material;
Test sample is put into thick impedance tube, uses the sound pressure signal before and after exemplar in microphone group collection impedance tube, use computing machine to calculate low frequency transmission loss according to collection signal;
Step 2: the high frequency transmission loss of test material;
Test sample is put into thin impedance tube, calculates high frequency transmission loss;
Step 3: establish transmission loss mass law expression formula;
Quality control region respectively on low frequency and high frequency transmission loss test result curve is chosen any and is carried out straight line connection, establishes the expression formula of material transfer loss mass law according to the slope of this straight line;
Step 4: diffuse in material transfer loss forecasting under the condition of penetrating;
According to transmission loss mass law expression formula, prediction material diffuses in the transmission loss of penetrating under sound source condition in reverberant field.
6. as claimed in claim 5 based on the sound insulating material transmission loss Forecasting Methodology of mass law, it is characterized in that: in the quality control region of high and low frequency test result, choose 2 points respectively, and connecting this 2 point with an oblique line, this oblique line is exactly the transmission loss mass law curve of this exemplar.
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