CN107907595A - Sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device and its measuring method - Google Patents
Sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107907595A CN107907595A CN201711455921.7A CN201711455921A CN107907595A CN 107907595 A CN107907595 A CN 107907595A CN 201711455921 A CN201711455921 A CN 201711455921A CN 107907595 A CN107907595 A CN 107907595A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device and its measuring method, belong to acoustic measurement field.Loudspeaker is connected with voice tube, and the voice tube other end is connected with the first opening of tee pipe fitting；One end of reflection tube is provided with scud-absorbing treatment pipe A, and the other end is connected with the second opening of tee pipe fitting；Mounting hole is set on voice tube, reflection tube, wherein interior installation microphone.Tee pipe fitting is reduced three-way pipe fitting or equal tee pipe fitting, and the 3rd opening of reduced three-way pipe fitting is connected with test specimen cylinder, and the 3rd opening of equal tee pipe fitting is connected with reflecting one end of pipe.Advantage is：It can realize material acoustic absorptivity of the frequency from 100Hz to 1600Hz and sound insulation measurement.And sample needed for the device is small, equipment is simple, in common lab with regard to operable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to acoustic measurement field, more particularly to a kind of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measurement
Device and its measuring method.
Background technology
With modern industry, transportation and the development of urban construction, pollution from environmental noise becomes influences maximum
One of public hazards.The use of sound-absorbing material and sound insulating material is the major measure that passive control technology control noise is taken, in acoustics
Aspect, the major parameter for evaluating Material acoustic performance are：Acoustic absorptivity and oise insulation factor.Acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation are measured in laboratory
The method of amount mainly has：Reverberation room method and impedance tube method.
Reverberation room method measurement material acoustic absorptivity principle is by 10~12m2Test specimen be placed in 200~250m3Reverberation chamber
It is interior, measure the reverberation time and calculate material acoustic absorptivity using shore formula is matched；Reverberation room method measurement material oise insulation factor principle is to make
With between two close to not less than 50m3Reverberation chamber, sound source room, another Jian Zuo receiving chamber are used as between one, test specimen is placed in public metope peace
Fill hole in, indoor acoustic pressure is measured using microphone, finally according to reverberation chamber oise insulation factor measure equation calculate material every
Volume.
Impedance tube measurement material acoustic absorptivity method can be divided into according to measuring principle difference：Standing-wave ratio method and transmission function
Method.Standing-wave ratio method is traditional impedance tube measurement material acoustic absorptivity method, and the normal incidence that material is calculated using standing-wave ratio is absorbed sound
Coefficient, can only carry out single-frequency measurement, less efficient.Transfer function method is in theory of spectrum analysis and fft algorithm progressively maturation
Afterwards, modern frequency spectrum analysis method is make use of, utilizes impedance tube two microphones excitation vibration material acoustic absorptivity, one-shot measurement
The acoustic absorptivity of each frequency in impedance tube working frequency range can be obtained, it is efficient.
Impedance tube measurement material oise insulation factor method can be divided into according to measuring principle difference：Four-microphone method and double load methods.
Four-microphone method is improved on the basis of pervious three microphones measuring method with impedance tube measurement material oise insulation factor,
Method, the method that the normal incidence oise insulation factor of material is tried to achieve using transmission coefficient are separated using standing wave.Double load methods be at two kinds not
Under same boundary condition, two kinds of methods for measuring to compensate four-microphone method non-ideal condition scud-absorbing treatment are carried out.
At present, sound absorption is based on above method design, reverberation chamber with sound insulating material acoustic absorptivity and oise insulation factor measuring apparatus
The area of test specimen needed for method is big, and construction cost is high, should not be as the reference measure method of experimental study.Impedance tube method can only measure
Material acoustic absorptivity and oise insulation factor during sound wave vertical incidence.But some materials, such as mineral wool, rock wool, material during sound wave oblique incidence
The acoustic absorptivity of material has very big difference with acoustic absorptivity during sound wave vertical incidence, so material Sound absorption coefficient at oblique incidence is in work
It is also the important evidence of judgement material performance in journey, therefore the measurement of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity is of great significance,
But the appropriate method and measuring device of unspecial measurement sound wave oblique incidence material sound absorbing capabilities at present.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device and its survey
Amount method, solves acoustic absorptivity and oise insulation factor that impedance tube existing in the prior art is only capable of material during measurement sound wave vertical incidence
The problems such as.The present invention is theoretical with pipe inner plane ripple using sound wave catadioptric principle, with reference to the advantages of reverberation chamber and impedance tube.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
Sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Loudspeaker 1 and voice tube 3
One end is connected, and the other end of the voice tube 3 is connected with the first opening of tee pipe fitting 4；One end of reflection tube 7 is provided with sound absorption
Tip tube A8, the other end are connected with the second opening of tee pipe fitting 4；Filling sucting sound material makes reflection in the scud-absorbing treatment pipe A8
The noiseless wave reflection in 7 end of pipe；Three mounting holes 6 are set on the voice tube 3, microphone is installed in two of which mounting hole 6, and
Microphone front end and impedance tube --- 3 inner wall of voice tube is equal, the mandril temporary sealing that another mounting hole 6 is made by metal
To prevent leak-stopping sound；Three mounting holes 6 are set on the reflection tube 7, microphone, and microphone are installed in two of which mounting hole 6
Front end and impedance tube --- 7 inner wall of reflection tube is equal, another mounting hole 6 is by the mandril temporary sealing that metal makes to prevent
Leakage sound.
Angle between the voice tube 3 and reflection tube 7 is 30 °~75 °.
The tee pipe fitting 4 is reduced three-way pipe fitting, and test specimen 5 is placed in the reduced three-way pipe fitting, the reducing
3rd opening of tee pipe fitting is connected with test specimen cylinder 10, and the test specimen cylinder 10 is provided centrally with piston rod 11 and gos deep into reducing three
In way pipe fitting, the piston rod 11 stretches to one end in reduced three-way pipe fitting and is equipped with backboard 9, is formed between backboard 9 and test specimen 5
One cavity, the size of the cavity are adjusted by piston rod 11；Said structure is supported by base 2, forms sound wave oblique incidence material
Acoustic absorptivity measuring device；When the angle between voice tube 3 and reflection tube 7 is 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, reduced three-way pipe fitting
First opening, second opening cross section be equal diameter circle, the 3rd opening cross section for short axle it is identical, major axis is different
It is oval.
The tee pipe fitting 4 is equal tee pipe fitting, and test specimen 5 is placed in the equal tee pipe fitting, described isometrical
3rd opening of tee pipe fitting is connected with reflecting one end of pipe 12, and the other end of the refraction pipe 12 is provided with scud-absorbing treatment pipe
Filling sucting sound material makes the noiseless wave reflection in 12 end of refraction pipe in B13, scud-absorbing treatment pipe B13；Two are set on the refraction pipe 12
A mounting hole 6, installs microphone, and microphone front end and impedance tube in two mounting holes 6 respectively --- refraction 12 inner wall phase of pipe
It is flat；Said structure is supported by base 2, forms sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device；When voice tube 3 and reflection tube 7 it
Between angle when being 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, the first opening of equal tee pipe fitting, the second opening, the cross section of the 3rd opening
It is equal diameter circle.
The measuring method of the sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1) signal generator makes loudspeaker into sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device by power amplifier
Send white Gaussian noise；
2) four-way data collecting card is connected by signal conditioner with microphone, gathers the sound at microphone position respectively
Signal is pressed, and is passed in computer；
3) computer calculates the sound after four kinds of reduced three-way pipe fittings are put into test specimen respectively using acoustic absorptivity calculation formula
Under the incident each angle of ripple the reflectance factor of material and acoustic absorptivity with frequency change curve.
The reflectance factor and the calculating process of acoustic absorptivity are as follows：
1) near-end microphone on voice tube, i.e., the microphone nearest apart from test specimen on voice tube, the acoustic pressure collected are p2,
Distal end microphone on voice tube, i.e., the microphone farthest apart from test specimen on voice tube, the acoustic pressure collected are p1, by p2With p1Make
Business, it is H to try to achieve incidence wave transmission function1；
2) by near-end microphone on reflection tube, i.e., the microphone nearest from test specimen on reflection tube, the acoustic pressure collected is p3,
With distal end microphone on reflection tube, i.e., the microphone farthest from test specimen on reflection tube, the acoustic pressure collected is p4, by p3With p4Make
Business, it is H to try to achieve back wave transmission function2；
3) voice tube and the incidence wave that the respective distal end microphone pick of reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure are P1, pass
Sound pipe is P with the incidence wave that the respective near-end microphone pick of reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure2, by P2With P1Make business, ask
The transmission function for obtaining total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device is H12；
4) transmission function of total sound field and incidence wave transmission function and back wave transmission in acoustic absorptivity measuring device are utilized
Functional relation, can derive that reflectance factor r is calculated by following equation：Wherein H1For incidence wave transmission
Function, H2For back wave transmission function, H12For the transmission function of total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device, x1For voice tube and instead
Test specimen and distal end microphone on pipe are penetrated, i.e., with a distance from microphone farthest from test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube；
Acoustic absorptivity α is calculated by following equation：α=1- | r |2。
The measuring method of the sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1) signal generator makes loudspeaker be sent out into sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device by power amplifier
Go out white Gaussian noise；
2) six channel data capture cards are connected by signal conditioner with microphone, gather the sound at microphone position respectively
Signal is pressed, and is passed in computer；
3) computer calculates the sound wave after four kinds of equal tee pipe fittings are put into test specimen respectively using oise insulation factor calculation formula
Under incident each angle the transmission coefficient of material and oise insulation factor with frequency change curve.
The transmission coefficient and the calculating process of oise insulation factor are as follows：Transmission coefficient tpCalculated by following equation：
Oise insulation factor TL is calculated by following equation：TL=-20lgtp|
Wherein x1For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and distal end microphone, i.e., voice tube with it is farthest from test specimen on reflection tube
Microphone distance, x2For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and near-end microphone, i.e., from test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube
The distance of nearest microphone, x3Upper test specimen and the distance of near-end microphone, x are managed for refraction4Upper test specimen is managed for refraction to pass with distal end
The distance of sound device, P1For away from test specimen x1The acoustic pressure of two microphone picks and P at position2For away from test specimen x2At position two it is transaudient
The acoustic pressure of device collection and P3For away from test specimen x3The acoustic pressure of microphone pick, P at position4For away from test specimen x4Microphone pick at position
Acoustic pressure,Sound pressure amplitude is answered for incidence wave,Transmitted wave answers sound pressure amplitude, and k is the complex wave number of sound wave, and s is voice tube, reflection
Pipe and two microphone spacing in transmissive tube, tpFor transmission coefficient, TL is oise insulation factor.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity with sound insulation measuring device actually by
Reducer tee is replaced with equal tee pipe fitting to change angle during sound wave incident material, which can measure sound wave incident
Angle is change curve of the acoustic absorptivity of 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 ° materials with oise insulation factor with frequency.It is transaudient using two during test
Device spacing difference adjusts the frequency range of test, it is possible to achieve material acoustic absorptivity of the frequency from 100Hz to 1600Hz with every
Volume measures.And sample needed for the device is small, equipment is simple, in common lab with regard to operable.Thus sound wave oblique incidence material
Acoustic absorptivity just has that light, measuring method easy to operate is simple, economical convenient with sound insulation measuring device, measurable larger frequency band
The excellent in performance such as change of material acoustic absorptivity and oise insulation factor during interior sound wave oblique incidence.These excellent in performance can be largely
Improve science and technology now.Acoustic absorptivity, reflectance factor and impedance and admittance measurement etc. in sound wave oblique incidence material
Show new advantage.
Brief description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, forms the part of the application, this hair
Bright illustrative example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the reduced three-way pipe fitting (angle of voice tube and reflection tube is 30 °, 60 °, 75 °) and test specimen cylinder of the present invention
Structure diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the structure of the equal tee pipe fitting (angle of voice tube and reflection tube is 30 °, 60 °, 75 °) of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 5 is the circuit module block diagram of the sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the circuit module block diagram of the sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device of the present invention.
In figure：1st, loudspeaker；2nd, base；3rd, voice tube；4th, tee pipe fitting；5th, test specimen；6th, mounting hole；7th, reflection tube；8、
Scud-absorbing treatment pipe A；9th, backboard；10th, test specimen cylinder；11st, piston rod；12nd, refraction pipe；13rd, scud-absorbing treatment pipe B.
Embodiment
The detailed content and its embodiment of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity of the invention and sound insulation measuring device, raise one's voice
Device 1 is connected with one end of voice tube 3, and the other end of the voice tube 3 is connected with the first opening of tee pipe fitting 4；Reflection tube 7
One end is provided with scud-absorbing treatment pipe A8, and the other end is connected with the second opening of tee pipe fitting 4；Filling in the scud-absorbing treatment pipe A8
Sound-absorbing material makes the noiseless wave reflection in 7 end of reflection tube；Three mounting holes 6, two of which mounting hole 6 are set on the voice tube 3
Interior installation microphone, and microphone front end and impedance tube --- 3 inner wall of voice tube is equal, another mounting hole 6 passes through made of metal
The mandril temporary sealing of work is to prevent leak-stopping sound；Three mounting holes 6 are set on the reflection tube 7, are installed in two of which mounting hole 6
Microphone, and microphone front end and impedance tube --- 7 inner wall of reflection tube is equal, the top that another mounting hole 6 is made by metal
Bar temporary sealing is to prevent leak-stopping sound.
Angle between the voice tube 3 and reflection tube 7 is 30 °~75 °.
The tee pipe fitting 4 is reduced three-way pipe fitting, and test specimen 5 is placed in the reduced three-way pipe fitting, the reducing
3rd opening of tee pipe fitting is connected with test specimen cylinder 10, and the cross section of test specimen cylinder is identical with reduced three-way pipe fitting, the test specimen cylinder
10 are provided centrally with piston rod 11 and go deep into reduced three-way pipe fitting, and the piston rod 11 stretched in reduced three-way pipe fitting
One end is equipped with backboard 9, and a cavity is formed between backboard 9 and test specimen 5, and the size of the cavity is adjusted by piston rod 11, piston
The bar other end is carved with calibration record sample to the distance of back plate surface；Said structure is supported by base 2, forms sound wave oblique incidence material
Expect acoustic absorptivity measuring device.The frequency range of test is adjusted using two microphone spacing differences during test, realizes frequency
Material acoustic absorptivity measurement from 100Hz to 1600Hz.
When the angle between voice tube 3 and reflection tube 7 is 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, the first of reduced three-way pipe fitting opens
Mouth, the cross section of the second opening are equal diameter circle, and the cross section of the 3rd opening is identical for short axle, the different ellipse of major axis.
The tee pipe fitting 4 is equal tee pipe fitting, and test specimen 5 is placed in the equal tee pipe fitting, described isometrical
3rd opening of tee pipe fitting is connected with reflecting one end of pipe 12, and the other end of the refraction pipe 12 is provided with scud-absorbing treatment pipe
Filling sucting sound material makes the noiseless wave reflection in 12 end of refraction pipe in B13, scud-absorbing treatment pipe B13；Two are set on the refraction pipe 12
A mounting hole 6, installs microphone, and microphone front end and impedance tube in two mounting holes 6 respectively --- refraction 12 inner wall phase of pipe
It is flat；Said structure is supported by base 2, forms sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device.Two microphones are utilized during test
Spacing difference adjusts the frequency range of test, realizes material sound insulation measurement of the frequency from 100Hz to 1600Hz.
When the angle between voice tube 3 and reflection tube 7 is 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, the first of equal tee pipe fitting opens
Mouth, the second opening, the cross section of the 3rd opening are equal diameter circle.
The measuring method of the sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device comprises the following steps：
1) signal generator makes loudspeaker into sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device by power amplifier
Send white Gaussian noise；
2) four-way data collecting card is connected by signal conditioner with microphone, respectively four kinds of reducer tees of collection installation
Sound pressure signal in the impedance tube of pipe fitting at microphone position, and be passed in computer；
3) computer calculates the sound after four kinds of reduced three-way pipe fittings are put into test specimen respectively using acoustic absorptivity calculation formula
Under the incident each angle of ripple the reflectance factor of material and acoustic absorptivity with frequency change curve.
The reflectance factor and the calculating process of acoustic absorptivity are as follows：
1) near-end microphone on voice tube, i.e., the microphone nearest apart from test specimen on voice tube, the acoustic pressure collected are p2,
Distal end microphone on voice tube, i.e., the microphone farthest apart from test specimen on voice tube, the acoustic pressure collected are p1, by p2With p1Make
Business, it is H to try to achieve incidence wave transmission function1；
2) by near-end microphone on reflection tube, i.e., the microphone nearest from test specimen on reflection tube, the acoustic pressure collected is p3,
With distal end microphone on reflection tube, i.e., the microphone farthest from test specimen on reflection tube, the acoustic pressure collected is p4, by p3With p4Make
Business, it is H to try to achieve back wave transmission function2；
3) voice tube and the incidence wave that the respective distal end microphone pick of reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure are P1, pass
Sound pipe is P with the incidence wave that the respective near-end microphone pick of reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure2, by P2With P1Make business, ask
The transmission function for obtaining total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device is H12；
4) transmission function of total sound field and incidence wave transmission function and back wave transmission in acoustic absorptivity measuring device are utilized
Functional relation, can derive that reflectance factor r is calculated by following equation：Wherein H1For incidence wave transmission
Function, H2For back wave transmission function, H12For the transmission function of total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device, x1For voice tube and instead
Test specimen and distal end microphone on pipe are penetrated, i.e., with a distance from microphone farthest from test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube；
Acoustic absorptivity α is calculated by following equation：α=1- | r |2。
The measuring method of the sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device comprises the following steps：
1) signal generator makes loudspeaker be sent out into sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device by power amplifier
Go out white Gaussian noise；
2) six channel data capture cards are connected by signal conditioner with microphone, respectively four kinds of equal tees of collection installation
Sound pressure signal in the impedance tube of pipe fitting at microphone position, and be passed in computer；
3) computer calculates the sound wave after four kinds of equal tee pipe fittings are put into test specimen respectively using oise insulation factor calculation formula
Under incident each angle the transmission coefficient of material and oise insulation factor with frequency change curve.
The transmission coefficient and the calculating process of oise insulation factor are as follows：Transmission coefficient tpCalculated by following equation：
Oise insulation factor TL is calculated by following equation：TL=-20lg | tp|
Wherein x1For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and distal end microphone, i.e., voice tube with it is farthest from test specimen on reflection tube
Microphone distance, x2For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and near-end microphone, i.e., from test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube
The distance of nearest microphone, x3Upper test specimen and the distance of near-end microphone, x are managed for refraction4Upper test specimen is managed for refraction to pass with distal end
The distance of sound device, P1For away from test specimen x1The acoustic pressure of two microphone picks and P at position2For away from test specimen x2At position two it is transaudient
The acoustic pressure of device collection and P3For away from test specimen x3The acoustic pressure of microphone pick, P at position4For away from test specimen x4Microphone pick at position
Acoustic pressure,Sound pressure amplitude is answered for incidence wave,Transmitted wave answers sound pressure amplitude, and k is the complex wave number of sound wave, and s is voice tube, reflection
Pipe and two microphone spacing in transmissive tube, tpFor transmission coefficient, TL is oise insulation factor.
Embodiment：
The measuring method of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1) preparation before, measuring：
Test specimen is put into reduced three-way pipe fitting center, according to sound wave principle of reflection, near-end microphone on test specimen to voice tube
With a distance from (microphone nearest from test specimen on voice tube) with test specimen to near-end microphone on reflection tube (on reflection tube from test specimen most
Near microphone) microphone distance it is identical, voice tube three microphone spacing respective with reflection tube are also identical, to avoid trying
The distortion of part surficial acoustic field produces error, and test specimen is apart from near-end microphone (voice tube and microphone nearest from test specimen on reflection tube)
Distance should be greater than twice of caliber, according to shown in Fig. 1, the impedance tube of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device is installed
It is good, due to being influenced be subject to humidity, temperature or microphone internal structure, microphone before use using calibrator to microphone into
Rower is determined；According to shown in Fig. 5, loudspeaker is connected by amplifier, signal generator with computer, four microphones are distinguished
It is connected with signal conditioner, the signal conditioner is connected with data collecting card respectively, the data collecting card and computer phase
Even；Opening signal generator produces plane wave, certain loudspeaker can also produce through amplifier drive the speaker sounding in impedance tube
Raw higher-order wave, therefore the present invention is plane wave for ensure to propagate in pipe, loudspeaker surface to distal end microphone (on voice tube from
The farthest microphone of test specimen) distance be more than three times caliber, speaker operation more than 10 minutes, its working performance tends towards stability
When, indicate that preparation is completed；
2) sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity, is measured：
2.1) sound pressure signal of each microphone corresponding position is gathered using the data collecting card of four-way；
2.2) acoustic pressure that near-end microphone (microphone nearest from test specimen on voice tube) collects on voice tube is p2, pass
The acoustic pressure that distal end microphone (microphone farthest from test specimen on voice tube) collects on sound pipe is p1, by p2With p1Make business, try to achieve
Incidence wave transmission function is H1；
2.3) acoustic pressure for collecting near-end microphone on reflection tube (microphone nearest from test specimen on reflection tube) is p3,
The acoustic pressure collected with distal end microphone on reflection tube (microphone farthest from test specimen on reflection tube) is p4, by p3With p4Make business,
It is H to try to achieve back wave transmission function2；
2.4) voice tube and the incidence wave that distal end microphone pick on reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure are P1, it is transaudient
Pipe is P with the incidence wave that near-end microphone pick on reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure2, by P2With P1Make business, try to achieve sound absorption
The transmission function of total sound field is H in coefficient measuring device12；
2.5) transmission function of total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device is utilized to be passed with incidence wave transmission function and back wave
Delivery function relation, can derive that reflectance factor r is calculated by following equation：Wherein H1Passed for incidence wave
Delivery function, H2For back wave transmission function, H12For the transmission function of total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device, x1For voice tube with
On reflection tube with a distance from test specimen and distal end microphone (voice tube and microphone farthest from test specimen on reflection tube)；According to formula α
=1- | r |2The acoustic absorptivity of material when can obtain sound wave oblique incidence；
2.6) reduced three-way pipe fitting in Fig. 3 and test specimen cylinder are replaced into oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device, weight
Multiple step 2, eventually pass through numerical computations can be visually seen the acoustic absorptivities of 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, the 75 ° materials in sound wave incident angle with
The change curve of frequency.
The measuring method of sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1) preparation before, measuring：
Test specimen is put into reduced three-way pipe fitting center, according to sound wave principle of reflection, near-end microphone on test specimen to voice tube
With a distance from (microphone nearest from test specimen on voice tube) with test specimen to near-end microphone on reflection tube (on reflection tube from test specimen most
Near microphone) microphone distance it is identical, voice tube three microphone spacing respective with reflection tube are also identical, to avoid sample
The distortion of product surficial acoustic field produces error, and test specimen is apart from near-end microphone (voice tube and microphone nearest from test specimen on reflection tube)
Distance should be greater than twice of caliber, test specimen should be greatly with a distance from near-end microphone (the upper microphone nearest from test specimen of refraction pipe)
In three times caliber, according to shown in Fig. 1, the impedance tube of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device is installed, due to by
To the influence of humidity, temperature or microphone internal structure, microphone before use demarcates microphone using calibrator；Press
According to shown in Fig. 5, loudspeaker is connected by amplifier, signal generator with computer, by four microphones respectively with signal tune
Reason device is connected, and the signal conditioner is connected with data collecting card respectively, and the data collecting card is connected with computer；Open letter
Number generator produces plane wave through amplifier drive the speaker sounding in impedance tube, and certain loudspeaker can also produce higher-order wave,
Therefore the present invention is plane wave for ensure to propagate in pipe, and loudspeaker surface to distal end microphone is (farthest from test specimen on voice tube
Microphone) distance be more than three times caliber, speaker operation more than 10 minutes, when its working performance tends towards stability, indicates
Preparation is completed.
2) sound wave oblique incidence material oise insulation factor, is measured：
2.1) sound pressure signal of each microphone corresponding position in the data collecting card collection impedance tube of six passages is utilized；
2.2) formula is utilized
The transmission coefficient of material, wherein x when can obtain sound wave oblique incidence1For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and distal end
On microphone, i.e. voice tube and reflection tube with a distance from the microphone farthest from test specimen, x2For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube with
On near-end microphone, i.e. voice tube and reflection tube with a distance from the microphone nearest from test specimen, x3Upper test specimen and near-end are managed for refraction
The distance of microphone, x4Upper test specimen and the distance of distal end microphone, P are managed for refraction1For away from test specimen x1Two microphones are adopted at position
The acoustic pressure of collection and P2For away from test specimen x2The acoustic pressure of two microphone picks and P at position3For away from test specimen x3Microphone is adopted at position
The acoustic pressure of collection, P4For away from test specimen x4The acoustic pressure of microphone pick at position,Sound pressure amplitude is answered for incidence wave,Transmitted wave answers sound
Pressure amplitude value, k are the complex wave number of sound wave, and s is two microphone spacing in voice tube, reflection tube and transmissive tube, tpFor transmission coefficient, TL
For oise insulation factor.
2.3) isometrical tee pipe fitting in Fig. 4 is replaced in insulating against sound measuring device to oblique incidence material, repeat step 2, most
The oise insulation factor that 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, the 75 ° materials in sound wave incident angle can be can be visually seen by numerical computations eventually is bent with the change of frequency
Line.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the invention, for the technology of this area
For personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. made for the present invention,
It should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Loudspeaker (1) and voice tube
(3) one end is connected, and the other end of the voice tube (3) is connected with the first opening of tee pipe fitting (4)；The one of reflection tube (7)
End is provided with scud-absorbing treatment pipe A (8), and the other end is connected with the second opening of tee pipe fitting (4)；In the scud-absorbing treatment pipe A (8)
Filling sucting sound material makes the noiseless wave reflection in reflection tube (7) end；Three mounting holes (6) are set on the voice tube (3), wherein two
Installation microphone in a mounting hole (6), and microphone front end and impedance tube --- voice tube (3) inner wall is equal, another installation
The mandril temporary sealing that hole (6) is made by metal is to prevent leak-stopping sound；Three mounting holes (6) are set on the reflection tube (7), its
In installation microphone in two mounting holes (6), and microphone front end and impedance tube --- reflection tube (7) inner wall is equal, another
The mandril temporary sealing that mounting hole (6) is made by metal is to prevent leak-stopping sound.
2. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 1 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
Angle between the voice tube (3) and reflection tube (7) stated is 30 °~75 °.
3. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 1 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
The tee pipe fitting (4) stated is reduced three-way pipe fitting, and test specimen (5) is placed in the reduced three-way pipe fitting, the reduced tee
3rd opening of part is connected with test specimen cylinder (10), and the test specimen cylinder (10) is provided centrally with piston rod (11) and gos deep into reducing three
In way pipe fitting, the piston rod (11) stretches to one end in reduced three-way pipe fitting and is equipped with backboard (9), backboard (9) and test specimen (5)
Between form a cavity, the size of the cavity passes through piston rod (11) and adjusts；Said structure is supported by base (2), composition sound
Ripple oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device；When the angle between voice tube (3) and reflection tube (7) is 30 °, 45 °, 60 °,
At 75 °, the first opening of reduced three-way pipe fitting, the cross section of the second opening are equal diameter circle, and the cross section of the 3rd opening is
Short axle is identical, the different ellipse of major axis.
4. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 1 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
The tee pipe fitting (4) stated is equal tee pipe fitting, and test specimen (5) is placed in the equal tee pipe fitting, the straight tee
3rd opening of part is connected with one end of refraction pipe (12), and the other end of the refraction pipe (12) is provided with scud-absorbing treatment pipe B
(13), scud-absorbing treatment pipe B (13) interior filling sucting sound material makes the noiseless wave reflection in refraction pipe (12) end；On the refraction pipe (12)
Two mounting holes (6) are set, microphone, and microphone front end and impedance tube are installed respectively in two mounting holes (6) --- refraction
It is equal to manage (12) inner wall；Said structure is supported by base (2), forms sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device；When transaudient
When the angle managed between (3) and reflection tube (7) is 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 75 °, the first opening of equal tee pipe fitting, second open
Mouth, the cross section of the 3rd opening are equal diameter circle.
5. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 3 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
The measuring method for the sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device stated comprises the following steps：
1) signal generator makes loudspeaker be sent into sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity measuring device by power amplifier
White Gaussian noise；
2) four-way data collecting card is connected by signal conditioner with microphone, gathers the acoustic pressure letter at microphone position respectively
Number, and be passed in computer；
3) computer using acoustic absorptivity calculation formula calculates four kinds of reduced three-way pipe fittings and is put into the sound wave after test specimen respectively enters
The reflectance factor of material and acoustic absorptivity are penetrated under each angle with the change curve of frequency.
6. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 5 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
The reflectance factor and the calculating process of acoustic absorptivity stated are as follows：
1) near-end microphone on voice tube, i.e., the microphone nearest apart from test specimen on voice tube, the acoustic pressure collected are p2, it is transaudient
Distal end microphone on pipe, i.e., the microphone farthest apart from test specimen on voice tube, the acoustic pressure collected are p1, by p2With p1Make business, ask
It is H to obtain incidence wave transmission function1；
2) by near-end microphone on reflection tube, i.e., the microphone nearest from test specimen on reflection tube, the acoustic pressure collected is p3, it is and anti-
Distal end microphone on pipe is penetrated, i.e., the microphone farthest from test specimen on reflection tube, the acoustic pressure collected is p4, by p3With p4Make business, ask
It is H to obtain back wave transmission function2；
3) voice tube and the incidence wave that the respective distal end microphone pick of reflection tube arrives and the summation of back wave acoustic pressure are P1, voice tube
The incidence wave arrived with the respective near-end microphone pick of reflection tube is P with the summation of back wave acoustic pressure2, by P2With P1Make business, try to achieve suction
The transmission function of total sound field is H in sound coefficient measuring device12；
4) transmission function and incidence wave transmission function and back wave transmission function of total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device are utilized
Relation, can derive that reflectance factor r is calculated by following equation：Wherein H1For incidence wave transmission function,
H2For back wave transmission function, H12For the transmission function of total sound field in acoustic absorptivity measuring device, x1For voice tube and reflection tube
Upper test specimen and distal end microphone, i.e., with a distance from microphone farthest from test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube；
Acoustic absorptivity α is calculated by following equation：α=1- | r |2。
7. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 4 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
The measuring method for the sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device stated comprises the following steps：
1) signal generator makes loudspeaker send height into sound wave oblique incidence material sound insulation measuring device by power amplifier
This white noise；
2) six channel data capture cards are connected by signal conditioner with microphone, gather the acoustic pressure letter at microphone position respectively
Number, and be passed in computer；
3) computer calculates the sound wave incident after four kinds of equal tee pipe fittings are put into test specimen respectively using oise insulation factor calculation formula
Under each angle the transmission coefficient of material and oise insulation factor with frequency change curve.
8. sound wave oblique incidence material acoustic absorptivity according to claim 7 and sound insulation measuring device, it is characterised in that：Institute
The transmission coefficient and the calculating process of oise insulation factor stated are as follows：Transmission coefficient tpCalculated by following equation：
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Oise insulation factor TL is calculated by following equation：TL=-20lg | t |p
Wherein x1For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and distal end microphone, i.e. voice tube and biography farthest from test specimen on reflection tube
The distance of sound device, x2For test specimen on voice tube and reflection tube and near-end microphone, i.e., voice tube with it is nearest from test specimen on reflection tube
Microphone distance, x3Upper test specimen and the distance of near-end microphone, x are managed for refraction4Upper test specimen and distal end microphone are managed for refraction
Distance, P1For away from test specimen x1The acoustic pressure of two microphone picks and P at position2For away from test specimen x2Two microphones are adopted at position
The acoustic pressure of collection and P3For away from test specimen x3The acoustic pressure of microphone pick, P at position4For away from test specimen x4The sound of microphone pick at position
Pressure,Sound pressure amplitude is answered for incidence wave,Transmitted wave answers sound pressure amplitude, and k is the complex wave number of sound wave, s is voice tube, reflection tube with
Two microphone spacing, t in transmissive tubepFor transmission coefficient, TL is oise insulation factor.
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