CN109307711B - Train through passage sound insulation performance test method based on reverberation chamber and anechoic chamber - Google Patents
Train through passage sound insulation performance test method based on reverberation chamber and anechoic chamber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method comprises the steps of firstly building a combined acoustic laboratory which is enough to accommodate the through train passage to be tested and comprises a sound attenuation chamber and the sound attenuation chamber, giving specific sound attenuation chamber building indexes, exactly giving specific arrangement positions of a non-directional sound source and three sound attenuation field microphones for generating excitation of a sound attenuation field, giving layout positions of sound insulation plate blocking tools and sound insulation performance index parameters, and giving an empirical formula for calculating sound insulation quantity of the through train passage in the environments of the sound attenuation chamber and the sound attenuation chamber. The method can avoid external interference by means of the isolation function of the anechoic chamber on the environmental noise, greatly improve the accuracy of acoustic data, and implement data analysis and calculation based on the sound insulation performance test method of the train through passage in the environments of the anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sound insulation performance measuring methods of through passage devices of railway vehicles, and particularly relates to a sound insulation performance testing method of a through passage of a train based on a reverberation chamber and a anechoic chamber.
Background
Prior art relating to this patent
As shown in fig. 1, a through passage 1 of a railway passenger car is a telescopic flexible passage which is formed by connecting a plurality of link frames in series through flexible skins and is similar to an accordion bellows structure, is used for connecting two adjacent carriages, and enables a train to run on a curve on a circular arc track.
In order to optimize the noise reduction performance of the through passage, an acoustic test of the sound insulation performance of the through passage is required, so that a sound insulation performance parameter of the through passage is obtained and is used as a basis for noise reduction optimization.
The second prior art related to this patent: state of the art anechoic chamber
The anechoic chamber is an integral external sound insulation building suitable for the acoustic test of large structural components, a sound absorption wedge is arranged in the anechoic chamber, any sound in the anechoic chamber is not reflected, and external environmental noise is completely isolated by constructing a large closed space with high sound insulation capacity, so that a quiet environment meeting the acoustic test standard is provided for the interior of the anechoic chamber, and various acoustic tests can be conveniently carried out in the environment. The construction process and acceptance criteria of anechoic chambers are well established and well known in the art.
Prior art three relating to this patent: the construction process and acceptance standard of the standard reverberation room are mature and well-known prior art, and the design and construction of the national reverberation room are generally in accordance with the series standards of ISO 3741-2010 and GB/T6881.
The four prior art related to this patent is the fundamental principle of the reverberation-reverberation chamber and its sound pressure-sound pressure method:
at the present stage, a sound insulation test of a part to be tested is carried out according to the architectural standard GB/T19889.3-2005 laboratory measurement for measuring sound insulation of acoustic buildings and building components in part 3 of the laboratory measurement of air sound insulation of the building components. Two reverberation chambers need to be arranged during testing, and the two reverberation chambers are communicated with each other through a reverberation chamber test window; one of the reverberation chambers is used as a generating chamber for placing a sound source, an acoustic sensor is placed at the same time, the other reverberation chamber is used as a receiving chamber for placing only the acoustic sensor, and then the sound insulation characteristic of a test part of the reverberation chamber is calculated by utilizing the difference value of average sound fields obtained by the test of the two reverberation chambers; reverberation-reverberation chambers and their sound pressure-sound pressure method are well established and well known prior art.
Prior art related to this patent five: the existing method for testing the sound insulation performance of the through passage based on the reverberation-reverberation chamber and the sound pressure-sound pressure method thereof comprises the following steps:
due to the fact that the through passage is large in size and has the flexible telescopic characteristic, a standard method is not available for a sound insulation test of the through passage structure of the rail transit vehicle at present, and a test method adopted by an acoustic laboratory at home and abroad for the sound insulation characteristic of the through passage is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: cutting the through passage into two halves with equal ring section number in the middle section of a plurality of links of the through passage, and testing the sound insulation characteristic of only the cut half through passage structure;
step two: performing sound insulation sealing on the front and rear open ends of the half through passage structure in the step one by using a structure higher than the estimated sound insulation amount of the half through passage structure, and ensuring that the sound energy radiated by a sound source can be transmitted from the left and right side walls and the upper and lower end surfaces of the half through passage structure;
step three: according to the well-established and known principle based on the sound pressure-sound pressure method of the reverberation-reverberation chamber in the prior art, the sound insulation characteristic test of the sound pressure-sound pressure method is carried out on the half through passage structure after the sound insulation sealing in the step two, and the sound insulation characteristic test specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 3.1: placing the sound-insulated and sealed half through passage structure at the position of a reverberation-reverberation test window, paying attention to the sealing treatment of the structure and the periphery, and placing standard sound source equipment inside a reverberation-sounding chamber according to the requirement of a sound pressure-sound pressure method to form a standard reverberation field inside the reverberation-sounding chamber;
step 3.2: arranging a plurality of microphones in the reverberation-sound receiving chamber according to the technical requirements of the layout of the sampling equipment given by a sound pressure-sound pressure method;
step 3.3: emitting test sounds under given parameters by the standard sound source equipment in the step 3.1, and carrying out sampling collection of sound data by a microphone inside the reverberation-sound receiving room in the step 3.2;
step 3.4: according to a known algorithm given by a sound pressure-sound pressure method given by the fourth prior art, the sound data sampled in the step 3.3 is calculated, so that the sound insulation characteristic analysis result of the half through passage structure can be obtained, and a calculation formula (1) of the sound insulation quantity R of the part to be measured is as follows:
in the formula (1), L1 is the average sound pressure level of the reverberation-sound generating chamber, L2 is the average sound pressure level of the reverberation-sound receiving chamber, a is the sound absorption quantity of the receiving chamber of the reverberation chamber, and S is the area of the test opening (test sample);
step four: and equivalently considering the sound insulation characteristic analysis result of the half through passage structure obtained in the step three as the sound insulation characteristic analysis result of the complete through passage.
The reasons why the aforementioned prior art is not suitable for the through passage sound insulation performance test are as follows:
because the through passage has a large volume and has a flexible telescopic characteristic, in order to save test cost, the existing through passage sound insulation performance test method based on the reverberation-reverberation chamber and the sound pressure-sound pressure method thereof does not construct a large reverberation-reverberation chamber enough for accommodating the whole through passage, but only tests a half through passage structure, and only can test the sound insulation characteristic of a local through passage matched with the area of a test window of the reverberation chamber, so the test result cannot completely replace the whole sound insulation characteristic analysis result of the whole through passage, the test result cannot meet the sound insulation characteristic test of a large-size part, the test result has certain error for evaluating the sound insulation characteristic of the whole part, and the confidence coefficient is not ideal.
In addition, the algorithm formula of the existing sound pressure-sound pressure method is not reasonable enough, the error is large, and the analysis speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the existing through passage is huge in size and has flexible telescopic characteristic, and therefore in order to save test cost, the existing through passage sound insulation performance test method based on a reverberation-reverberation chamber and a sound pressure-sound pressure method thereof does not build a huge reverberation-reverberation chamber enough for accommodating the whole through passage, but only tests on a half through passage structure, so that the test result cannot completely replace the sound insulation characteristic analysis result of the complete through passage, and the confidence coefficient is not ideal; the invention provides a train through passage sound insulation performance testing method based on a reverberation chamber and a anechoic chamber, and solves the technical problems that an algorithm formula of an existing sound pressure-sound pressure method is not reasonable enough, an error is large, and an analysis speed is slow.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a train through passage sound insulation performance test method based on a reverberation room and a sound-deadening room comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a united acoustic laboratory which is enough to accommodate the whole through passage and comprises an anechoic room and a reverberation room according to the external dimension of the through passage of the train; the silencing chamber is rectangular, and the internal size of the silencing chamber is larger than the external size of the through passage to be measured; the reverberation chamber is square, and is communicated with one side wall of the anechoic chamber through a rectangular reverberation test window; the external dimension of the through passage is 120% of the dimension of a reverberation test window;
step two: placing the through passage in the anechoic chamber in the step one, and performing sound insulation sealing on the front opening end and the rear opening end of the through passage by using a sound insulation plate plugging tool which is higher than the estimated sound insulation amount of the through passage and has a sound absorption coefficient smaller than 0.1 to ensure that the sound energy radiated by a sound source can only be transmitted from each side surface of the through passage; correspondingly sealing the reverberation test window by using one outer side wall of the through passage after sound insulation sealing treatment;
step three: arranging a non-directional sound source and three reverberation field microphones in the reverberation room, and adjusting the height of the non-directional sound source and the positions in the reverberation room to ensure that sound pressure level difference values obtained by testing the three reverberation field microphones in the reverberation room are all smaller than 1dB so as to confirm that the interior of the reverberation room generates uniform reverberation field excitation;
step four: according to a known sound power method, respectively carrying out transmission sound power L on the outer side wall of the through passage on the side, away from the reverberation chamber, of the structure of the through passage subjected to the sound insulation sealing treatment in the step twowAnd performing transmission sound power L on the outer side wall of the through passage close to the side of the reverberation chamber on the structure of the through passage subjected to the sound insulation sealing treatment in the step twopMeasuring (2);
step five: and calculating the sound insulation quantity of the through passage of the train under the environments of the reverberation room and the anechoic room according to the following formula:
TL＝LP-6-LW…(2)。
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for testing the sound insulation performance of the train through passage based on the anechoic chamber environment initiatively provides a united acoustic laboratory which is enough to contain the measured train through passage and comprises the anechoic chamber and a reverberation chamber, and provides specific anechoic chamber construction indexes, so that the external interference is avoided by means of the isolation function of the anechoic chamber on the environmental noise, and the accuracy of acoustic data is greatly improved.
The invention provides a specific arrangement position of a non-directional sound source and three reverberant field microphones for generating reverberant field excitation, a layout position of a sound insulation plate blocking tool and sound insulation performance index parameters aiming at the special condition that the structure of a through passage of a railway passenger car is huge and has flexible telescopic characteristics, so that the internal space of the through passage is closed and becomes a reverberant room capable of generating uniform reverberant field excitation under the excitation of the non-directional sound source, a necessary acoustic test environment is created for calculating the sound insulation quantity of the through passage of the train under the environment of a sound-proof room according to an empirical formula provided by the invention, and meanwhile, a new scheme for measuring the transmission sound power of the whole through passage structure by using a sound intensity scanning method is implemented, and the requirement for evaluating the sound insulation performance of the whole through passage is further met.
The invention also provides an empirical formula for solving the sound insulation quantity of the through train passage in the anechoic room environment, an acquisition method of each variable in the formula and an adjustment compensation coefficient required by calculation through a large number of experimental tests and empirical summarization, thereby implementing data analysis and calculation based on the sound insulation performance test method of the through train passage in the anechoic room and the reverberant room environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional complete through-train passage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the application of two sound insulation plate plugging tools of the present invention to sound insulation sealing of the front and rear ports of a complete through passage respectively;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view configuration of a joint acoustic laboratory of the present invention including an anechoic chamber and a reverberation chamber;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sound insulation performance test of the train through passage by the united acoustic laboratory of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the method for testing the sound insulation performance of the train through passage based on the reverberation chamber and the anechoic chamber comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a united acoustic laboratory 5 sufficient to accommodate the through passage 1 according to the external dimensions of a single complete through passage 1 of the train, wherein the united acoustic laboratory 5 comprises an anechoic chamber 5-1 and a reverberation chamber 5-2; the anechoic chamber 5-1 is rectangular, and the internal size of the anechoic chamber is larger than the external size of a single tested complete through passage 1; the reverberation chamber 5-2 is square, and is communicated with one side wall of the anechoic chamber 5-1 through a rectangular reverberation test window 5-1-1; the external dimension of the through passage 1 is 120% of the dimension of a reverberation test window 5-1-1; the cutoff frequency of the anechoic chamber 5-1 is not more than 50Hz, the natural frequencies of the shock insulation floor, the side wall and the ceiling are not higher than 3.57Hz, and the shock insulation efficiency to the 50Hz shock excitation frequency is not less than 99%; the background noise parameters of the anechoic chamber 5-1 need to satisfy the following conditions: background noise of the anechoic chamber air conditioning ventilation system in a closed state is not more than 15dB (A); background noise of the anechoic chamber air conditioning ventilation system in the starting state is not more than 25dB (A); the reverberation chamber 5-2 conforms to the acoustic conditions and building standards of a standard reverberation chamber;
step two: placing the through passage 1 in the anechoic chamber 5-1 in the step one, and performing sound insulation sealing on the front opening end and the rear opening end of the through passage by using a sound insulation plate plugging tool 2 which is higher than the estimated sound insulation amount of the through passage and has a sound absorption coefficient smaller than 0.1 to ensure that the sound energy radiated by a sound source can only be transmitted from each side surface of the through passage 1; correspondingly sealing a reverberation test window 5-1-1 by using one outer side wall 1-1 of the through passage 1 after sound insulation sealing treatment;
step three: arranging a non-directional sound source 3 and three reverberation field microphones 4 in the reverberation chamber 5-2, and adjusting the height of the non-directional sound source 3 and the positions in the reverberation chamber 5-2 to ensure that sound pressure level difference values obtained by testing 4 the three reverberation field microphones in the reverberation chamber 5-2 are all less than 1dB, so that uniform reverberation field excitation generated in the reverberation chamber 5-2 can be confirmed;
step four: the acoustic power of the noise source was determined according to ISO 9614-2 Acoustic-Sound intensity method part 2: according to a known method given by scanning measurement, the transmission sound power L is respectively carried out on the outer side wall of the through passage at the side, away from the reverberation chamber 5-2, of the structure of the through passage 1 subjected to the sound insulation sealing treatment in the step twowAnd performing transmission acoustic power L on the outer side wall of the through passage on the side, close to the reverberation chamber 5-2, of the structure of the through passage 1 subjected to sound insulation sealing treatment in the step twopMeasuring (2);
step five: and calculating the sound insulation quantity of the through passage of the train under the environments of the reverberation room and the anechoic room according to the following formula:
TL＝LP-6-LW……(2)。
Claims (2)
1. a train through passage sound insulation performance test method based on a reverberation room and a sound-deadening room is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a united acoustic laboratory (5) which is enough to accommodate the whole through passage (1) according to the external dimension of the through passage (1) of the train and comprises an anechoic chamber (5-1) and a reverberation chamber (5-2); the anechoic chamber (5-1) is rectangular, and the internal size of the anechoic chamber is larger than the external size of the through passage (1) to be measured; the reverberation chamber (5-2) is square, and is communicated with one side wall of the anechoic chamber (5-1) through a rectangular reverberation test window (5-1-1); the external dimension of the through passage (1) is 120% of the dimension of the reverberation test window (5-1-1);
step two: placing the through passage (1) in the anechoic chamber (5-1) in the step one, and performing sound insulation sealing on the front opening end and the rear opening end of the through passage by using a sound insulation plate plugging tool (2) which is higher than the estimated sound insulation amount of the through passage and has a sound absorption coefficient smaller than 0.1 to ensure that the sound energy radiated by a sound source can only be transmitted from each side surface of the through passage (1); correspondingly sealing a reverberation test window (5-1-1) by using one outer side wall (1-1) of the through passage (1) after sound insulation sealing treatment;
step three: arranging a non-directional sound source (3) and three reverberation field microphones (4) in a reverberation chamber (5-2), and adjusting the height of the non-directional sound source (3) and the position in the reverberation chamber (5-2) to ensure that the sound pressure level difference values tested by the three reverberation field microphones (4) in the reverberation chamber (5-2) are all less than 1dB so as to confirm that uniform reverberation field excitation is generated in the reverberation chamber (5-2);
step four: according to a known sound power method, respectively carrying out transmission sound power L on the outer side wall of the through passage (1) on the side, away from the reverberation chamber (5-2), of the structure of the through passage (1) subjected to sound insulation sealing treatment in the step twowAnd step two, transmitting sound power L is carried out on the outer side wall of the through passage (1) on the side close to the reverberation chamber (5-2) in the sound insulation and sealing treatment structurepMeasuring (2);
step five: and calculating the sound insulation quantity of the through passage of the train under the environments of the reverberation room and the anechoic room according to the following formula:
TL＝LP-6-LW…(2)。
2. the method for testing the sound insulation performance of the train through passage based on the reverberation room and the anechoic room as claimed in claim 1, wherein: step one, the cutoff frequency of the anechoic chamber (5-1) is not more than 50Hz, the natural frequencies of the shock insulation floor, the side wall and the ceiling are not higher than 3.57Hz, and the shock insulation efficiency to the 50Hz shock excitation frequency is not less than 99%; the background noise parameter of the anechoic chamber (5-1) needs to satisfy the following conditions: background noise of the anechoic chamber air conditioning ventilation system in a closed state is not more than 15dB (A); background noise of the anechoic chamber air conditioning ventilation system in the starting state is not more than 25dB (A); the reverberation chamber (5-2) complies with the acoustic conditions and building standards of standard reverberation chambers.
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| CN110133111B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-10-08 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Sound insulation testing device for high-speed rail wall plate in ultralow temperature environment and using method of sound insulation testing device |
| CN111007152B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-08-16 | 无锡吉兴汽车声学部件科技有限公司 | Acoustic performance comprehensive evaluation method and system |
| CN112781846B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-08-18 | 盈普声学（惠州）有限公司 | Fireproof door pressure drop and airflow regeneration noise testing method and fireproof door detection method |
| CN113155972A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Sound insulation performance test device |
| CN114200004A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Method and system for testing high-frequency-band sound absorption coefficient, electronic equipment and computer-readable storage medium |
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