CN109506962A - Acoustic absorptivity test method in track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room - Google Patents
Acoustic absorptivity test method in track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room Download PDFInfo
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- CN109506962A CN109506962A CN201811435859.XA CN201811435859A CN109506962A CN 109506962 A CN109506962 A CN 109506962A CN 201811435859 A CN201811435859 A CN 201811435859A CN 109506962 A CN109506962 A CN 109506962A
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100494448 Caenorhabditis elegans cab-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012356 Product development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Acoustic absorptivity test method belongs to the test method field of track train drivers' cab inner sound absorption coefficient in track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room, this method builds the vehicle semianechoic room for being sufficient to accommodate tested train rail cars first, and give specific structure index, also definitely give the determination method of the specific location of the sound source and three microphones for generating reverberation field excitation in drivers' cab, and give the method for making drivers' cab interior locating for body wall plate generate uniform reverberation field excitation, and it is tested and is summarized the experience by many experiments, give the empirical equation for solving the train body siding acoustic absorptivity under vehicle semianechoic room environment.The present invention avoids intrinsic problem present in standing-wave-tube method and Reverberation room method sound wave, and completely avoids making special exemplar, has saved exemplar manufacturing cost.It is harmless for train itself, and whole acoustic absorptivities of train region-of-interest can be once tested out, there is certain efficient feature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the test method fields of track train drivers' cab inner sound absorption coefficient, and in particular to one kind is based on whole
Acoustic absorptivity test method in the track train drivers' cab of vehicle semianechoic room.
Background technique
With the development in modern railway transportation field, important indicator of the internal car noise level as comprehensive Comfort Evaluation
It has received more and more attention.Internal car noise refer to train in the process of moving drivers' cab, existing in guest room various make an uproar
Sound.Internal car noise level how is reduced to the maximum extent, improves riding comfort, is the product development of modern railway train and design
Key factor in need of consideration.
It is the important measures for improving car interior sound quality using the interior material with excellent sound absorbing performance.Acoustic absorptivity is
The important indicator for measuring interior material sound absorbing performance is to comment using reasonable effective method Accurate Determining car average sound absorption coefficient
Valence, analysis, the premise for improving interior trim acoustical behavior, to further decrease internal car noise, improve interior acoustic enviroment have it is important
Meaning.A part is reflected when arriving material surface according to common knowledge sound wave incident, and a part is absorbed, therefore subject material
The reasonable value range of acoustic absorptivity is 0 to 1.
It mainly include at present Reverberation room method and two kinds of standing-wave-tube method for the mature measurement method of material acoustic absorptivity.
What Reverberation room method measured is the acoustic absorptivity of random incident acoustic wave, and method is relatively simple, but to experiment
Sample area requirement is larger, and there are also some other problems for reverberation chamber measurement acoustic absorptivity.For example, different reverberation chambers pair
In the acoustic absorptivity test that same material carries out, result is it sometimes appear that the larger phenomenon of deviation, so that measurement result
There is no across comparison；For another example, the size of material acoustic absorptivity, with material area and its position, arrangement indoors
Variation and change；In certain strong sound-absorbing material tests, wherein the acoustic absorptivity of high band is possible to data result occur greater than 1
The case where, so that experimental data be made to lose meaning.
Although defining some unified tests for acoustic absorptivity measurement in reverberation chamber in present concerned countries standard
Condition and method and step, but it is not sufficient to guarantee that above several problems are overcome completely.In addition, this kind of for train operator room
The empty barrel shaped structure of bulky usually only can be carried out the method that local sheet part samples one by one in reverberation chamber and complete test, mixes
It rings prerequisite set by the method for room and determines that it can not carry out entirety to the empty cylindrical structure of this kind of bulky of train body
Therefore test measures the material acoustic absorptivity come and the part sheet material mounted in track to the method for its local plate sampling
Acoustic absorptivity after train inside its drivers' cab still has very big difference.
What standing-wave-tube method measured is the acoustic absorptivity by normal incidence, although the requirement in experiment to sample area is not very
Greatly, development cost is lower, but need tightly to control in measurement process sound source between sound-absorbing material at a distance from, manual operation can be brought
Biggish error.It the particularly important is standing-wave-tube method to be also only capable of being tested for local exemplar, and its measured material sound absorption
The acoustic absorptivity of coefficient and the part sheet material inside its drivers' cab after track train still has very big difference.
In summary either Reverberation room method or standing-wave-tube method for acoustic absorptivity test only in material
Perhaps component-level is other and these materials or component be mounted on the acoustic absorptivity after track train inside its drivers' cab may be with
The acoustic absorptivity test result difference that material or component carry out merely in the lab is larger, thus loses carry out material
The directive significance of acoustic absorptivity test.
If not using reverberation chamber or standing wave tube, placed directly inside track train without sound source is directed toward, in track column
A reverberation field is formed inside vehicle drivers' cab, this method can directly measure the sound absorption inside tested track train drivers' cab
Coefficient, but test result is affected by train exterior environment, when especially train exterior ambient noise is very big, measurement
As a result it differs greatly with true value.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the empty barrel shape overall structure that existing train operator room belongs to bulky, which causes to be only capable of being directed to
The existing Reverberation room method or standing-wave-tube method that local exemplar is tested, the two are measured after local sampling on drivers' cab siding
The result of siding acoustic absorptivity be unable to fully to represent train operator room really whole acoustic absorptivity；And in train operator
Chamber interior arranges sound source to form the test thinking of reverberation field and to need absolutely quiet acoustic experiment environment again, and existing mixed
Ring the technical issues of room can not accommodate huge train operator room global facility, cause its testing scheme that can not implement, the present invention
Acoustic absorptivity test method in a kind of track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room is provided.
The technical solution adopted for solving the technical problem of the present invention is as follows:
Acoustic absorptivity test method in track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room comprising following steps:
Step 1: it is sufficient to accommodate according to the maximum outer dimension construction of various train rail cars and reorganizes and outfit state lower railway column
The vehicle semianechoic room of vehicle rail cars；Distance of the indoor roof and wall of vehicle semianechoic room to train exterior profile to be measured
It is all larger than and is equal to 5m；
Step 2: the train rail cars to be measured including train operator room 1 are placed in vehicle semianechoic room, are allowed to be in
Ambient noise is low, around in the good acoustic environment without acoustic reflection, and the partition door between train operator room and guest room is used
Sound insulation test hermatic door carries out sound insulation sealing, it is ensured that the acoustic energy of sound source radiation can only be passed by train operator room and guest room partition
It passs out；
Step 3: the side wall inner wall in driver's chair side is disposed about a sound source, for generating in train operator room
Reverberation field excitation；And arrange three microphones at random near the side wall inner wall of the driver's chair other side；Pass through train operator
The standard map measurement of room obtains the total surface area S of train operator's chamber inner space volume V and train operator's chamber inner space；
Step 4: opening sound source makes it issue stable sustained sound according to the given sound source parameter of known Reverberation room method
Wave, and with three microphones simultaneously acquire sound source sending sound pressure level；Hereafter, position of the moving sound in train operator room,
The difference of the sound pressure level measured by the two any in three microphones when within 0.3dB, can confirm train operator
The inside of room produces uniform reverberation field excitation；Stop moving sound at this time and is set as surveying by the location of current sound source
Point final position；
Step 5: reopening sound source, and after its sounding is stablized, moment turns off the power supply of sound source, while starting timing；
Step 6: the average sound absorption coefficient α in train operator's chamber inner space is sought according to following formula (1):
In formula (1), V is represented by train operator's chamber inner space reverberation field spatial volume generated；S is by train department
Total surface area in the reverberation field generated of interior thereof space；α is the average sound absorption coefficient of reverberation field inner-wall material；T is train
Sound source stops starting at the time of sounding until experienced when measuring the sound energy attenuation of sound source to 60dB by microphone in drivers' cab
Time span value.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: this method, which proposes to build, is sufficient to accommodate the whole of tested train rail cars initiatively
Vehicle semianechoic room, ambient noise is low, the characteristic of splitting high acoustic absorption coefficient between wall surface can provide good test acoustic enviroment for test,
Influence of the environmental factor for test result is reduced, and gives specific vehicle semianechoic room structure index, so as to borrow
It helps vehicle semianechoic room to avoid external interference to the isolation function of ambient noise, and greatly improves the accuracy of acoustic data.
The present invention definitely gives the specific of sound source for generating reverberation field excitation in drivers' cab and three microphones
Method for determining position, and giving makes drivers' cab interior locating for body wall plate generate uniform reverberation field excitation
Method, and by many experiments test and summarize the experience, give solve vehicle semianechoic room environment under train body wall
The empirical equation of plate acoustic absorptivity, to make the system that absorbs sound in the train operator room under the semianechoic room environment of the invention based on vehicle
The data analysis and calculating of number test method are carried out.
The present invention also specifically gives the placement position and sound insulation property index parameter of sound insulation test hermatic door, thus will
The space of train operator's chamber interior is able to insulate against sound closed and becomes and can generate the mixed of uniform reverberation field excitation under sound source excitation
Room is rung, and then calculates the train body siding part under vehicle semianechoic room environment for empirical equation given according to the present invention and inhales
Sonic system number creates necessary acoustic experiment environment.
Acoustic absorptivity test method can be deposited in train operator room of the present invention to avoid standing-wave-tube method and Reverberation room method sound wave
Intrinsic problem, and completely avoid making special exemplar, saved exemplar manufacturing cost.It is lossless for train itself
Evil, and whole acoustic absorptivities of train region-of-interest can be once tested out, there is certain efficient feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic side view of placement position of the train operator room of the present invention in vehicle semianechoic room；
Fig. 2 is the side view partial enlarged view of the sound source of the part I and three microphone placement positions in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view of placement position of the train operator room of the present invention in vehicle semianechoic room；
Fig. 4 is the vertical view partial enlarged view of the sound source of the part II and three microphone placement positions in Fig. 3；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, acoustic absorptivity is tested in the track train drivers' cab of the invention based on vehicle semianechoic room
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: it is sufficient to accommodate according to the maximum outer dimension construction of various train rail cars and reorganizes and outfit state lower railway column
The vehicle semianechoic room 2 of vehicle rail cars；The indoor roof and wall of vehicle semianechoic room 2 to train exterior profile to be measured away from
It is equal to 5m from being all larger than；
Step 2: the train rail cars to be measured including train operator room 1 are placed in vehicle semianechoic room 2, make place
It is low in ambient noise, around in the good acoustic environment without acoustic reflection, and by the partition door between train operator room 1 and guest room
Carry out sound insulation sealing with sound insulation test hermatic door, it is ensured that the acoustic energy of sound source radiation can only from pass through train operator room 1 and guest room
Partition passes out；The cutoff frequency of vehicle semianechoic room room 2 is not more than 50Hz；Its intrinsic frequency is not higher than
3.57Hz is lower than 15dB not less than 99%, ambient noise to the vibration isolation efficiency of 50Hz excited frequency.The sound insulation test hermatic door
It is that the sound insulation such as metal sound insulation plate block tooling, sound insulation numerical quantity is higher than 60dB and its acoustic absorptivity less than 0.1.
Step 3: the side wall inner wall in driver's chair side is disposed about a sound source 3, for generating train operator room 1
Interior reverberation field excitation；And arrange three microphones 4 at random near the side wall inner wall of the driver's chair other side；Pass through train department
The standard map measurement of machine room obtains the total surface area of train operator room 1 inner space volume V and 1 inner space of train operator room
S；The altitude range of sound source 3 and three 4 distance train drivers' cab of microphone, 1 indoor floors is 1.2m to 1.5m, most preferably
1.4m。
Step 4: opening sound source 3 makes it issue stable sustained sound according to the given sound source parameter of known Reverberation room method
Wave, and the sound pressure level of sound source 3 is acquired simultaneously with three microphones 4；Hereafter, position of the moving sound 3 in train operator room 1,
The difference of the sound pressure level measured by the two any in three microphones 4 when within 0.3dB, can confirm train operator
The inside of room 1 produces uniform reverberation field excitation；Stop moving sound 3 at this time and sets the location of current sound source 3
For measuring point final position；
Step 5: reopening sound source 3, and after its sounding is stablized, moment turns off the power supply of sound source 3, while starting timing；
Step 6: the average sound absorption coefficient α in 1 inner space of train operator room is sought according to following formula (1):
In formula (1), V is represented by 1 inner space of train operator room reverberation field spatial volume generated；S is by train
Total surface area in the reverberation field generated of 1 inner space of drivers' cab；α is the average sound absorption coefficient of reverberation field inner-wall material；T is column
Sound source 3 stops starting at the time of sounding the sound energy attenuation up to measuring sound source 3 by microphone 4 to 60dB when institute in vehicle drivers' cab 1
The time span value of experience.
Claims (4)
1. acoustic absorptivity test method in the track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room, it is characterised in that: this method packet
Include following steps:
Step 1: it is sufficient to accommodate according to the maximum outer dimension construction of various train rail cars and reorganizes and outfit state lower railway train list
Save the vehicle semianechoic room (2) in compartment；The indoor roof and wall of vehicle semianechoic room (2) to train exterior profile to be measured away from
It is equal to 5m from being all larger than；
Step 2: the train rail cars to be measured including train operator room (1) are placed in vehicle semianechoic room (2), make place
It is low in ambient noise, around in the good acoustic environment without acoustic reflection, and by the partition between train operator room (1) and guest room
Door carries out sound insulation sealing with sound insulation test hermatic door, it is ensured that the acoustic energy of sound source radiation can only pass through train operator room (1) and visitor
Room partition passes out；
Step 3: the side wall inner wall in driver's chair side is disposed about a sound source (3), for generating train operator room (1)
Interior reverberation field excitation；And arrange three microphones (4) at random near the side wall inner wall of the driver's chair other side；Pass through train
The standard map measurement of drivers' cab obtains the total of train operator room (1) inner space volume V and train operator room (1) inner space
Surface area S；
Step 4: opening sound source (3) makes it issue stable lasting sound wave according to the given sound source parameter of known Reverberation room method,
And acquire the sound pressure level of sound source (3) sending simultaneously with three microphones (4)；Hereafter, moving sound (3) is in train operator room (1)
In position, the difference of the sound pressure level measured by the two any in three microphones (4) is when within 0.3dB
The inside of confirmation train operator room (1) produces uniform reverberation field excitation；Stop moving sound (3) at this time and by current sound source
(3) location is set as measuring point final position；
Step 5: reopening sound source (3), and after its sounding is stablized, moment turns off the power supply of sound source (3), while starting timing；
Step 6: the average sound absorption coefficient α in train operator room (1) inner space is sought according to following formula (1):
In formula (1), V is represented by train operator room (1) inner space reverberation field spatial volume generated；S is by train department
Total surface area in the reverberation field generated of machine room (1) inner space；α is the average sound absorption coefficient of reverberation field inner-wall material；T is column
Vehicle drivers' cab (1) interior sound source (3) stop starting at the time of sounding until by microphone (4) measure the sound energy attenuation of sound source (3) to
Time span value experienced when 60dB.
2. acoustic absorptivity test method in the track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room as described in claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the cutoff frequency of vehicle semianechoic room room (2) described in step 1 is not more than 50Hz；Its intrinsic frequency is not higher than
3.57Hz is not less than 99% to the vibration isolation efficiency of 50Hz excited frequency and ambient noise is lower than 15dB.
3. acoustic absorptivity test method in the track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room as described in claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the sound insulation test hermatic door is metal sound insulation plate, and sound insulation numerical quantity is higher than 60dB and its acoustic absorptivity is less than
0.1。
4. acoustic absorptivity test method in the track train drivers' cab based on vehicle semianechoic room as described in claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the altitude range of the sound source (3) and three microphone (4) distance train drivers' cab (1) indoor floors is
1.2m to 1.5m.
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| CN110133111A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The sound insulation measurement device and its application method of high-speed rail siding under ultra-low temperature surroundings |
| CN112903824A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Double-sound-source standing wave tube acoustic testing system |
| CN113074956A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-06 | 定远蓝恩汽车试验检测有限公司 | Automobile sound insulation and noise reduction performance detection mechanism |
| CN114166949A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-03-11 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | In-vehicle acoustic absorption test method, device and equipment |
| CN115420807A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-02 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | In-vehicle sound absorption quantity on-site vehicle testing method and system and vehicle |
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| CN115420807A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-02 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | In-vehicle sound absorption quantity on-site vehicle testing method and system and vehicle |
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