CN201600312U - Grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing mechanical wave propagation process in grain bulk - Google Patents
Grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing mechanical wave propagation process in grain bulk Download PDFInfo
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- CN201600312U CN201600312U CN2010201127030U CN201020112703U CN201600312U CN 201600312 U CN201600312 U CN 201600312U CN 2010201127030 U CN2010201127030 U CN 2010201127030U CN 201020112703 U CN201020112703 U CN 201020112703U CN 201600312 U CN201600312 U CN 201600312U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing the mechanical wave propagation process in a grain bulk. The grain bulk density detecting device comprises a microphone or/and vibration pick-up group, a multi-channel signal acquisition and treat analysis device, a signal excitement device and a sound-producing device, wherein the microphone or/and vibration pick-up group is distributed in the grain bulk and is used for detecting the fluctuation process of an excitement signal in the grain bulk; the multi-channel signal acquisition and treat analysis device is connected with the microphone or/and vibration pick-up group and is used for detecting the time of the sound wave passing through every two microphones or/and vibration pick-ups; the signal excitement device is connected with the multi-channel signal acquisition and treat analysis device and is used for generating a required audio frequency vibration signal; and the sound-producing device is connected with the signal excitement device and is used for producing the effectively-propagated sound wave in the grain bulk. The utility model adopts a statistical detecting manner to establish a regression model; the precision of the model is further improved along with the increase of the available sample amount, and the model is easy to detect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of device and measuring method of measuring granule materials density, particularly relates to a kind of device and method that utilizes mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap.
Background technology
The propagation of sound and vibration depends on the mass distribution of medium, and wave process is to be propagated in medium by the mechanical motion of particle.Therefore utilize measurement, all application of the dielectric property obtained are arranged the mechanical wave parameter.At present, the sonic detection technology has been applied in a lot of fields, as ultrasonic medical detection, the ultrasonic inspection of metal material, the audio frequency peg of building lot, geophysical seismic prospecting etc.In geologic prospecting, adopt and in the stratum, excite, measure the elasticity wave propagation process, information such as the composition of detection Different Strata structure, boundary; In medical science detects, the position of organ and tissue and size in the difference of utilizing ultrasound wave in the human body different tissues, to absorb, reflect, human body; In metal, pottery and multilayer material detect,, can obtain the defective of material internal, the data analysis results such as thickness of layer material by measurement to ultrasound wave propagation parameter in solid sample.
In the detection of grain heap grain density, usual way is a weight method measuring samples density, as widely used unit weight mensuration with based on microwave method and the capacitance method of measuring the grain dielectric coefficient, and the nuclear rays method.But directly measure and destroyed grain heap form in its sampling process of method of unit weight, and, grain heap actual density can not be obtained based on the measurement of sample rate, and Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement should be adopted.Because the correlation measurement of grain heap specific inductive capacity and density requires to get rid of other factors, as the influence of water cut to specific inductive capacity; On the other hand, be the measurement of factor such as humidity, temperature, volume density, frequency based on the method for dielectric constant measurement to grain, its method has capacitance method and microwave absorbing method.Though capacitance method can accurately record the medium specific inductive capacity of electrode perimeter, need there be enough sampling spots can judge that just sample value represented whole storehouse mean value to silo.The nuclear radiation density measure then needs operating personnel are carried out the training of specialty and to the strict control of radioactive source.
At present, adopt in the reality be " sampling and measuring grain density, as liter weighing tester or 0.25～1 cubic metre of bulk container, carefully fill grain claim net weight, again divided by vessel volume, obtain sample rate; Sample rate multiply by correction factor and calculates grain heap average density; Correction factor wherein is the storehouse with same preservation condition, known volume and weight, as the standard storehouse, with the ratio of its sample rate and bulk density ", be a kind of sampling and measuring analogy estimation mode.Because the standard storehouse must be a storage grain of the same race under the same terms, and can only be similar in the reality, so generally be to select the classification benchmark by experience.This measuring method precision is difficult to determine, and the complicated operation effort.
Summary of the invention
The utility model is to avoid above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art that a kind of device and method that utilizes mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap is provided, and has alleviated the workload of routine measurement bulk density of grain method, has also reduced error simultaneously.
The technical solution of the utility model is:
Utilize the device of mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap, comprising:
Microphone is used for detecting the wave process of grain heap pumping signal or/and the vibro-pickup group is distributed in the grain heap;
Multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device are connected in described microphone or/and the vibro-pickup group is used to measure sound wave and passes through per two microphones or/and the time between the vibro-pickup;
The signal excitation device is connected in described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device, is used to produce required acoustic frequency vibration signal;
Sound-producing device is connected in described signal excitation device, is used for producing the sound wave that effect spread is arranged at the grain heap.
Described sound-producing device is loudspeaker or vibrator.
Utilize said apparatus to measure the method for bulk density of grain, comprise the steps:
With sound-producing device, microphone or/and the vibro-pickup component be distributed in the grain heap, and measure described microphone or/and in the vibro-pickup group each microphone or/and the distance D between the vibro-pickup,
The signal excitation device receives signal that described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device provide and the signal that produces certain frequency, amplitude,
Sound-producing device is subjected to the driving of described signal excitation device, and produce the vibration of given frequency and be radiated in the grain heap,
Microphone or/and the vibro-pickup group gather the fluctuation signal that described sound-producing device excites and pass to multi-channel signal acquiring and the Treatment Analysis device in grain heap, and carry out analyzing and processing by described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device, measure sound wave by the time T between per two sensors, calculate the velocity of wave V=D/T in the grain heap;
Obtain grain heap moisture, unit weight or the real density of required measurement;
Foundation is piled regression model ρ=f (grain heap moisture, unit weight or real density, V) of moisture, unit weight or real density, V about grain, and calculates the bulk density of grain of each measuring point.
The utility model advantage:
The utility model adopts the mode that excites and measure sound wave in the grain heap, has obtained the acoustic propagation parameter that is associated with bulk density of grain, has set up the phenomenological model of bulk density of grain and acoustic propagation parameter.Can under to the minimum situation of grain heap state disturbance, record grain heap actual density, reduce the unit weight revised law and estimated the required workload of bulk density of grain; And can directly measure required silo, reduced to estimate the error of other silo density by the model storehouse; Bulk density of grain owing to measurement is the population mean of being piled by grain on the acoustic propagation path simultaneously, the representative error of the sampled point of having avoided the single-point density measure to cause.Employing is set up regression model by the statistical test mode, and the precision of model will further improve along with the increase of effective sample size, and is easy to check.Avoided because grain seed characteristic as uncertainties such as water cut, skin-friction coefficient, seed compactness extents, causes setting up the complicacy of grain heap elastic wave constitutive model.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model principle of work synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is to bulk density of grain calibration and demo plant structure principle chart;
Fig. 3 is wheat density Estimation method and the actual density comparison diagram that the velocity of sound, real density, moisture obtain;
Fig. 4 is wheat density Estimation method and the actual density comparison diagram that the velocity of sound, unit weight, moisture obtain.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model device of detecting bulk density of grain comprises microphone or/and vibro-pickup group 1, multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device 2, signal excitation device 3, sound-producing device 4.Described microphone is used for detecting the wave process of grain heap pumping signal or/and vibro-pickup group 1 is distributed in the grain heap; Described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device 2 are connected in described microphone or/and vibro-pickup group 1 is used to measure sound wave by the time between per two sensors; Described signal excitation device 3 is connected in described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device 2, is used to provide the signal of certain frequency, amplitude and drives described sound-producing device 4; Described sound-producing device 4 is connected in described signal excitation device 3, and is distributed in the grain heap, is used for producing the acoustic vibration that effect spread is arranged at the grain heap.
Multi-channel signal acquiring Treatment Analysis device 2 has and is no less than 2 high speed analog signal acquisition channels, the function that the composite signal that collects is discerned, handled and analyzes simultaneously.Sampling system speed can be not more than 200kHz/s, and the digital-to-analog conversion figure place can be not more than 24Bit.The repetitive error of this measurement device velocity of wave should be not more than 1.5%.
Microphone is or/and the vibro-pickup group can be picked up sound or the vibration signal that is no less than 2 positions in the grain heap simultaneously.The signal excitation device is to produce the acoustic vibration generation device that effect spread is arranged in the grain heap, can be electric signal source, power amplifier.Frequency response range 30～the 1500Hz of sound-producing device.
Sound-producing device and microphone are or/and the vibro-pickup group by suitable layout, producing and to obtain sound wave in the grain heap, or obtains the transmitting signal of sound wave and elastic wave simultaneously.Wherein sound-producing device can be loudspeaker or vibrator, and when sound-producing device was loudspeaker, sound-producing device was electrically connected the pumping signal of being given its certain frequency and amplitude by the signal excitation device with the signal excitation device.When sound-producing device was vibrator, this moment, sound-producing device can not be connected with the signal excitation device, and its pumping signal is one or more timing signals that send impulsive sound that signals collecting and Treatment Analysis device produce.
Utilize the method for above-mentioned described measurement device bulk density of grain, comprise the steps:
1) with sound-producing device 4, microphone or/and vibro-pickup group 1 be distributed in the grain heap, and measure described microphone or/and in the vibro-pickup group 1 per two microphones or/and the distance D between the vibro-pickup,
2) multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device 2 provide signal,
3) signal excitation device 3 receives signal that described multi-channel signal acquirings and Treatment Analysis device 2 provide and the signal that produces certain frequency, amplitude,
4) sound-producing device 4 is subjected to the driving of described signal excitation device 3, produces the vibration source of certain frequency,
5) microphone or/and vibro-pickup group 1 gather the fluctuation signal of vibration source and pass to multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device 2, and carry out analyzing and processing by described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device 2, draw sound wave by the time T between per two sensors, and calculate V=D/T;
6) set up regression model ρ=f (grain heap moisture, unit weight or real density, V), and calculate the bulk density of grain of each measuring point about grain heap unit weight or real density, V (D, T), moisture.
Below be the density how the example explanation measures wheat in the grain heap with the wheat:
At first the value of the velocity of sound adopts time difference method to measure in the grain heap: in the grain heap on the path of acoustic propagation, neighbor distance is that 2 of D go up placement sensor, pass through 2 mistiming T by multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis measurement device sound wave, can be regarded as out velocity of wave V=D/T.
By the theory of mechanical wave, the velocity of propagation that fluctuates in the medium is relevant with its elastic parameter with Media density as can be known.But the elastic parameter of actual grain heap is difficult to accurate measurement, and can set up the relation of itself and bulk density of grain by measuring velocity of wave motion.
Adopt general metering system, obtain grain seed density (real density), the water cut of the tested grain heap of representative, parameters such as perhaps standard unit weight, and grain heap moisture.With the parameter of grain heap and the velocity of wave that records is independent variable, is dependent variable with the bulk density of grain.For example the multiple linear regression equations that wheat is set up is as follows:
Wheat density=A-B* moisture+C* unit weight-D* velocity of wave; (1)
Wherein A is a constant, and B, C, D are respectively the coefficient of moisture, unit weight, velocity of wave.
Or:
Wheat density=A '-B ' * moisture+C ' * real density-D ' * velocity of wave; (2)
Wherein A ' is a constant, and B ', C ', D ' are respectively the coefficient of moisture, real density, velocity of wave.
The wheat density that is obtained by regression equation (1) and (2) under given measuring method is checked by statistics and is verified, its error less than 5% probability more than 95%.Fig. 3 is wheat density Estimation and the actual density comparison diagram that the velocity of sound, real density, moisture obtain; Fig. 4 is wheat density Estimation and the actual density comparison diagram that the velocity of sound, unit weight, moisture obtain.
Can carry out the checking of bulk density of grain and the calibration of institute's use instrument according to described method in the laboratory.According to when wave length of sound during much larger than the pipeline section width, to only there be the principle of plane wave in the pipeline, grain heap acoustic propagation parametric calibration and demo plant that making is made of loudspeaker enclosure 21, air pipeline section 22, sample pipeline section 23, coupling pipeline section 24, sensor mounting hole 25, multi-channel signal acquiring and APU 26, as shown in Figure 2.Air pipeline section 22 is to guarantee that the sound wave at the sample segments end face is a plane wave, and grain to be measured is packed in sample pipeline section 23 and the coupling pipeline section 24.The length of sample pipeline section 23 and wherein the installing space of sensor satisfy measuring accuracy and be as the criterion to guarantee that signal acquisition and processing apparatus 26 can record; The length of impedance matching section 24 with pipeline section terminal with air interface in the reflection, refraction wave that produce the sensor signal of sample segments do not impacted be as the criterion.
Measure the parameters such as moisture, unit weight, real density of grain, according to pack into the grain of known parameters of a series of density of setting, obtain the wherein relation of bulk density of grain and the velocity of sound by above-mentioned steps at sample segments and matching section.Through steps such as variance analysis, linear regression, statistical tests, can set up the linear regression model (LRM) of the sample rate and the velocity of sound, and can test, verify model by new experiment.
Claims (2)
1. utilize the device of mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Microphone is used for detecting the wave process of grain heap pumping signal or/and the vibro-pickup group is distributed in the grain heap;
Multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device are connected in described microphone or/and the vibro-pickup group is used to measure sound wave and passes through per two microphones or/and the time between the vibro-pickup;
The signal excitation device is connected in described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device, is used to produce required acoustic frequency vibration signal;
Sound-producing device is connected in described signal excitation device, is used for producing the sound wave that effect spread is arranged at the grain heap.
2. the device that utilizes mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprise: described sound-producing device is loudspeaker or vibrator.
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| CN2010201127030U CN201600312U (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2010-02-11 | Grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing mechanical wave propagation process in grain bulk |
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| CN2010201127030U CN201600312U (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2010-02-11 | Grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing mechanical wave propagation process in grain bulk |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101936863A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-01-05 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile |
| CN104390884A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-04 | 太原理工大学 | Automatic Arctic sea ice density measuring device |
| CN111521519A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河海大学 | Probe and method for measuring proportion of cement to soil in saturated soil |
| CN112955717A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-06-11 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔欧洲两合公司 | Vibration multisensor |
-
2010
- 2010-02-11 CN CN2010201127030U patent/CN201600312U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101936863A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-01-05 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile |
| CN101936863B (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-01-18 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile |
| CN104390884A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-04 | 太原理工大学 | Automatic Arctic sea ice density measuring device |
| CN112955717A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-06-11 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔欧洲两合公司 | Vibration multisensor |
| CN111521519A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河海大学 | Probe and method for measuring proportion of cement to soil in saturated soil |
| CN111521519B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2021-09-17 | 河海大学 | Probe and method for measuring proportion of cement to soil in saturated soil |
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Granted publication date: 20101006 Termination date: 20120211 |