CN101936863B - Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN101936863B CN101936863B CN2010102634107A CN201010263410A CN101936863B CN 101936863 B CN101936863 B CN 101936863B CN 2010102634107 A CN2010102634107 A CN 2010102634107A CN 201010263410 A CN201010263410 A CN 201010263410A CN 101936863 B CN101936863 B CN 101936863B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for detecting grain pile density by using a mechanical wave propagation process in the grain pile and a measurement method thereof. The device comprises a microphone or/and vibration sensor group, a multi-channel signal acquisition and processing analysis device, a signal excitation device and a sound production device, wherein the microphone or/and vibration sensor group is distributed in the grain pile and used for detecting the fluctuation process of an excitation signal in the grain pile; the multi-channel signal acquisition and processing analysis device is connected with the microphone or/and vibration sensor group and used for measuring the time for a sound wave to pass through every two microphones or/and vibration sensors; the signal excitation device is connected with the multi-channel signal acquisition and processing analysis device and used for generating a required audio vibration signal; and the sound production device is connected with the signal excitation device and used for generating an effectively propagated sound wave in the grain pile. A regression model is established by using a statistic test method, the precision of the model is further improved with the increase of the number of effective samples, and the test is easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and measuring method of measuring granule materials density, particularly relate to a kind of device and method that utilizes mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap.
Background technology
The propagation of sound and vibration depends on the mass distribution of medium, and wave process is to be propagated in medium by the mechanical motion of particle.Therefore utilize measurement, all application of the dielectric property obtained are arranged the mechanical wave parameter.At present, the sonic detection technology has been applied in a lot of fields, like ultrasonic medical detection, the ultrasonic inspection of metal material, the audio frequency peg of building lot, geophysical seismic prospecting etc.In geologic prospecting, be employed in the stratum and excite, measure the elasticity wave propagation process, information such as the composition of detection Different Strata structure, boundary; In medical science detects, the position of organ and tissue and size in the difference of utilizing ultrasound wave in the human body different tissues, to absorb, reflect, human body; In metal, pottery and multilayer material detect,, can obtain the defective of material internal, the data analysis results such as thickness of layer material through measurement to ultrasound wave propagation parameter in solid sample.
In the detection of grain heap grain density, usual way is a weight method measuring samples density, like widely used unit weight mensuration with based on microwave method and the capacitance method of measuring the grain dielectric coefficient, and the nuclear rays method.But directly measure and destroyed grain heap form in its sampling process of method of unit weight, and, grain heap actual density can not be obtained based on the measurement of sample rate, and Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement should be adopted.Because the correlation measurement of grain heap specific inductive capacity and density requires to get rid of other factors, like the influence of water cut to specific inductive capacity; On the other hand, be the measurement of factor such as humidity, temperature, volume density, frequency based on the method for dielectric constant measurement to grain, its method has capacitance method and microwave absorbing method.Though capacitance method can accurately record the medium specific inductive capacity of electrode perimeter, need there be enough sampling spots can judge that just sample value represented whole storehouse mean value to silo.The nuclear radiation density measure then need carry out the training of specialty and to the strict control of radioactive source to operating personnel.
At present, adopt in the reality be " sampling and measuring grain density, like liter weighing tester or 0.25～1 cubic metre of bulk container, carefully fill grain claim net weight, again divided by vessel volume, obtain sample rate; Sample rate multiply by correction factor and calculates grain heap average density; Correction factor wherein is the storehouse with same preservation condition, known volume and weight, as the standard storehouse, with the ratio of its sample rate and bulk density ", be a kind of sampling and measuring analogy estimation mode.Because the standard storehouse must be a storage grain of the same race under the same terms, and can only be similar in the reality, so generally be to select the classification benchmark by experience.This measuring method precision is difficult to confirm, and the complicated operation effort.
Summary of the invention
The invention reside in and avoid above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art that a kind of device and method that utilizes mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap is provided, alleviated the workload of routine measurement bulk density of grain method, also reduced error simultaneously.
By following formula (1), (2)
Velocity of longitudinal wave:
Shear wave velocity:
wherein: ρ-Media density, c-velocity of wave
Can find out relating to parameters such as density of medium and mechanical velocity of wave propagation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Utilize the device of mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap, comprising:
Microphone is or/and the vibration transducer group; Be connected in said microphone or/and the multi-channel signal acquiring of vibration transducer group and Treatment Analysis device; Be connected in the signal excitation device of described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device, be connected in the sound-producing device of described signal excitation device.
Described microphone is used for detecting the wave process of grain heap pumping signal, and transmits it to multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device or/and the vibration transducer group;
Described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device are used to measure sound wave and pass through per two microphones or/and the time between the vibration transducer;
Described signal excitation device is used to produce required acoustic frequency vibration signal;
Described sound-producing device is used for producing the sound wave that effect spread is arranged at the grain heap.
Described sound-producing device is loudspeaker or vibrator.
Utilize the method for above-mentioned said measurement device bulk density of grain, comprise the steps:
With sound-producing device, microphone or/and the vibration transducer component be distributed in the grain heap, and measure said microphone or/and in the vibration transducer group each microphone or/and the distance B between the vibration transducer,
The signal excitation device receives signal that said multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device provide and the signal that produces certain frequency, amplitude,
Sound-producing device receives the driving of said signal excitation device, and produce the vibration of given frequency and be radiated in the grain heap,
Microphone or/and the vibration transducer group gather the fluctuation signal that said sound-producing device excites and pass to multi-channel signal acquiring and the Treatment Analysis device in grain heap; And carry out analyzing and processing by described multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis device; Measurement of sound is through the time T between per two sensors and two sensor signal strength S 1, S2; Decay Att=(the S2-S1)/D that calculates the velocity of wave V=D/T in the grain heap and fluctuate;
Obtain the grain of required measurement and pile up parameter, comprise moisture, unit weight, seed yardstick, seed density, hardness, mass of 1000 kernel, factor of porosity;
Set up bulk density of grain and pile up regression model ρ=f (V, Att, grain are piled up parameter) of parameter, V and Att, and calculate the bulk density of grain of each measuring point about grain.
Advantage of the present invention:
The present invention is employed in the mode that excites in the grain heap with measurement of sound, has obtained the acoustic propagation parameter that is associated with bulk density of grain, has set up the phenomenological model of bulk density of grain and acoustic propagation parameter.Can under to the little situation of grain heap state disturbance, record grain heap actual density, reduce the unit weight revised law and estimated the required workload of bulk density of grain; And can directly measure required silo, reduced to estimate the error of other silo density by the model storehouse; Bulk density of grain owing to measurement is the population mean by grain heap on the acoustic propagation path simultaneously, the representative error of the sampled point of having avoided the single-point density measure to cause.Employing is set up regression model by the statistical test mode, and the precision of model will further improve along with the increase of effective sample size, and is easy to check.Avoided because grain seed characteristic like uncertainties such as water cut, skin-friction coefficient, seed compactness extents, causes setting up the complicacy of grain heap elastic wave constitutive model.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a principle of work synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is to bulk density of grain calibration and demo plant structure principle chart;
Fig. 3 is wheat density Estimation method and the actual density comparison diagram that the velocity of sound, decay, accumulation parameter obtain.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, the device that the present invention detects bulk density of grain comprises microphone or/and vibration transducer group 1, multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device 2, signal excitation device 3, sound-producing device 4.Described microphone is used for detecting the wave process of grain heap pumping signal or/and vibration transducer group 1 is distributed in the grain heap; Said multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device 2 are connected in said microphone or/and vibration transducer group 1 is used to measure sound wave through the time between per two sensors; Said signal excitation device 3 is connected in described multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device 2, is used to provide the signal of certain frequency, amplitude and drives said sound-producing device 4; Said sound-producing device 4 is connected in described signal excitation device 3, and is distributed in the grain heap, is used for producing the acoustic vibration that effect spread is arranged at the grain heap.
Multi-channel signal acquiring Treatment Analysis device 2 has and is no less than 2 high speed analog signal acquisition channels, the function of simultaneously composite signal that collects being discerned, being handled and analyzes.Sampling system speed can be not more than 200kHz/s, and the digital-to-analog conversion figure place can be not more than 24Bit.The repetitive error of this measurement device velocity of wave should be not more than 1.5%.
Microphone is or/and the vibration transducer group can be picked up sound or the vibration signal that is no less than 2 positions in the grain heap simultaneously.The signal excitation device is in the grain heap, to produce the acoustic vibration generation device that effect spread is arranged, and can be electric signal source, power amplifier.Frequency response range 30～the 1500Hz of sound-producing device.
Sound-producing device and microphone are or/and the vibration transducer group through suitable layout, producing and to obtain sound wave in the grain heap, or obtains the transmitting signal of sound wave and elastic wave simultaneously.Wherein sound-producing device can be loudspeaker or vibrator, and when sound-producing device was loudspeaker, sound-producing device was electrically connected the pumping signal of being given its certain frequency and amplitude by the signal excitation device with the signal excitation device.When sound-producing device was vibrator, this moment, sound-producing device can not be connected with the signal excitation device, and its pumping signal is one or more timing signals that send impulsive sound that signals collecting and Treatment Analysis device produce.
Utilize the method for above-mentioned said measurement device bulk density of grain, comprise the steps:
1) with sound-producing device 4, microphone or/and vibration transducer group 1 be distributed in the grain heap, and measure said microphone or/and in the vibration transducer group 1 per two microphones or/and the distance B between the vibration transducer,
2) the multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning provides signal with Treatment Analysis device 2,
3) signal excitation device 3 receives said multi-channel signal acquiring and nurses one's health signal that provides with Treatment Analysis device 2 and the signal that produces certain frequency, amplitude,
4) sound-producing device 4 receives the driving of said signal excitation device 3, produces the vibration source of certain frequency,
5) microphone or/and vibration transducer group 1 gather the fluctuation signal of vibration source and pass to multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device 2; And carry out analyzing and processing with Treatment Analysis device 2 by the conditioning of described multi-channel signal acquiring; Draw sound wave through the time T between per two sensors and two sensor signal strength S 1, S2; And decay Att=(the S2-S1)/D that calculates V=D/T and fluctuate;
6) set up the regression model ρ=f (V, Att, grain are piled up parameter) that piles up parameter about V, Att (D, T), grain in the grain heap, and calculate the bulk density of grain of each measuring point.
Below be the density how the example explanation measures wheat in the grain heap with the wheat:
At first the value of the velocity of sound adopts time difference method to measure in the grain heap: in the grain heap on the path of acoustic propagation; Neighbor distance is that 2 of D go up placement sensor; Pass through 2 mistiming T by multi-channel signal acquiring and Treatment Analysis measurement device sound wave, can be regarded as out velocity of wave V=D/T; By two sensor signal strength S 1, S2 calculates decay Att=(the S2-S1)/D of fluctuation.
By the theory of mechanical wave, can know that the velocity of propagation that fluctuates in the medium is relevant with its elastic parameter with Media density.But the elastic parameter of actual grain heap is difficult to accurate measurement, and can set up the relation of itself and bulk density of grain through measuring velocity of wave motion.
Adopt general metering system, the grain that obtains the tested grain heap of representative is piled up parameter.Parameter with the grain heap is an independent variable with the fluctuation parameter that records, and is dependent variable with the bulk density of grain.The multiple linear regression equations of for example wheat being set up is following:
Wheat density=A+B* velocity of wave+C* decay+D* grain is piled up parameter; (1)
Wherein A is a constant, B, C, D, is respectively velocity of wave, decay and grain is piled up the coefficient of parameter.
Under given measuring method by the available wheat density Estimation of regression equation (1).Fig. 3 is that the velocity of sound, decay, grain are piled up wheat density Estimation and the actual density comparison diagram that parameter obtains.
Can carry out the checking of bulk density of grain and the calibration of institute's use instrument according to described method in the laboratory.According to when wave length of sound during much larger than the pipeline section width; The principle that will only have plane wave in the pipeline; Making is piled acoustic propagation parametric calibration and demo plant by loudspeaker enclosure 21, air pipeline section 22, sample pipeline section 23, coupling pipeline section 24, sensor mounting hole 25, multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning with the grain that APU 26 constitutes, and is as shown in Figure 2.Air pipeline section 22 is to guarantee that the sound wave at the sample segments end face is a plane wave, and grain to be measured is packed in sample pipeline section 23 and the coupling pipeline section 24.The length of sample pipeline section 23 and wherein the installing space of sensor satisfy measuring accuracy and be as the criterion to guarantee that signal acquisition and processing apparatus 26 can record; The length of impedance matching section 24 with pipeline section terminal with air interface in the reflection, refraction wave that produce the sensor signal of sample segments do not impacted be as the criterion.
Measure the accumulation parameter of grain, according to pack into the grain of known parameters of a series of density of setting, obtain the wherein relation of bulk density of grain and fluctuation parameter through above-mentioned steps at sample segments and matching section.Through steps such as variance analysis, multiple regression, statistical tests, can set up sample rate and pile up the regression model of parameter, and can test, verify model through new experiment with fluctuation parameter and grain.
Claims (4)
1. utilize the device of mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Microphone is or/and the vibration transducer group, multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device, signal excitation device, sound-producing device; Said microphone is or/and the vibration transducer group connects described multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device, signal excitation device, sound-producing device successively; Described multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning is handled microphone or/and the signal that the vibration transducer group transmits with the Treatment Analysis device analysis; Measurement of sound is through the time T between per two sensors; With two sensor signal strength S 1; S2, decay Att=(the S2-S1)/D that calculates the velocity of wave V=D/T in the grain heap and fluctuate.
2. the device that utilizes mechanical wave communication process detection bulk density of grain in the grain heap as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described microphone is or/and the vibration transducer group is used for detecting the wave process that grain is piled pumping signal;
Described signal excitation device is used to produce required acoustic frequency vibration signal;
Described sound-producing device is used for producing the sound wave that effect spread is arranged at the grain heap.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the mechanical wave communication process in the grain heap utilized detects the device of bulk density of grain, it is characterized in that comprise: described sound-producing device is loudspeaker or vibrator.
4. a method of utilizing claim 1 or 2 said measurement device bulk density of grain is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
With sound-producing device, microphone or/and the vibration transducer component be distributed on the path of acoustic propagation in the grain heap, and measure said microphone or/and in the vibration transducer group each microphone or/and the distance B between the vibration transducer,
The signal excitation device receives said multi-channel signal acquiring and nurses one's health signal that provides with the Treatment Analysis device and the signal that produces certain frequency, amplitude,
Sound-producing device receives the driving of said signal excitation device, and produce the vibration of given frequency and be radiated in the grain heap,
Microphone or/and the vibration transducer group gather the fluctuation signal that said sound-producing device excites and pass to multi-channel signal acquiring conditioning and Treatment Analysis device in grain heap; And carry out analyzing and processing with the Treatment Analysis device by the conditioning of described multi-channel signal acquiring; Measurement of sound through each microphone or/and the time T between the vibration transducer and two sensor signal strength S 1, S2; Decay Att=(the S2-S1)/D that calculates the velocity of wave V=D/T in the grain heap and fluctuate;
Obtain the grain of required measurement and pile up parameter, wherein grain accumulation parameter comprises moisture, unit weight, seed yardstick, seed density, hardness, mass of 1000 kernel, factor of porosity;
Foundation is piled up the regression model ρ=f (V, Att, grain are piled up parameter) of parameter about grain heap V and Att, grain, and calculates the bulk density of grain of each measuring point.
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| CN2010102634107A CN101936863B (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2010-08-26 | Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile |
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| CN2010102634107A CN101936863B (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2010-08-26 | Device and method for detecting grain pile density by using mechanical wave propagation process in grain pile |
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| CN106769651A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-05-31 | 平高集团有限公司 | The density lossless detection method and device of high-tension switch gear quenching nozzle |
| CN108802195B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-12-08 | 河北中核岩土工程有限责任公司 | Test device and method for measuring transverse wave velocity of core sample |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201096703Y (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2008-08-06 | 上海理工大学 | Grain granularity, concentration and density measuring device |
| CN201600312U (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-10-06 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing mechanical wave propagation process in grain bulk |
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| DE102007057092B4 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-08-06 | Tews Elektronik Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Tews | Method and device for moisture and / or density measurement |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201096703Y (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2008-08-06 | 上海理工大学 | Grain granularity, concentration and density measuring device |
| CN201600312U (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-10-06 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Grain bulk density detecting device by utilizing mechanical wave propagation process in grain bulk |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 张林 等.粮食声传播阻抗特性研究.《中国粮油学报》.2008,第23卷(第2期),186-189. * |
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