CN104525108A - 一种具有超大铀吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有超大铀吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有超大铀吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂及其制备方法。具体步骤为:将畜骨压碎,置于反应容器中煮沸、过滤、烘干、高温炭化和粉碎,即得超大吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂。本方法制备的骨炭吸附剂具有原料来源广、成本低、制备工艺简单、生产周期短、所需化学试剂少、产品收率高、吸附铀的容量大和选择性强等优点,适用于各种受铀污染的水体,对场所和设备无特殊要求,简单易行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有超大铀吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂的制备方法,属于生物质资源开发利用技术领域。
背景技术
在铀矿开采、水冶、铀利用和后处理等核燃料循环过程中会产生大量含铀废水。若不妥善处理,铀在环境中大量累积,作为兼有化学毒性和放射性毒性的重金属,会造成环境本底辐射,造成物种基因畸变,对植物、农田和土壤产生不可逆转的破坏,对人类的生存和发展构成潜在的威胁。
目前分离富集水体中铀的方法有化学沉淀、溶剂萃取、吸附、离子交换和膜分离等,其中,吸附法因具有操作简单、工艺成熟、适用范围广、可回收有用重金属、吸附材料可重复使用等优点,一直是重要的研究方向之一。为此,许多研究者致力于新型吸附材料的研究与开发。CN 102079823A使用乙二胺和环氧氯丙烷改性戊二醛交联的壳聚糖,并用于吸附放射性核素铀。CN101596449A、CN102211017A和CN102587117A提出了三种偕胺肟基提铀吸附剂的制备方法,对铀表现出较强的吸附选择性。这类生物质吸附剂存在的主要缺陷:成本高、制备工艺较复杂和吸附容量低等,不适合于修复含铀废水领域的应用推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发出一种成本低、环境友好和超大铀吸附容量的的骨炭吸附剂的制备方法,解决吸附法在处理含铀废水应用中的技术瓶颈。
为了实现上述发明,采用如下技术方案:
一种具有超大铀吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂的制备方法,将畜骨压碎至10mm以下,并置于反应容器中煮沸1~8小时,以去除骨中的脂肪,再100~140℃烘干1-3小时,然后在马弗炉中350~650℃炭化1~3小时,最后粉碎至60~200目,即得骨炭吸附剂。
本发明与同类产品相比,具有显著的有益效果:
(1)本发明使用的原料为畜骨,来源广,价格低,变废为宝,绿色环保;
(2)本发明的制备过程相对简单,易于控制,生产周期短,无需化学试剂,产品收率高;
(3)本发明制备过程中的副产品骨油和胶液是其他化工产品的主要原材料;
(4)本发明制备的骨炭吸附剂耐酸,耐碱,耐辐照,对核素离子的吸附容量极大,选择性较强。
附图说明
图1 BC-0~BC-3的X射线衍射图谱;
图2 溶液pH值对BC吸附铀容量的影响;
图3 BC-2对重金属离子的去除率。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
将猪骨压碎至10mm以下,置于反应容器中煮沸3小时,再110℃烘干4小时,然后在马弗炉中350℃炭化3小时,最后粉碎至100目,即得骨炭吸附剂BC-1。
实施例2
将猪骨压碎至10mm以下,置于反应容器中煮沸3小时,再110℃烘干4小时,然后在马弗炉中450℃炭化4小时,最后粉碎至100目,即得骨炭吸附剂BC-2。
实施例3
将猪骨压碎至10mm以下,置于反应容器中煮沸3小时,再110℃烘干4小时,然后在马弗炉中550℃炭化4小时,最后粉碎至100目,即得骨炭吸附剂BC-3。
应用例1
比较本发明的骨炭吸附剂(BC-1~BC-3)和市售的骨炭(BC-0)的X射线衍射图谱和铀吸附容量。将0.01g BC-0~BC-4分别加入到100ml铀浓度为100mg/L的溶液中(溶液的pH值为2.0、3.0、4.0和5.0),25℃振荡150min,溶液pH值对BC-0~BC-3的吸附铀容量的影响如图1所示,BC-0~BC-3的X射线衍射图谱如图2所示。
结果表明:本发明的骨炭吸附剂(BC-1~BC-3)的主要矿物组成为非晶态的羟基磷灰石,市售的骨炭(BC-0)的主要矿物组成晶态的羟基磷灰石。当炭化温度为450℃时,骨炭吸附剂吸附铀的容量最高(881.19mg/g),而市售骨炭吸附铀的容量仅有475.22 mg/g。
应用例2
将0.4g骨炭吸附剂BC-2投加到1L放射性废水中,其中Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Ni2+、Sr2+和U6+的浓度为10 mg/L,废水的pH值为3.0,搅拌时间为3小时,各重金属离子的去除率如图3所示。
结果表明:当Na+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Ni2+和Sr2+离子共存时,骨炭吸附剂BC-2对铀离子有较高的选择性吸附性能,铀离子的去除率高达92%以上,其他离子的去除率均低于30%。
对比例1
将中英文文献中常见的吸附剂和BC-2对吸附铀容量进行对比,吸附剂的用量为0.01g,溶液的体积为100mL,浓度为100mg/L,溶液的pH值为各吸附剂的最佳吸附酸度,对铀的吸附容量如表1所示。结果表明:BC-2的最佳吸附pH值最低,更接近于铀矿水冶废水的酸度,吸附容量高达881.21mg/g,远远高于其他吸附剂,是目前铀吸附剂中吸附容量最大的。
表1 BC-2与其他吸附剂对铀吸附容量的比较
Claims (1)
1.一种具有超大铀吸附容量的骨炭吸附剂及其制备方法,其特征在于,将畜骨压碎至10mm以下,并置于反应容器中煮沸1~8小时,以去除骨中的脂肪,再100~140℃烘干1-3小时,然后在马弗炉中350~650℃炭化1~3小时,最后粉碎至60~200目,即得骨炭吸附剂。
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Cited By (9)
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CN104923159A (zh) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-23 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种鱼骨炭吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN105251461A (zh) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 林砚秋 | 一种基于改性骨粉的高效可重复利用的放射性废水处理吸附剂以及制备方法 |
CN105621815A (zh) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-06-01 | 广州聚注专利研发有限公司 | 一种利用鱼骨粉处理重金属废水的方法 |
CN106179203A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏大学 | 一种牛骨基多级孔碳材料的制备方法及其用途 |
CN110510698A (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种采用生物环境材料治理水体污染物的方法 |
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CN114082399A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-25 | 东华理工大学 | 一种基于n,p-掺杂多孔碳材料的铀吸附剂及其制备方法 |
CN114749472A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种铀污染土壤修复剂的应用方法 |
CN114956717A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种用于含铀废弃物固化的骨炭水泥复合材料的应用方法 |
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Cited By (9)
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CN104923159A (zh) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-23 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种鱼骨炭吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN105251461A (zh) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-20 | 林砚秋 | 一种基于改性骨粉的高效可重复利用的放射性废水处理吸附剂以及制备方法 |
CN105621815A (zh) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-06-01 | 广州聚注专利研发有限公司 | 一种利用鱼骨粉处理重金属废水的方法 |
CN106179203A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏大学 | 一种牛骨基多级孔碳材料的制备方法及其用途 |
CN110510698A (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种采用生物环境材料治理水体污染物的方法 |
CN111672453A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-18 | 兰州大学 | 一种猪骨高值资源化利用方法 |
CN114082399A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-25 | 东华理工大学 | 一种基于n,p-掺杂多孔碳材料的铀吸附剂及其制备方法 |
CN114749472A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种铀污染土壤修复剂的应用方法 |
CN114956717A (zh) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-30 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种用于含铀废弃物固化的骨炭水泥复合材料的应用方法 |
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