CN111672453A - 一种猪骨高值资源化利用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种猪骨高值资源化利用的方法，属于固体废物资源化利用领域，包括以下步骤：以猪骨为原材料，经破碎后对其进行煮沸脱脂脱胶，然后将其脱水干燥，最后通过控制热解条件制得生物质羟基磷酸钙。生物质羟基磷酸钙是一种稳定的天然多孔结构物质，具有原材料来源广泛，成本价格低廉的特点，对水中多种有机污染物的吸附效果很好，且有良好的光催化活性，可用作光催化剂，对环境无二次污染，可广泛应用于环境污染治理领域，真正实现生物质固体废物的高值资源化利用，具有很好的环境效益和经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种猪骨高值资源化利用方法，利用猪骨制备生物质羟基磷酸钙光催化剂，属于固体废物资源化利用领域。
背景技术
我国每年人均消耗65公斤猪肉，对应约28公斤猪骨。厨余垃圾中的猪骨作为一种典型的畜骨废物，普遍和有机厨余垃圾一起被送进厨余垃圾处理厂用于生产沼气或发酵堆肥，由于猪骨主要成分为无机物，因此目前的处理方式使其一直未得到有效利用。将猪骨进行脱脂脱胶，控制热解条件可以得到具有光催化性能的纯相生物质羟基磷酸钙。
光催化技术在水中有机污染物降解和重金属离子还原、空气净化、CO2还原等方面受到了广泛的应用研究，是国际上的热门研究领域之一。而光催化剂是其中的关键要素，目前主要的光催化材料主要有金属氧化物、金属硫化物、Bi基光催化剂、Ag基光催化剂、石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)等。近年来，一般采用无机钙盐和无机磷酸盐合成具有光催化活性的羟基磷酸钙，但通过化学合成法制得的羟基磷酸钙材料内部三维微介孔结构少，同时生成的副产物大多具有毒性。通过猪骨制得的天然多孔羟基磷酸钙，光催化活性良好，既可以克服上述化学合成羟基磷酸钙的缺点，又能实现对废弃生物质资源的高值化利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种猪骨高值资源化利用的方法，该材料是以厨余垃圾中的猪骨为原材料，通过脱脂脱胶、干燥、热解等手段制得生物质羟基磷酸钙，其对水中有机污染物有良好的吸附能力，且具有优良的光催化性能，可以作为光催化剂，用于处理水中的有机污染物。为实现猪骨的高值资源化利用，本发明采用以下技术方法：
(1)破碎：将大块猪骨破碎成长2～3cm、宽1～2cm、高0.5～1cm的长方体小块体。
(2)脱脂脱胶：将步骤(1)中的猪骨块体用去离子水清洗数次并煮沸数小时。
(3)干燥：将步骤(2)处理后的猪骨块体放入鼓风干燥箱中，于110℃干燥12h。然后破碎成颗粒后过筛，使其粒径范围为0.25～0.50mm、0.50～0.80mm和0.80～1.00mm。
(4)热解：将步骤(3)中的猪骨颗粒放入管式电阻炉中，以10℃/min的速度升温至400～1200℃，在不同氧化条件下保温2～8h。
(5)冷却：将样品随炉冷却至室温，制得成品。
本发明具有以下优点：
(1)制得的生物质羟基磷酸钙具有很好的吸附性能和良好的光催化性能。
(2)原材料为猪骨，实现了对厨余垃圾中生物质资源的高值有效利用，具有原料来源广泛，成本低廉，制备方法简单可行等优点。
附图说明：
图1猪骨制备生物质羟基磷酸钙流程图；
图2亚甲基蓝溶液经生物质羟基磷酸钙光催化降解的去除率-时间曲线图；
图3实施例中制得生物质羟基磷酸钙的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
根据下列实施例，可以更好地了解本发明。实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例
将猪骨锯成2～3cm长、1～2cm宽、0.5～1cm高的块体，用去离子水清洗后煮沸2～3h，然后更换去离子水后再煮沸，直至水中无油脂和蛋白质漂浮，得到脱脂脱胶骨块。
将上述骨块放在鼓风干燥箱中于110℃干燥12h，之后将骨块破碎成小颗粒后过筛，使其粒径范围为0.25～0.50mm、0.50～0.80mm和0.80～1.00mm。
将过筛后粒径为0.50～0.80mm的猪骨颗粒放入管式电阻炉中，以10℃/min的速度升温至 800℃，于氮气气氛下热解8h，制得生物质羟基磷酸钙。
将样品随炉冷却至室温，制得成品，保存备用。
应用例
通过生物质羟基磷酸钙在模拟日光灯照射下对亚甲基蓝水溶液的降解效果来测试其光催化活性。将80mg的生物质羟基磷酸钙分散于25mL浓度为5.00mg/L的亚甲基蓝水溶液中。在开始辐照前，将样品加入到亚甲基蓝溶液，并置于暗室鼓入空气30min，以确保体系达到吸附解吸附平衡。然后将其置于模拟日光灯下，并持续鼓入空气。每间隔10min取样分析亚甲基蓝水溶液的吸光度值。
由图2可以发现，生物质羟基磷酸钙对亚甲基蓝具有较好的光催化降解性能，光照90min后对亚甲基蓝的去除率达到了54.23％。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方案进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种猪骨高值资源化利用的方法，其特征在于，由以下步骤制备：
(1)破碎：将大块猪骨破碎成长2～3cm、宽1～2cm、高0.5～1cm的长方体小块体。
(2)脱脂脱胶：用去离子水清洗数次并煮沸数小时以完全脱除骨头中的脂肪和骨胶原蛋白。
(3)干燥：将(2)步骤处理后的猪骨块体放入鼓风干燥箱中，于110℃干燥12h。然后破碎成颗粒后过筛，使其粒径范围为0.25～0.50mm、0.50～0.80mm和0.80～1.00mm。
(4)热解：将步骤(3)过筛后的猪骨颗粒放入管式电阻炉中，以10℃/min的速度升温至400～1200℃，在不同氧化条件下保温2～8h。
(5)冷却：将样品随炉冷却至室温，制得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述猪骨高资源化利用的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中，通过煮沸对猪骨进行脱脂脱胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述猪骨高资源化利用的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中，干燥方式为烘干，干燥温度为110℃，并破碎后过筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述猪骨高资源化利用的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中，热解温度为400～1200℃，升温速率为10℃/min，在热解温度下保温2～8h。
5.一种猪骨高值资源化利用方法，其特征在于：权利要求1-4任一项所述的猪骨进行高值资源化利用方法中，制得的生物质羟基磷酸钙材料作为光催化剂用于降解废水中的有机污染物。
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| CN112169814A (zh) * | 2020-11-07 | 2021-01-05 | 兰州大学 | 一种利用牛骨制备Ag3PO4/GO/HAP复合光催化剂的方法 |
| CN113955845A (zh) * | 2021-11-27 | 2022-01-21 | 重庆大学 | 一种组合填料及污水处理方法 |
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