CN104522405A - Low-protein high-fat compound feed for tilapia and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-protein high-fat compound feed for tilapia and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-protein high-fat compound feed for tilapia and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises the following nutritional ingredients in percentage by weight: 22-28 percent of crude protein, 10-20 percent of crude fat, 7-18 percent of an ash content, 25-35 percent of carbohydrate and 7-13 percent of water. The low-protein high-fat compound feed provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects that (1) a grease raw material is combined with non-nutritional functional factor components so as to effectively increase the utilization rate of the fat in the feed for the tilapia and successfully overcome the limit that the tilapia is hard to utilize high-fat feeds; (2) in the prescription of the tilapia feed provided by the invention, the protein content is reduced, the fat content is increased, protein raw materials are saved, the feed cost is lowered, the protein transformation efficiency is high, pollution caused by ammonia nitrogen emission to water is reduced, the feeding effect of the feed is not affected, and the feed is better in efficiency; (3) the feed provided by the invention is low in cost, good in effect, relatively large in economic value and worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound feed of tilapia, particularly relate to high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of low albumen and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Tilapia mossambica is the fine quality fish that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) recommends to world-wide deployment, the aquaculture kind that Ye Shi China is main simultaneously, such as gift tilapia wherein, because its growth is fast, harvesting rate is high, dressing percentage good, the features such as better adaptation net cage, pond rearing conditions, become main Tilapia mossambica kind in China's south China freshwater aquiculture.
Protein raw materials is one of prime cost of preparation tilapia feed, constantly the climbing to a higher point of price of protein raw materials in recent years, feed cost and aquaculture cost is caused constantly to increase, Feed Enterprise and raiser's income decline, and constrain developing of Tilapia mossambica industry to a great extent, on the other hand, forage protein too high levels, forage protein conversion ratio can be caused on the low side, and therefore cause ammonia-nitrogen content in breeding water body too high, affect fish body healthy.Chinese invention patent (CN 101473904 B) discloses a kind of method reducing tilapia feed protein content by improving carbohydrate consumption, realize mainly through increasing flour consumption, but, regrettably for feed factory, flour is very expensive raw material, the feed of the feed cost of this technology and normal protein content and low flour amount is suitable, therefore effectively can not realize the target reducing feed cost and aquaculture cost
Grease is the most effective energy of fish, grease price is relatively as the flour of energy feedstuff, price is extremely cheap, if therefore energy can be increased by the fat level improving tilapia feed thus reduce albumen as energy resource consumption, then it is a kind of potential method of reduction tilapia feed protein level of very highly effective.Regrettably, prior art shows, gift tilapia utilizes the fatty ability in feed to have certain limitation, grow after fat content is greater than 7.67% in feed and now fall (king likes the people 2011), or growth performance declines (Shi Gui city 2012) when in feed, crude fat is more than 6.19%, other Tilapia mossambica kind also has similar phenomenon, decline (being coated with Wei 2012) is grown after such as bolti fat content in feed is greater than 6.0%, Sarotherodon sp fat content in feed grows when reaching 4.3% and reaches maximum (sweet sunshine 2009), therefore in Vehicles Collected from Market tilapia feed crude fat level all below 6%, basic between 3 ~ 5%.Therefore, for Tilapia mossambica, prior art is also difficult to reduce dietary protein level by increasing fat level.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of protein content that effectively can reduce feed, and to high-fat tilapia feed of low albumen that growth and the feed efficiency of Tilapia mossambica have no adverse effects and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is achieved the above object by following scheme:
The high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of low albumen, comprises the nutritional labeling of following percetage by weight: crude protein 22% ~ 28%, crude fat 10% ~ 20%, ash content 7% ~ 18%, carbohydrate 25% ~ 35%, moisture 7% ~ 13%.
In feed formula of the present invention, the addition of protein raw materials is reduced by improving fat content, ensure that the contents level of the grey material that grades in feed meets the growth demand of Tilapia mossambica, thus the object realizing reducing feed cost and do not affect feed efficiency and feeding effect.
In above-mentioned feed formula of the present invention, raw material is not particularly limited to, as long as meet above-mentioned nutritional labeling.
The high-fat compound feed of tilapia of the low albumen of preferred one, comprise the raw material of following percetage by weight: protein raw materials 40 ~ 70%, fat raw material 10 ~ 20%, carbohydrate raw material 15 ~ 35%, vitamin premix 0.1 ~ 0.5%, mineral premix 0.5 ~ 2%, non-nutritive function factor 0.1 ~ 5%; Described fatty raw material is soya-bean oil or phosphatide oil or CLA or its mixture; Described non-nutritive function factor comprises hawthorn, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, Tea Polyphenols, folium cortex eucommiae, one or more in n-octacosanol.
Wherein above-mentioned protein raw materials can be fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, DDGS etc., is preferably dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice; Above-mentioned carbohydrate raw material can be wheat, flour, corn, cassava etc., preferably wheat.
In above-mentioned compound feed of tilapia provided by the invention, the glyceride stock determined through a large amount of long term test combines in conjunction with non-nutritive function factor component, effectively can improve the utilization rate of Tilapia mossambica to fat in feed, successfully overcome Tilapia mossambica in prior art and be difficult to utilize the technology of high lipid food to be limited to.
The high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of preferred low albumen, comprise the component of following percetage by weight: cotton dregs 0 ~ 15%, dregs of beans 10 ~ 45%, the dish dregs of rice 5 ~ 25%, wheat 10 ~ 25%, rice bran 5 ~ 25%, DDGS 0 ~ 15%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 3%, phosphatide oil 0 ~ 5%, soya-bean oil 0 ~ 5%, CLA 0 ~ 1%, vitamin premix 0.1 ~ 0.5%, mineral premix 0.5 ~ 2%, Choline Chloride 0.4 ~ 0.8%, FE-5 0 ~ 1.0%, DL-METHIONINE 0 ~ 0.5%, hawthorn 0 ~ 2.0%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 0 ~ 1.5%, Divine Comedy 0 ~ 2.0%, Tea Polyphenols 0 ~ 0.3%, folium cortex eucommiae 0 ~ 2.0%, n-octacosanol 0 ~ 0.01%, wherein, described soya-bean oil, phosphatide oil, the content of CLA is 0 time different, described hawthorn, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, Tea Polyphenols, folium cortex eucommiae, the content of n-octacosanol is 0 time different.
The high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of preferred low albumen, comprise the component of following percetage by weight: dregs of beans 15 ~ 40%, the dish dregs of rice 15 ~ 25%, wheat 15 ~ 20%, rice bran 5 ~ 10%, DDGS 5 ~ 10%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 ~ 2%, phosphatide oil 3 ~ 5%, soya-bean oil 3 ~ 5%, CLA 0.5 ~ 0.8%, vitamin premix 0.1 ~ 0.2%, mineral premix 0.5 ~ 1.5%, Choline Chloride 0.5 ~ 0.6%, hawthorn 0.5 ~ 1%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 0.5 ~ 1%, Divine Comedy 0.5 ~ 1%, Tea Polyphenols 0.05 ~ 0.1%, folium cortex eucommiae 0.5 ~ 1.5%, n-octacosanol 0.001 ~ 0.005%.
The present invention also provides a kind of high-fat compound feed of tilapia of preferred low albumen (fish meal type), the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of the low albumen of this fish meal type is on above-mentioned compound feed of tilapia formula basis, also include fish meal, preferably comprise the fish meal of 3 ~ 10% percetages by weight, preferably comprise the fish meal of 5 ~ 8% percetages by weight further.
Wherein, said vitamin premix and mineral substance premix can be commercially available general vitamin premix and mineral substance premix.
Wherein, a kind of preferred vitamin premix is that every kilogram of vitamin premix comprises: vitamin A 30g, vitamin D 15g, vitamin E 100g, vitamin K 15g, nicotinic acid 100g, calcium pantothenate 50g, vitamin B12 0g, vitamin B2 25g, vitamin B6 20g, vitamin B12 0.2g, biotin 0.4g, folic acid 5g, vitamin C 100g, inositol 100g, defatted rice bran 419.4g.
Wherein, a kind of preferred mineral substance premix is that every kilogram of mineral substance premix comprises: five water magnesium sulfate 50g, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 30g, monohydrate zinc sulphate 30g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 10g, sodium selenite 6.7g, CoCL2 6H2O 2.5g, KI 8g, defatted rice bran 862.8g.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of the above-mentioned high-fat compound feed of tilapia of low albumen, mixes, and pulverize through micronizer after being weighed by raw material components, smashing fineness reaches more than 95% and crosses 80 eye mesh screens, then through modified, granulates, dry, cooling, packaging.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) glyceride stock that the present invention adopts combines in conjunction with non-nutritive function factor component, effectively can improve the utilization rate of Tilapia mossambica to feed fat, successfully overcome prior art Tilapia mossambica and be difficult to utilize the technology of high lipid food to be limited to;
(2) feed formulation for tilapia of the present invention reduces protein content, improve fat content, not only save protein raw materials, reduce feed cost, and albumen transformation efficiency is high, reduce the pollution of ammonia nitrogen discharge to water quality, show through Long-term breeding experimental result, with the feed ratio of high protein content comparatively, the tilapia feed of low albumen high epoxy-type of the present invention can obtain growth result suitable with it and more excellent feed efficiency;
(3) feed cost of the present invention is low and feed efficiency is excellent, has larger economic worth, is worthy to be popularized.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
With the formulated of table 1 illustrated embodiment 1 without the low albumen high lipid food (crude protein 25.2% of fish meal, crude fat 10.0%) and table 1 shown in the control group of formulated of reference examples 1 without fish meal type routine protein content group feed (crude protein 31%, crude fat content 5.5%), raise the gift tilapia 56 days that body weight is about 105g.After experiment terminates, the gift tilapia counterpoise of embodiment 1 group of forage feed is 315.3g, rate of body weight gain 200.1%, feed coefficient 1.42, the gift tilapia without fish meal type routine protein content group feed (crude protein 31%, crude fat content 5.5%) of the reference examples 1 of growth parameter(s) and physiological parameter and control group of ingesting does not have significant difference.
Embodiment 2
With the formulated of table 1 illustrated embodiment 2 containing low albumen high lipid food (6% fish meal of fish meal, crude protein 26.1%, crude fat 11.5%) and table 1 shown in control group fish meal type routine protein content feed (6% fish meal of formulated of reference examples 2, crude protein content 33.2%, crude fat content 5.9%), raise the gift tilapia 56 days that body weight is about 244g.After experiment terminates, the gift tilapia counterpoise of embodiment 2 groups of forage feeds is 758.0g, rate of body weight gain 205.0%, feed coefficient 1.39, fish meal type routine protein content feed (6% fish meal of the reference examples 2 of growth parameter(s) and physiological parameter and control group of ingesting, crude protein content 33.2%, crude fat content 5.9%) gift tilapia there is no significant difference.
Embodiment 3
With low albumen high lipid food (36% dregs of beans of the formulated height bean pulp type of table 1 illustrated embodiment 3, crude protein 27.2%, crude fat 10.2%) and table 1 shown in control group height bean pulp type routine protein content feed (45% dregs of beans of formulated of reference examples 3, crude protein content 32.6%, crude fat content 5.3%), raise the gift tilapia 56 days that body weight is about 79g.After experiment terminates, the gift tilapia counterpoise of embodiment 3 groups of forage feeds is 332.7g, rate of body weight gain 321.4%, feed coefficient 1.23, high bean pulp type routine protein content feed (45% dregs of beans of the reference examples 3 of growth parameter(s) and physiological parameter and control group of ingesting, crude protein content 32.6%, crude fat content 5.3%) gift tilapia there is no significant difference.
The feeds utilized formula of table 1 embodiment 1-3
| Embodiment 1 | Reference examples 1 | Embodiment 2 | Reference examples 2 | Embodiment 3 | Reference examples 3 | |
| Fish meal | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Dregs of beans | 22 | 22 | 14.998 | 22 | 35.496 | 45 |
| The dish dregs of rice | 24 | 33 | 25 | 28.9 | 15 | 15 |
| Cotton dregs | 5 | 15 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 9.4 |
| DDGS | 7 | 2.9 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Rice bran | 6 | 3.5 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 4 |
| Wheat | 20.147 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 15 | 18 | 16 |
| Calcium dihydrogen phosphate | 2 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Choline Chloride | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Soya-bean oil | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Phosphatide oil | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1.5 |
| CLA | 0.5 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| FE-5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| DL-METHIONINE | 0.2 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.22 | 0 |
| Hawthorn | 0.8 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Fructus Hordei Germinatus | 0.6 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Folium cortex eucommiae | 1.0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 |
| Divine Comedy | 0.6 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 |
| Tea Polyphenols | 0.05 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.08 | 0 |
| N-octacosanol | 0.003 | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0.004 | 0 |
| Vitamin premix (1) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Mineral substance premix (2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nutrition (%) | ||||||
| Moisture | 9.1 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.1 |
| Crude protein | 25.2 | 31 | 26.1 | 33.2 | 27.2 | 32.6 |
| Crude fat | 10.5 | 5.5 | 12.3 | 5.9 | 10.2 | 5.3 |
| DE/DP (Kcal/g albumen) | 12.8 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 8.8 | 11.9 | 8.7 |
(1)said vitamin premix every kilogram comprises: vitamin A 30g, vitamin D 15g, vitamin E 100g, vitamin K 15g, nicotinic acid 100g, calcium pantothenate 50g, vitamin B12 0g, vitamin B2 25g, vitamin B6 20g, vitamin B12 0.2g, biotin 0.4g, folic acid 5g, vitamin C 100g, inositol 100g, defatted rice bran 419.4g.
(2)described mineral substance premix every kilogram comprises: five water magnesium sulfate 50g, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 30g, monohydrate zinc sulphate 30g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 10g, sodium selenite 6.7g, CoCL2 6H2O 2.5g, KI 8g, defatted rice bran 862.8g.
Embodiment 4
To implement low albumen high lipid food (36% dregs of beans of formulated height bean pulp type of 3 table 1 Suo Shi, crude protein 27.2%, crude fat 10.2%) and table 1 shown in control group height bean pulp type routine protein content feed (45% dregs of beans of formulated of reference examples 3, crude protein content 32.6%, crude fat content 5.3%), raise the Sarotherodon sp 56 days that body weight is about 51g.After experiment terminates, the Sarotherodon sp counterpoise of embodiment 3 groups of forage feeds is 143.1g, rate of body weight gain 280.5%, feed coefficient 1.32, high bean pulp type routine protein content feed (45% dregs of beans of the reference examples 3 of growth parameter(s) and physiological parameter and control group of ingesting, crude protein content 32.6%, crude fat content 5.3%) Sarotherodon sp there is no significant difference.
The above; be only preferably specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and design thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of low albumen, is characterized in that, comprises the nutritional labeling of following percetage by weight: crude protein 22% ~ 28%, crude fat 10% ~ 20%, ash content 7% ~ 18%, carbohydrate 25% ~ 35%, moisture 7% ~ 13%.
2. the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of low albumen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the raw material of following percetage by weight: protein raw materials 40 ~ 70%, fat raw material 10 ~ 20%, carbohydrate raw material 15 ~ 35%, vitamin premix 0.1 ~ 0.5%, mineral premix 0.5 ~ 2%, non-nutritive function factor 0.1 ~ 5%; Described fatty raw material is soya-bean oil or phosphatide oil or CLA or its mixture; Described non-nutritive function factor comprises hawthorn, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, Tea Polyphenols, folium cortex eucommiae, one or more in n-octacosanol.
3. the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of low albumen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the component of following percetage by weight: cotton dregs 0 ~ 15%, dregs of beans 10 ~ 45%, the dish dregs of rice 5 ~ 25%, wheat 10 ~ 25%, rice bran 5 ~ 25%, DDGS 0 ~ 15%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 3%, phosphatide oil 0 ~ 5%, soya-bean oil 0 ~ 5%, CLA 0 ~ 1%, vitamin premix 0.1 ~ 0.5%, mineral premix 0.5 ~ 2%, Choline Chloride 0.4 ~ 0.8%, FE-5 0 ~ 1.0%, DL-METHIONINE 0 ~ 0.5%, hawthorn 0 ~ 2.0%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 0 ~ 1.5%, Divine Comedy 0 ~ 2.0%, Tea Polyphenols 0 ~ 0.3%, folium cortex eucommiae 0 ~ 2.0%, n-octacosanol 0 ~ 0.01%, wherein, described soya-bean oil, phosphatide oil, the content of CLA is 0 time different, described hawthorn, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Divine Comedy, Tea Polyphenols, folium cortex eucommiae, the content of n-octacosanol is 0 time different.
4. the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of low albumen as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, comprise the component of following percetage by weight: dregs of beans 15 ~ 40%, the dish dregs of rice 15 ~ 25%, wheat 15 ~ 20%, rice bran 5 ~ 10%, DDGS 5 ~ 10%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 ~ 2%, phosphatide oil 3 ~ 5%, soya-bean oil 3 ~ 5%, CLA 0.5 ~ 0.8%, vitamin premix 0.1 ~ 0.2%, mineral premix 0.5 ~ 1.5%, Choline Chloride 0.5 ~ 0.6%, hawthorn 0.5 ~ 1%, Fructus Hordei Germinatus 0.5 ~ 1%, Divine Comedy 0.5 ~ 1%, Tea Polyphenols 0.05 ~ 0.1%, folium cortex eucommiae 0.5 ~ 1.5%, n-octacosanol 0.001 ~ 0.005%.
5. the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of the low albumen of the one as described in claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, also comprises the fish meal of 3 ~ 10% percetages by weight.
6. the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of a kind of low albumen as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprise the fish meal of 5 ~ 8% percetages by weight.
7. prepare the method for the high-fat compound feed of tilapia of low albumen as described in claim arbitrary in claim 1-6 for one kind, it is characterized in that, mix after raw material components is weighed, and pulverize through micronizer, smashing fineness reaches more than 95% and crosses 80 eye mesh screens, then through modified, granulate, dry, cooling, packaging.
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| CN104957428A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 | Tilapia mossambica compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104982749A (en) * | 2015-08-01 | 2015-10-21 | 哈尔滨共阳科技咨询有限公司 | Tilapia growth promotion feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105230986A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-13 | 广东汇海农牧科技集团有限公司 | Green healthy tilapia feed |
| CN105558436A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-05-11 | 湛江恒兴珊瑚饲料有限公司 | Expanded feed for resisting fatty liver of tilapia and preparation method |
| CN107048081A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-18 | 广东天邦饲料科技有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly type is without fish meal tilapia expanding compound feed and its manufacture method |
| CN109198305A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Carp special feed and preparation method thereof under a kind of cultivating condition of basicity waters |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104957428A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 | Tilapia mossambica compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104982749A (en) * | 2015-08-01 | 2015-10-21 | 哈尔滨共阳科技咨询有限公司 | Tilapia growth promotion feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105230986A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-01-13 | 广东汇海农牧科技集团有限公司 | Green healthy tilapia feed |
| CN105558436A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-05-11 | 湛江恒兴珊瑚饲料有限公司 | Expanded feed for resisting fatty liver of tilapia and preparation method |
| CN107048081A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-08-18 | 广东天邦饲料科技有限公司 | A kind of environment-friendly type is without fish meal tilapia expanding compound feed and its manufacture method |
| CN109198305A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-15 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Carp special feed and preparation method thereof under a kind of cultivating condition of basicity waters |
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Application publication date: 20150422 |