CN104520123A - 用于控制在致冷剂回路的环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制在致冷剂回路的环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力的方法 Download PDF

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CN104520123A
CN104520123A CN201380041373.7A CN201380041373A CN104520123A CN 104520123 A CN104520123 A CN 104520123A CN 201380041373 A CN201380041373 A CN 201380041373A CN 104520123 A CN104520123 A CN 104520123A
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heat exchanger
humidity
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S·维德曼
O·霍恩
M·科诺特
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
    • B60H1/00785—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models by the detection of humidity or frost
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/321—Control means therefor for preventing the freezing of a heat exchanger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00961—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2228—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters
    • B60H2001/224—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant controlling the operation of heaters automatic operation, e.g. control circuits or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2296—Constructional features integration into fluid/air heat exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3244—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to humidity
    • B60H2001/3245—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to humidity of air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
    • B60H2001/3258—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the air at a condensing unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
    • B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
    • B60H2001/3261—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature of the air at an evaporating unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
    • B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/3276—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a condensing unit
    • B60H2001/3277—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a condensing unit to control the air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/328—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit
    • B60H2001/3282—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit to control the air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/3285—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an expansion unit

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制在车辆的致冷剂回路、尤其是热泵回路的环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力的方法，其中，·借助温度传感器测量环境空气的当前温度并且·借助湿度传感器测量环境空气的当前湿度，·由环境空气的温度和环境空气的湿度求得或估算出环境空气的当前露点温度，并且·在环境空气的温度小于0℃时，通过调整°所述致冷剂回路的致冷剂压缩机的转速和/或°所述致冷剂回路的能调节的膨胀机构的流动横截面和/或°环流或穿流所述环境热交换器的环境空气体积流量，而调节所述致冷剂回路中的致冷剂压力，使得所述环境热交换器的温度大于露点温度。

Description

用于控制在致冷剂回路的环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力的方法
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1所述特征的方法。
在混合动力车和电动车中，人们越来越多地考虑能够作为“热泵”运行的致冷剂回路，用以进行供暖和/或空气调节或者用以对乘客室或车辆的各个部件进行冷却。作为热泵运行的致冷剂回路通过环境空气热交换器吸收来自环境空气当中的热量。在某些确定的运行条件中存在着环境空气热交换器结冰危险，这将导致失效或者导致热泵回路的加热效能显著下降。
本发明的任务是，如此地控制致冷剂回路，以免环境热交换器结冰。
该任务通过权利要求1所述特征得以解决。本发明的有利构造方案和进一步扩展方案可由从属权利要求获悉。
本发明的出发点是下述认识，即，环境热交换器结冰的危险只在下述情况存在，即，
a)环境空气的当前露点温度处于0℃以下并且
b)环境热交换器的温度或者在环境热交换器中的汽化温度处于当前露点温度以下。
环境空气的露点温度是环境空气温度和环境空气的空气湿度的函数，该空气湿度可以作为相对空气湿度Φ或作为绝对空气湿度x给出。
本发明的基本构思在于，通过测量或计算确定环境空气的温度并且通过测量或通过计算确定环境空气的湿度，来求得或估算出环境空气的当前露点温度。
环境空气的温度可以借助温度传感器测量。该温度传感器例如可以设置在致冷剂回路的环境热交换器附近或者直接设置在其上并且通过电线与电子装置相连接。环境空气的湿度可以借助湿度传感器(例如借助电容式的湿度传感器)测量。该湿度传感器同样可以设置在环境热交换器的区域中或者说附近或者直接设置在其上。湿度传感器同样通过电线与电子装置相连接。借助于电子装置中执行的分析处理算法，根据环境空气的当前温度和环境空气的当前湿度而求得环境空气的当前露点温度。
按照本发明，在环境空气的温度小于0℃时如此地调节在致冷剂回路中的致冷剂压力，使得环境热交换器的温度总是大于当前露点温度。由此便杜绝了环境热交换器的结冰。
在致冷剂回路中的致冷剂压力以及尤其是在环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力可以通过适当地调整下述参量进行“调整”：
-致冷剂压缩机的转速和/或
-致冷剂回路的能调节的膨胀机构的流动横截面和/或
-环流或穿流环境热交换器的环境空气体积流量。
所述环流或穿流环境热交换器的环境空气体积流量可以通过控制鼓风机(例如电操控的鼓风机)的转速和/或通过操控可能设置的能够操控的空气引导元件来改变。
可以设定，湿度传感器提供相应于环境空气的相对湿度的电信号。对此替代地可以设定，湿度传感器提供相应于环境空气的绝对湿度的电信号。
按照本发明的能够作为热泵运行的致冷剂回路(沿致冷剂的流动方向观察)具有压缩机，该压缩机将压缩的致冷剂通过冷凝器泵送。在冷凝器中，致冷剂将热量例如释放到向乘客室吹入的空气中。在穿流冷凝器之后，致冷剂在膨胀机构中卸压，该膨胀机构例如可以是能调节的膨胀机构。卸压的致冷剂接着穿流环境热交换器，在该环境热交换器中，致冷剂从环境空气当中吸收热量。在穿流环境空气热交换器之后，致冷剂又重新由压缩机抽吸。
正如已经提到的那样，可以在环境热交换器的区域内或者直接在其上设置温度传感器和湿度传感器，借助它们可以测量环境空气温度或环境空气的湿度。这些传感器连接到调节电子装置(例如空调控制器)上，该调节电子装置调节致冷剂压缩机的转速和/或膨胀机构的流动横截面和/或环流或穿流环境热交换器的环境空气流，尤其是使得致冷剂回路在当前最佳的运行点中运行。由此，可以降低针对车辆空气调节所需要的能量消耗，这样尤其是在电动车或混合动力车中明显增大了车辆的可达行驶里程。

Claims (4)

1.用于控制在车辆的致冷剂回路、尤其是热泵回路的环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力的方法，其中
·借助温度传感器测量环境空气的当前温度并且
·借助湿度传感器测量环境空气的当前湿度，
·由环境空气的温度和环境空气的湿度求得或估算出环境空气的当前露点温度，并且
·在环境空气的温度小于0℃时，通过调整
°所述致冷剂回路的致冷剂压缩机的转速和/或
°所述致冷剂回路的能调节的膨胀机构的流动横截面和/或
°环流或穿流所述环境热交换器的环境空气体积流量，
而调节所述致冷剂回路中的致冷剂压力，使得所述环境热交换器的温度大于露点温度。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述湿度传感器测量环境空气的相对湿度。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述湿度传感器测量环境空气的绝对湿度。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过控制配置给所述环境热交换器的鼓风机的转速和/或至少一个配置给所述环境热交换器的空气引导元件来调整所述环境空气体积流量。
CN201380041373.7A 2012-10-22 2013-09-30 用于控制在致冷剂回路的环境热交换器中的致冷剂压力的方法 Active CN104520123B (zh)

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