CN104474099B - 一种甜茶止咳露及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无糖甜茶止咳露，主要由甜茶浓缩液，陈皮，山楂，杏仁和花椒制成。本发明所述甜茶止咳露止咳祛痰效果明显，且无毒副作用，同时，因为本发明无糖、低热值，所以不会增加胆固醇，不致龋齿。而且，本发明对肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管病、高血压、动脉硬化、龋齿等患者有一定的辅助疗效，因此肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管病、高血压患者均可饮用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种止咳露，尤其涉及一种甜茶止咳露及其制备方法。
背景技术
咳嗽是人体清除呼吸道内的分泌物或异物的保护性呼吸反射动作，它是因为喉部或气管的黏膜受刺激时迅速吸气，随即强烈地呼气，声带振动发声。咳嗽作为一种机体防御性反应，有其有利的一面；同时，它还是某些疾病的症状，如上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、肺炎和急性喉炎等。不仅如此，咳嗽也有其不利的方面，如剧烈咳嗽可导致呼吸道出血，长期、频繁的剧烈咳嗽影响工作，休息，甚至引起喉痛，音哑和呼吸肌痛等。现有治疗咳嗽的药物和组方大都是西医类药物，西药的优点是服用后见效快，止咳效果明显，但是西药主要使用的是大剂量的抗生素，而咳嗽又是一个慢性病，长期服用抗生素类止咳药，会对人的身体健康产生很大影响。随着临床经验的不断丰富，临床研究的不断深入，人们逐渐将治疗咳嗽的方法聚焦到中医上，通过中医治疗咳嗽，其优点是相对西医而言毒副作用较小。但是，目前治疗咳嗽药用成分比较多，长期服用毒副作用仍然很大，治疗效果仍不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种甜茶止咳露及其制备方法。本发明所述甜茶止咳露，止咳祛痰效果明显，无毒副作用。
本发明是这样实现的：一种甜茶止咳露，按照重量组份计算，由甜茶浓缩液600～800份，陈皮1～10份，山楂1～10份，杏仁5～8份，花椒1～5份及辅料制成。
更优地，前述的甜茶止咳露，按照重量组份计算，由甜茶浓缩液700份，陈皮5份，山楂5份，杏仁6份，花椒2份及辅料制成。
前述的甜茶止咳露中，所述的甜茶浓缩液按下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量5～20%的去离子水，水温为35～45℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.3～0.5%的复合酶SPE-007活化5～10分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加5～10倍量去离子水浸泡2～5分钟，期间调节温度至40～55℃，调节pH值为4.0～6.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，40～55℃恒温酶解1.5-2.5h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到75～90℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用中空纤维陶瓷膜进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
更优地，前述的无糖甜茶止咳露中，所述的甜茶浓缩液按下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量10%的去离子水，水温为40℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.4%的复合酶SPE-007活化5～10分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加5～10倍量去离子水浸泡3分钟，期间调节温度至45～50℃，调节pH值为4.5-5.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，45～50℃恒温酶解1.5-2.5h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到80～85℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中，在1.5～2.5MPa压力下进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用4μm的中空纤维陶瓷膜在1.0～2.0MPa压力下进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，温度控制在20～40℃，压力控制在1～10MPa，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
前述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备：
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入8～12倍量的水熬煮1～3次，每次0.5～3h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入常规量的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至全量，即得。
更优地，前述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备：
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入10倍量的水熬煮2次，第一次2h，第二次1h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入制成量0.03%的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至全量，即得。
本发明所述的甜茶止咳露由甜茶浓缩液，陈皮，山楂，杏仁和花椒制成。其中，甜茶浓缩液是由甜茶叶提取而得。甜茶含有丰富的营养物质和人体所必需的微量元素，研究表明野生甜茶中富含18种氨基酸，每100克干品含氨基酸总量331.54毫克，特别是甜茶中富含人体必须的、人体不能生成的，只能从食物中吸收的8种氨基酸除此外，甜茶还含有锌105.5mg/kg、锗5.5μg/kg、硒17.94μg/kg，及钾、镁、磷、铁、钠、铜、铬、锶、锂等多种元素。它不含砷铝等有毒物质，不含会产生头晕、心跳加速、心悸、焦虑易怒、心理不适、干扰睡眠、等副作用的咖啡因；其中所含的锗、硒等，均优于一般绿茶和苦丁茶。除上述所含微量元素外，它还富含维生素C、B1、B2、B3、超氧化物岐化酶，鲜甜茶中维生素C的含量高达115mg/100g；特别是还富含最具价值4.1%的生物类黄酮、18.04%的茶多酚和5%的甜茶素。据有关文献记载，野生甜茶有清热降火、润肺、祛痰、止咳的功效，其药用性和食用性已为地方医药和民间所证实。
陈皮也叫橘皮，贵老，红皮，黄橘皮，广橘皮，新会皮，柑皮，广陈皮。它主治胸腹胀满等症。橘皮辛散通温，气味芳香，长于理气，能入脾肺，故既能行散肺气壅遏，又能行气宽中，用于肺气拥滞，胸膈痞满及脾胃气滞，脘腹胀满等症。常与木香，枳壳等配伍应用。除此外，它还用于湿阻中焦，脘腹痞胀，便溏泄泻，以及痰多咳嗽等症。陈皮还善于燥湿化痰，为治湿痰壅肺，痰多咳嗽的常用要药，每与半夏，茯苓同用。不仅如此，陈皮还能用于脾虚饮食减少，消化不良，以及恶心呕吐等症。橘皮燥湿而能健脾开胃，适用于脾胃虚弱，饮食减少，消化不良，大便泄泻等症，常与人参，白术，茯苓等配合应用。因其既能健脾，又能理气，故往往用作补气药之佐使，可使补而不滞，有防止壅遏作胀作用。
山楂含多种营养成分，主要含有维生素、山楂酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸等，除此外，还含有黄酮类、类脂、糖类、蛋白质、脂肪和钙、磷、铁等矿物质。它主要用于消食积，散瘀血，驱绦虫，治肉积，症瘕，痰饮，痞满，吞酸，泻痢，肠风，腰痛，疝气产后儿枕痛，恶露不尽，小儿乳食停滞,还可用于肉食积滞、胃烷胀满、泻痢腹痛、瘀血经闭、产后瘀阻、心腹刺痛、疝气疼痛、高血脂症。
杏仁富含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、胡萝卜素、B族维生素、维生素C、维生素P以及钙、磷、铁等营养成分。其中胡萝卜素的含量在果品中仅次于芒果，人们将杏仁称为抗癌之果。杏仁含有丰富的脂肪油，有降低胆固醇的作用，因此，杏仁对防治心血管系统疾病有良好的作用；中医中药理论认为，杏仁具有生津止渴、润肺定喘的功效，常用于肺燥喘咳等患者的保健与治疗。杏仁是一种健康食品，适量食用不仅可以有效控制人体内胆固醇的含量，还能显著降低心脏病和多种慢性病的发病危险。素食者食用杏仁可以及时补充蛋白质、微量元素和维生素，例如铁、锌及维生素E。杏仁中所含的脂肪是健康人士所必需的，它是一种对心脏有益的高不饱和脂肪。杏仁中的大量纤维还可以让人减少饥饿感，这就对保持体重有益。纤维有益肠道组织并且可降低肠癌发病率、胆固醇含量和心脏病的危险。所以，肥胖者选择杏仁作为零食，可以达到控制体重的效果。最近的科学研究还表明，杏仁能促进皮肤微循环，使皮肤红润光泽，具有美容的功效。
花椒又名川椒、蜀椒，其味辛，性大热，主要功效有温中止痛，散寒除湿，杀虫。除此外，花椒还具有舒张支气管痉挛和抗过敏作用，对老慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、慢性肺心病和哮喘引起的咳嗽、气喘、痰多，有较好的疗效。
本发明将甜茶浓缩液，陈皮，山楂，杏仁和花椒共同组方，共奏止咳祛痰的功效。
与现有技术比较，本发明所述甜茶止咳露止咳祛痰效果明显，且无毒副作用，同时，因为本发明无糖、低热值，所以不会增加胆固醇，不致龋齿。而且，本发明对肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管病、高血压、动脉硬化、龋齿等患者有一定的辅助疗效，因此肥胖症、糖尿病、心血管病、高血压患者均可饮用。达到了发明目的。
申请人进行了下列实验，可证明本发明具有有效的效果；
实验例1。药效学研究
1、祛痰、镇咳试验
1.1试验动物
健康昆明种小鼠，体重18-22g。标准颗粒饲料喂养。由重庆市实验动物中心提供。
1.2 试验样品
本发明药物：按照实施例1的方法进行制备；
咳必清：市售。
1.3 实验方法
1.3.1对小鼠呼吸道酚红排泄的影响
雄性昆明种小鼠，随机分组，禁食8h，实验组分别灌胃给药本发明药物（15mL/kg），阳性对照组（咳必清50mg/kg），空白对照组（生理盐水）。30min后灌胃5%酚红生理盐水溶液10mL/kg，30min后处死小鼠，剥离气管，切取气管段，置3mL生理盐水中漂洗lh，取出气管段，加人lmol/LNa0H 2滴，在7520型紫外分光光度计上测定546nm处的吸光度。
1.3.2 对小鼠氨水致咳的影响
雌性昆明种小鼠，禁食6h后，随机分组，本发明药物（15mL/kg），阳性对照组（咳必清50mg/kg），空白对照组（生理盐水）。给药后1h，将小鼠置于1450mL的钟罩内，用lmL浓氨水在沸水浴上蒸发，让氨水蒸气刺激小鼠45s，迅速将小鼠转移至另一钟罩内，以听诊器在钟罩内察听小鼠2min内咳嗽次数。
1.4 实验结果与结论
1.4.1 对小鼠呼吸道酚红排泄的影响：
本发明药物与阳性对照药物均具有明显的祛痰作用，与空白对照组比较，差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)；见表1。
注：与空白对照组比较，* P＜0.05
以上实验研究结果表明，本发明药物具有明显的祛痰作用。
1.4.2 对小鼠氨水致咳的影响：
本发明药物具有明显的止咳作用，与空白对照组比较，差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)；见表2。
注：与空白对照组比较，* P＜0.05
以上实验研究结果表明，本发明药物具有明显的止咳作用。
1.5 结论：通过上述实验可以看出，本发明药物具有明显的止咳祛痰作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1。
配方：甜茶浓缩液700g，陈皮5g，山楂5g，杏仁6g，花椒2g
工艺：本发明所述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备；
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入10倍量的水熬煮2次，第一次2h，第二次1h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入制成量0.03%的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至1000ml，即得。
用法与用量：口服，一次10mL，一日3次；小儿酌减。
实施例2。
配方：甜茶浓缩液600g，陈皮2g，山楂2g，杏仁5g，花椒1g及辅料。
工艺：本发明所述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备；
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入8倍量的水熬煮2次，第一次1.5h，第二次2h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入制成量0.03%的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至1000ml，即得。
用法与用量：口服，一次10mL，一日3次；小儿酌减。
实施例3。
配方：甜茶浓缩液650g，陈皮4g，山楂4g，杏仁7g，花椒3g及辅料。
工艺：本发明所述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备；
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入9倍量的水熬煮1次，熬煮时间为3h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入常规量的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至1000ml，即得。
用法与用量：口服，一次10mL，一日3次；小儿酌减。
实施例4。
配方：甜茶浓缩液750g，陈皮8g，山楂8g，杏仁7g，花椒4g及辅料。
工艺：本发明所述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备；
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入11倍量的水熬煮2次，第一次2.5h，第二次2.5h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入常规量的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至1000ml，即得。
用法与用量：口服，一次10mL，一日3次；小儿酌减。
实施例5。
配方：甜茶浓缩液800g，陈皮10g，山楂8g，杏仁8g，花椒5g及辅料。
工艺：本发明所述的甜茶止咳露按照下述步骤进行制备；
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入12倍量的水熬煮3次，第一次3h，第二次1h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入制成量0.03%的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至1000ml，即得。
用法与用量：口服，一次10mL，一日3次；小儿酌减。
实施例6。
甜茶浓缩液按照下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量10%的去离子水，水温为40℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.4%的复合酶SPE-007活化5～10分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加5～10倍量去离子水浸泡3分钟，期间调节温度至45～50℃，使用柠檬酸将pH值调节为4.5～5.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，45～50℃恒温酶解1.5-2.5h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到80～85℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中，在1.5～2.5MPa压力下进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用4μm的中空纤维陶瓷膜在1.0～2.0MPa压力下进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，温度控制在20～40℃，压力控制在1～10MPa，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
实施例7。
甜茶浓缩液按照下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量5%的去离子水，水温为35℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.3%的复合酶SPE-007活化5～8分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加5～8倍量去离子水浸泡2～3分钟，期间调节温度至40～45℃，使用柠檬酸将pH值调节为4.5～5.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，40～45℃恒温酶解1.5-2h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到75～80℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中，在1.5～2.5MPa压力下进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用4μm的中空纤维陶瓷膜在1.0～2.0MPa压力下进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，温度控制在20～40℃，压力控制在1～10MPa，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
实施例8。
甜茶浓缩液按照下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量20%的去离子水，水温为45℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.5%的复合酶SPE-007活化8～10分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加8～10倍量去离子水浸泡3～5分钟，期间调节温度至50～55℃，使用柠檬酸将pH值调节为5.0～6.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，50～55℃恒温酶解2.0-2.5h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到85～90℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中，在1.5～2.5MPa压力下进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用4μm的中空纤维陶瓷膜在1.0～2.0MPa压力下进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，温度控制在20～40℃，压力控制在1～10MPa，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
Claims (4)
1.一种甜茶止咳露，其特征在于：按照重量组份计算，由甜茶浓缩液700份，陈皮5份，山楂5份，杏仁6份，花椒2份及辅料制成；所述的甜茶浓缩液按下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量5～20%的去离子水，水温为35～45℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.3～0.5%的复合酶SPE-007活化5～10分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加5～10倍量去离子水浸泡2～5分钟，期间调节温度至40～55℃，调节pH值为4.0～6.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，40～55℃恒温酶解1.5-2.5h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到75～90℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用中空纤维陶瓷膜进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甜茶止咳露，其特征在于：所述的甜茶浓缩液按下述步骤制备：
A.在不锈钢桶中放入甜茶叶重量10%的去离子水，水温为40℃，然后加入甜茶叶干重0.4%的复合酶SPE-007活化5～10分钟，形成酶液，得A品；
B.将甜茶叶放入另一不锈钢发酵提取罐中，加5～10倍量去离子水浸泡3分钟，期间调节温度至45～50℃，调节pH值为4.5-5.0，然后缓慢加入A品并轻轻搅拌，45～50℃恒温酶解1.5-2.5h，酶解完全后，所得酶解液即为B品；
C.将B品加热到80～85℃进行酶灭活，放入板框压滤机中，在1.5～2.5MPa压力下进行粗滤，得到甜茶粗滤液，即为C品；
D.将C品用4μm的中空纤维陶瓷膜在1.0～2.0MPa压力下进行微滤，得到甜茶精滤液，即为Ｄ品；
E.将Ｄ品通过反渗透膜装置进行分离浓缩，温度控制在20～40℃，压力控制在1～10MPa，分离浓缩后所得的浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的甜茶止咳露的制作方法，其特征在于：按照下述步骤进行制备：
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入8～12倍量的水熬煮1～3次，每次0.5～3h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入常规量的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至全量，即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的甜茶止咳露的制作方法，其特征在于：按照下述步骤进行制备：
Ａ.将花椒、陈皮、山楂和杏仁放入不锈钢锅，加入10倍量的水熬煮2次，第一次2h，第二次1h，冷却、过滤，滤液合并，浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.20～1.25的浸膏,得A品；
Ｂ.将A品与甜茶浓缩液混合，加入制成量0.03%的苯甲酸钠混匀，滤过，滤液加纯化水至全量，即得。
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