CN108186865A - 支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其具体包括以下步骤:将浙贝母和珪藻土装柱,接到萃取釜,超临界提取得浙贝母生物碱;将甜茶叶中加入去离子水和香豆素,超声波浸提后粗滤,微滤,将微滤液冷冻浓缩得甜茶浓缩液;将配方量枇杷叶粉、白果仁粉、麻黄、陈醋、山楂、杏仁和冰糖中加入水煎煮得煎煮液,过滤;向煎煮液中加入配方量甜茶浓缩液、浙贝母生物碱、山梨酸钾、水果香精,混合均匀,过滤,灌装,即得口服液。有益效果为:本发明口服液的制备方法简单,制备过程对环境无不良影响,原料来源便利,保存期长;制得的口服液具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能快速的治疗支气管炎,同时能保护小儿患者的牙齿。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种口服液,尤其是涉及支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法。
背景技术
急性支气管炎是儿科常见的呼吸系统疾病,常继发于上呼吸道感染之后,气管、支气管同时受累,因此,又称为急性气管-支气管炎,临床以咳嗽、咳痰等为主要表现。该病预后一般良好,但是由于小儿体质差,家长护理不当或失治、误治,均可导致本病迁延不愈,咳嗽反复发作,最终影响小儿的生长发育,给家长增加了心理和经济负担。因此,如何有效的防治急性支气管炎成为目前儿科医生亟待解决的课题。
目前,西医主要应用对症治疗和控制感染的治疗方法对本病进行治疗。而对症治疗主要应用止咳和祛痰的方法。但止咳药普遍存在一定的副作用,如嗜睡、便秘、头痛、头晕、恶心、口干、腹胀等不良反应,并且西医侧重于以局部、客观、分析的观点来认识和治疗疾病,其治疗偏重于针对疾病局部病理改变,而忽视全身机能的调节,不能起到“标本”兼治的作用,使咳嗽、痰多的治疗受到很大限制。随着临床经验的不断丰富,临床研究的不断深入,人们逐渐将治疗咳嗽的方法聚焦到中医上。小儿急性支气管炎属于中医“咳嗽”范畴,是小儿较常见的以咳嗽症状为主症的一种肺系疾病。其病位主要在肺,常涉及脾,病机主要为肺失宣降,肺气上逆。咳嗽的病因可分为外感和内伤,但因小儿肌肤娇嫩,形气未充,卫外不固,易被外邪侵犯,故临床以外感咳嗽多见。我国著名儿科专家李晏龄教授认为小儿体属“纯阳”,且“阳常有余,阴常不足”,感邪易化热,因此,小儿外感咳嗽以风热咳嗽多见。导师朱珊教授认为脾肺为母子之脏,根据子病及母的传变规律,咳嗽的发生可使脾脏的运化功能受到影响,结合小儿脾常不足、运化无力的生理特点,故临床上小儿咳嗽常伴有食积、纳差等症状,因此,在治疗小儿咳嗽时,适当配伍健脾消食类中药,提出了小儿风热咳嗽以清肺化痰、止咳平喘、健脾消积为治则的理论。
现有技术如授权公告号为CN103127432B的中国发明专利,公开了一种治疗支气管炎的药物,该药物包括以下组份:桔梗5-15份、麦冬5-15份、桑白皮5-15份、鱼腥草2-8份、前胡2-8份、紫苏子2-8份等。该药物组方合理,各组分相辅相成,副作用减轻,疗效显著,可以达到止咳、化痰、消炎的功效,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,彻底治愈支气管炎。但是该药物服用前需要将药物煎煮成药剂,药剂不利于保存,且口味不佳,不适合小儿患者服用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,该制备方法简单,制备过程对环境无不良影响,原料来源便利,制得的口服液的保存期长,具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,同时能保护小儿患者的牙齿。
本发明针对上述技术中提到的问题,采取的技术方案为:支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,包括浙贝母生物碱提取、甜茶浓缩液制备、煎煮和成品制备,其具体包括以下步骤:
浙贝母生物碱提取:将重量比为6-8:1的浙贝母和珪藻土装柱,扭紧柱子,接到萃取釜,设定温度为55-65℃、压力25-28MPa、夹带剂流速0.3-0.5mL/min、CO2流速1-2L/h,参数稳定后提取2-3h,即得浙贝母生物碱,上述夹带剂为80-90%乙醇溶液,该乙醇溶液中含有0.034-0.042%的甘露醇,甘露醇中含有0.5-0.6%的L-甘露醇,贝母中生物碱类化合物是弱极性物质,高浓度乙醇作为夹带剂时,浙贝母中生物碱类提取率较高,而该甘露醇的加入可大大增加夹带剂和生物碱分子之间的范德华作用力,能够显著的提高CO2对生物碱的溶解度,进而提高生物碱的分离度和提取率,同时甘露醇可与生物碱中的官能团会发生强烈作用,能提高CO2对生物碱的选择性,得到的生物碱中贝母素甲、贝母素乙、鄂贝啶碱,去氯鄂义定碱和湖贝甲素的比例高,使得口服液能够通过延长潜伏期和减少咳嗽次数来达到止咳祛痰的目的,该提取方法利用在提取和分离阶段生物碱在CO2流体中溶解度的差异达到提取分离目的,可防止化学危害和热解的发生,同时不会因有毒溶剂的残留对人体造成危害及对环境造成污染,且能使浙贝母中的生物碱能够充分释放出来,提高其止咳祛痰效果,且该浙贝母生物碱具有抗氧化作用,能够提高口服液的保存期;
甜茶浓缩液制备:按料液比为1:15-20(g/mL)将甜茶叶中加入去离子水,再加入甜茶叶干重0.03-0.04‰的香豆素,在温度为75-85℃、超声波功率为280-350W下超声波浸提10-20min,放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤,再将粗滤液进行微滤,然后将微滤液在温度为-20至-15℃、转速为3000-3200r/min的条件下进行冷冻浓缩,浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液,上述甜茶浓缩液浓度为18-22°Brix,上述香豆素在超声波条件下可作用于纤维素的β-1,4-糖苷键而使其转化为苷元类化合物,可有效破解甜茶叶的细胞壁、降低提取液粘度,提高甜茶甙的释放量,使得口服液能抑制GTF的活性,不利于致龋变形链球菌的生长并且抑制变形链球菌的生长、黏附和产酸的作用,避免粘附到牙釉质表面获得性膜上形成牙菌斑而导致牙釉质表面局部脱矿而形成龋坏,最终保护小儿患者的牙齿,该步骤通过降低系统温度到冰点以下,致使物料中的部分水分以冰晶形式出现,进而除去冰晶达到浓缩目的,所得甜茶浓缩液入药有清热解毒、润肺、祛痰和止咳的功效,甜茶浓缩液中具有较高的甜度、较低的热量、口味纯正,可以代替蔗糖添加到食品中,能成为糖尿病、肥胖症等患者替代糖类甜味物质,同时具有防治心脑血管疾病、癌症等功效,能够抗氧化,并且能抑制脂质过氧化反应,提高口服液的保存期,此外甜茶浓缩液能够抑制组织胺引起的支气管痉孪,具有消炎、止痛、止咳、祛痰、抗过敏及抑制透明质酸分解的作用;
煎煮:按料液比为1:6-8(g/mL)将枇杷叶粉、白果仁粉、麻黄、陈醋、山楂、杏仁和冰糖中加入水煎煮2-3h,得煎煮液,用200-300目纱布过滤,备用,该步骤能保留陈醋中的多酚物质,能够清除口服液中含有的活性氧、氧自由基,延长口服液的保质期;
成品制备:向煎煮液中加入配方量甜茶浓缩液、浙贝母生物碱、山梨酸钾、水果香精,混合均匀,用200-300目纱布过滤,灌装,即得口服液,该口服液中各成分配伍合理,能够发挥协同作用,使得口服液的口味佳,具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能延长潜伏期,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,减少患者的痛苦。
作为优选,支气管炎患者用口服液的成分及其重量份为:枇杷叶粉5-8份、白果仁粉3-4份、麻黄1-2份、陈醋3-5份、山楂1-3份、杏仁0.5-1.2份、冰糖0.5-1.2份、甜茶浓缩液35-45份、浙贝母生物碱1.5-2.5份、山梨酸钾0.3-0.5份、水果香精0.6-0.8份。该口服液各成分之间配伍合理,具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能延长潜伏期,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,能快速的治疗支气管炎;该口服液采用的原料来源便利,保存期长,对人体无任何毒副作用。
支气管炎患者用口服液的服用方法,口服液服用方法,当小儿出现咳嗽等症状时,每次服用4-6mL口服液,每日3-4次。上述口服液服用后能止咳祛痰、清热解毒、镇痉平喘、抗菌消炎以及增强机体免疫力等,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等症状,连续服用该口服液5-15日即可痊愈。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:1)本发明口服液的制备方法简单,制备过程对环境无不良影响,有利于经济社会的可持续发展,原料来源便利,口服液的保存期长,对人体无任何毒副作用,服用方法简单,具有较大的发展潜力;2)该制备方法制得的口服液具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能延长潜伏期,有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,能快速的治疗支气管炎;3)该制备方法使得口服液能抑制GTF的活性,不利于致龋变形链球菌的生长并且抑制变形链球菌的生长、黏附和产酸的作用,避免粘附到牙釉质表面获得性膜上形成牙菌斑而导致牙釉质表面局部脱矿而形成龋坏,最终保护小儿患者的牙齿;4)该制备方法能够显著的提高CO2对生物碱的溶解度和选择性,进而提高生物碱中贝母素甲、贝母素乙、鄂贝啶碱,去氯鄂义定碱和湖贝甲素的比例,使得口服液能够通过延长潜伏期和减少咳嗽次数来达到止咳祛痰的目的。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明方案作进一步说明:
实施例1:
支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,包括浙贝母生物碱提取、甜茶浓缩液制备、煎煮和成品制备,其具体包括以下步骤:
1)浙贝母生物碱提取:将重量比为8:1的浙贝母和珪藻土装柱,扭紧柱子,接到萃取釜,设定温度为55℃、压力28MPa、夹带剂流速0.3mL/min、CO2流速2L/h,参数稳定后提取2h,即得浙贝母生物碱,夹带剂为90%乙醇溶液,该乙醇溶液中含有0.034%的甘露醇,甘露醇中含有0.6%的L-甘露醇,贝母中生物碱类化合物是弱极性物质,高浓度乙醇作为夹带剂时,浙贝母中生物碱类提取率较高,而该甘露醇的加入可大大增加夹带剂和生物碱分子之间的范德华作用力,能够显著的提高CO2对生物碱的溶解度,进而提高生物碱的分离度和提取率,同时甘露醇可与生物碱中的官能团会发生强烈作用,能提高CO2对生物碱的选择性,得到的生物碱中贝母素甲、贝母素乙、鄂贝啶碱,去氯鄂义定碱和湖贝甲素的比例高,使得口服液能够通过延长潜伏期和减少咳嗽次数来达到止咳祛痰的目的,该提取方法利用在提取和分离阶段生物碱在CO2流体中溶解度的差异达到提取分离目的,可防止化学危害和热解的发生,同时不会因有毒溶剂的残留对人体造成危害及对环境造成污染,且能使浙贝母中的生物碱能够充分释放出来,提高其止咳祛痰效果,且该浙贝母生物碱具有抗氧化作用,能够提高口服液的保存期;
2)甜茶浓缩液制备:按料液比为1:20(g/mL)将甜茶叶中加入去离子水,再加入甜茶叶干重0.03‰的香豆素,在温度为85℃、超声波功率为280W下超声波浸提20min,放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤,再将粗滤液进行微滤,然后将微滤液在温度为-20℃、转速为3200r/min的条件下进行冷冻浓缩,浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液,上述甜茶浓缩液浓度为18°Brix,上述香豆素在超声波条件下可作用于纤维素的β-1,4-糖苷键而使其转化为苷元类化合物,可有效破解甜茶叶的细胞壁、降低提取液粘度,提高甜茶甙的释放量,使得口服液能抑制GTF的活性,不利于致龋变形链球菌的生长并且抑制变形链球菌的生长、黏附和产酸的作用,避免粘附到牙釉质表面获得性膜上形成牙菌斑而导致牙釉质表面局部脱矿而形成龋坏,最终保护小儿患者的牙齿,该步骤通过降低系统温度到冰点以下,致使物料中的部分水分以冰晶形式出现,进而除去冰晶达到浓缩目的,所得甜茶浓缩液入药有清热解毒、润肺、祛痰和止咳的功效,甜茶浓缩液中具有较高的甜度、较低的热量、口味纯正,可以代替蔗糖添加到食品中,能成为糖尿病、肥胖症等患者替代糖类甜味物质,同时具有防治心脑血管疾病、癌症等功效,能够抗氧化,并且能抑制脂质过氧化反应,提高口服液的保存期,此外甜茶浓缩液能够抑制组织胺引起的支气管痉孪,具有消炎、止痛、止咳、祛痰、抗过敏及抑制透明质酸分解的作用;
3)煎煮:按料液比为1:8(g/mL)将枇杷叶粉、白果仁粉、麻黄、陈醋、山楂、杏仁和冰糖中加入水煎煮2h,得煎煮液,用300目纱布过滤,备用,该步骤能保留陈醋中的多酚物质,能够清除口服液中含有的活性氧、氧自由基,延长口服液的保质期;
4)成品制备:向煎煮液中加入配方量甜茶浓缩液、浙贝母生物碱、山梨酸钾、水果香精,混合均匀,用300目纱布过滤,灌装,即得口服液,该口服液中各成分配伍合理,能够发挥协同作用,使得口服液的口味佳,具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能延长潜伏期,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,减少患者的痛苦。
上述支气管炎患者用口服液的成分及其重量份为:枇杷叶粉8份、白果仁粉3份、麻黄2份、陈醋3份、山楂3份、杏仁0.5份、冰糖1.2份、甜茶浓缩液35份、浙贝母生物碱2.5份、山梨酸钾0.3份、水果香精0.8份。该口服液各成分之间配伍合理,具有止咳、化痰、平喘、消炎的作用,能延长潜伏期,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等诸多症状,能快速的治疗支气管炎;该口服液采用的原料来源便利,保存期长,对人体无任何毒副作用。
支气管炎患者用口服液的服用方法,口服液服用方法,当小儿出现咳嗽等症状时,每次服用4-6mL口服液,每日3-4次。上述口服液服用后能止咳祛痰、清热解毒、镇痉平喘、抗菌消炎以及增强机体免疫力等,能有效消除支气管炎所带来的咳嗽、痰多等症状,连续服用该口服液5-15日即可痊愈。
实施例2:
支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,包括浙贝母生物碱提取、甜茶浓缩液制备、煎煮和成品制备,其具体包括以下步骤:
1)浙贝母生物碱提取:将重量比为6:1的浙贝母和珪藻土装柱,扭紧柱子,接到萃取釜,设定温度为65℃、压力25MPa、夹带剂流速0.5mL/min、CO2流速1L/h,参数稳定后提取3h,即得浙贝母生物碱,夹带剂为80%乙醇溶液,该乙醇溶液中含有0.042%的甘露醇,甘露醇中含有0.5%的L-甘露醇;
2)甜茶浓缩液制备:按料液比为1:15(g/mL)将甜茶叶中加入去离子水,再加入甜茶叶干重0.04‰的香豆素,在温度为75℃、超声波功率为350W下超声波浸提10min,放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤,再将粗滤液进行微滤,然后将微滤液在温度为-15℃、转速为3000r/min的条件下进行冷冻浓缩,浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液,上述甜茶浓缩液浓度为22°Brix;
3)煎煮:按料液比为1:6(g/mL)将枇杷叶粉、白果仁粉、麻黄、陈醋、山楂、杏仁和冰糖中加入水煎煮3h,得煎煮液,用200目纱布过滤,备用;
4)成品制备:向煎煮液中加入配方量甜茶浓缩液、浙贝母生物碱、山梨酸钾、水果香精,混合均匀,用300目纱布过滤,灌装,即得口服液。
上述支气管炎患者用口服液的成分及其重量份为:枇杷叶粉5份、白果仁粉4份、麻黄1份、陈醋5份、山楂1份、杏仁1.2份、冰糖0.5份、甜茶浓缩液45份、浙贝母生物碱1.5份、山梨酸钾0.5份、水果香精0.6份。
支气管炎患者用口服液的服用方法,口服液服用方法,当小儿出现咳嗽等症状时,每次服用4-6mL口服液,每日3-4次。
实施例3:
支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,包括浙贝母生物碱提取、甜茶浓缩液制备、煎煮和成品制备,其具体包括以下步骤:
1)浙贝母生物碱提取:将重量比为7:1的浙贝母和珪藻土装柱,扭紧柱子,接到萃取釜,设定温度为60℃、压力26MPa、夹带剂流速0.4mL/min、CO2流速1.5L/h,参数稳定后提取2.5h,即得浙贝母生物碱,夹带剂为85%乙醇溶液,该乙醇溶液中含有0.04%的甘露醇,甘露醇中含有0.55%的L-甘露醇;
2)甜茶浓缩液制备:按料液比为1:18(g/mL)将甜茶叶中加入去离子水,再加入甜茶叶干重0.035‰的香豆素,在温度为80℃、超声波功率为300W下超声波浸提15min,放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤,再将粗滤液进行微滤,然后将微滤液在温度为-17℃、转速为3100r/min的条件下进行冷冻浓缩,浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液,上述甜茶浓缩液浓度为20°Brix;
3)煎煮:按料液比为1:7(g/mL)将枇杷叶粉、白果仁粉、麻黄、陈醋、山楂、杏仁和冰糖中加入水煎煮2.5h,得煎煮液,用250目纱布过滤,备用;
4)成品制备:向煎煮液中加入配方量甜茶浓缩液、浙贝母生物碱、山梨酸钾、水果香精,混合均匀,用250目纱布过滤,灌装,即得口服液。
上述支气管炎患者用口服液的成分及其重量份为:枇杷叶粉7份、白果仁粉3.4份、麻黄1.6份、陈醋4份、山楂2份、杏仁0.8份、冰糖0.8份、甜茶浓缩液40份、浙贝母生物碱2.0份、山梨酸钾0.42份、水果香精0.7份。
支气管炎患者用口服液的服用方法,口服液服用方法,当小儿出现咳嗽等症状时,每次服用4-6mL口服液,每日3-4次。
本发明的操作步骤中的常规操作为本领域技术人员所熟知,在此不进行赘述。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,包括浙贝母生物碱提取、甜茶浓缩液制备、煎煮和成品制备,其特征在于:所述浙贝母生物碱提取步骤为将浙贝母和珪藻土装柱,扭紧柱子,接到萃取釜,设定参数,参数稳定后提取,即得浙贝母生物碱,所述提取用夹带剂含有甘露醇的乙醇溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述浙贝母生物碱提取步骤中浙贝母和珪藻土的重量比为6-8:1,提取温度为55-65℃、压力25-28MPa、夹带剂流速0.3-0.5mL/min、CO2流速1-2L/h,提取2-3h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述浙贝母生物碱提取步骤中乙醇溶液浓度为80-90%,所述乙醇溶液中含有0.034-0.042%的甘露醇,所述甘露醇中含有0.5-0.6%的L-甘露醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述甜茶浓缩液制备步骤为:按料液比为1:15-20(g/mL)将甜茶叶中加入去离子水,再加入甜茶叶干重0.03-0.04‰的香豆素,在温度为75-85℃、超声波功率为280-350W下超声波浸提10-20min,放入板框压滤机中进行粗滤,再将粗滤液进行微滤,然后将微滤液冷冻浓缩,浓缩液即为甜茶浓缩液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述甜茶浓缩液浓度为18-22°Brix。
6.根据权利要求1所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述煎煮步骤为:按料液比为1:6-8(g/mL)将配方量枇杷叶粉、白果仁粉、麻黄、陈醋、山楂、杏仁和冰糖中加入水煎煮2-3h,得煎煮液,用200-300目纱布过滤,备用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述成品制备步骤为:向煎煮液中加入配方量甜茶浓缩液、浙贝母生物碱、山梨酸钾、水果香精,混合均匀,用200-300目纱布过滤,灌装,即得口服液。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述口服液的成分及其重量份为:枇杷叶粉5-8份、白果仁粉3-4份、麻黄1-2份、陈醋3-5份、山楂1-3份、杏仁0.5-1.2份、冰糖0.5-1.2份、甜茶浓缩液35-45份、浙贝母生物碱1.5-2.5份、山梨酸钾0.3-0.5份、水果香精0.6-0.8份。
9.根据权利要求1至8所述的支气管炎患者用口服液的制备方法,其特征在于:所述口服液服用方法为:当小儿出现咳嗽等症状时,每次服用4-6mL口服液,每日3-4次。
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