Slope, field infiltration of ground surface performance and osmotic coefficient measurement method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the osmotic coefficient measurement method in a kind of hydraulic engineering and device, be specifically related to slope, a kind of field infiltration of ground surface performance and osmotic coefficient measurement method and device.
Background technology
Infiltration coefficient is also known as hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic conductivity).In isotropic medium, it is defined as the specific discharge under specific potential gradient, represents the complexity of fluid by pore framework.
In hydraulic engineering or Geological Engineering, often need the infiltration coefficient measuring ground to pass judgment on geology infiltration capacity situation.Measure ground infiltration capacity, have around-France and artificial rain method with one heart.Around-Francely with one heart being pressed among soil layer by concentric ring, is surface level by treatment native in ring, applies determine head and measure infiltration capacity in inner and outer ring, and according to Darcy's law calculating soil layer surface penetration coefficient.Rainmaking rule by artificial rain device, makes water act on soil surface with the form of approximate rainfall, measures the amount of rainfall to obtain infiltration capacity with the difference of runoff yield, and calculates the infiltration coefficient on soil layer surface accordingly.Around-France with one heart, needing soil layer surface treatment is surface level, can not carry out the direct measurement that natural slope infiltrates, and the calculating of infiltration coefficient yet could will be determined by the estimation of seepage paths, accurately calculates more difficult; Artificial rain method needs to measure runoff yield, and runoff yield is difficult to real-time Measurement accuracy, is not suitable for horizontal earth's surface, and scope of infiltrating also is difficult to determine on the other hand, and the infiltration coefficient on soil layer surface is also difficult to accurate calculating.
Therefore, for the infiltration capacity on earth's surface, slope, field and the measurement problem of infiltration coefficient, not yet there is good method and apparatus this area.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, for problems of the prior art, provides a kind of and can improve ground infiltration capacity and gas permeability measurement convenience, slope, the field infiltration of ground surface performance of accuracy and osmotic coefficient measurement method and device.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: measuring method of the present invention is the saturated wetting measurement without Water log infiltration and rainfall amount thereof by realizing earth's surface, slope (containing flatly showing), obtain soil layer surface zero pressure saturated infiltration-time relationship, obtain rainfall infiltration performance and the saturation permeability coefficient on soil layer surface.
For achieving the above object, field of the present invention slope infiltration capacity and osmotic coefficient measurement method are: it have employed earth's surface, slope, a kind of field double-ring infiltration instrument, this device realizes making the rainfall amount self-adaptation of infiltrating in ring equal saturated without Water log infiltration amount, realizes surface without the saturated wetting conditions of ponding; Utilize dicyclo or single-ring infiltration mode, realize the path of infiltrating along gravity direction of seepage flow; Drawing inner ring infiltration capacity-time curve, by excavating the soil body several meters away at measurement point and measurement point during off-test, obtaining the degree of depth of infiltrating of the inner ring soil body, and every 20cm sampling and testing soil body saturation moisture content, porosity and natural moisture content; According to these data, the saturation permeability coefficient of the soil body and the suction of corresponding natural moisture content can be calculated.
The device that the present invention adopts is earth's surface, slope, field double-ring infiltration instrument, and it comprises one, and to infiltrate ring and one for the slope being pressed into the concentric double ring structure in the ground surface soil of slope, wild country be rainfall cylinder and two Marriot water tanks for supplying water in the dicyclo to rainfall cylinder of concentric double ring structure for making the slope rainfall amount self-adaptation of infiltrating in the inner ring of ring and outer shroud equal saturated without Water log infiltration amount equally.It is the serial annulus having degree of tilt that ring is infiltrated on slope, adapts to the different gradients.Also namely slope infiltrate the serial annulus press-in slope of ring time, the suitable for reading of all rings is positioned on same inclined-plane, and this inclined-plane is approximately parallel to the inclined-plane on institute's deviational survey slope.
Further, each Marriot water tank holds up with a tank bracket and comprises one for filling the attemperater of water and being arranged on the level scale pipe of a side of attemperater, be provided with a feed pipe for supplying water in rainfall cylinder in the bottom sides of attemperater, this feed pipe is provided with flowing water Valve; Be provided with a tank seal lid and a Marriot snorkel at the top of each attemperater, every bar Marriot snorkel connects one for infiltrating with described slope the dicyclo snorkel that ring ventilates.The bottom opening of dicyclo snorkel is located at slope and is infiltrated native surperficial least significant end place in ring.
Further, rainfall cylinder is provided with rainfall cylinder outer shroud and rainfall cylinder inner ring, is provided with outer shroud multiple field porous web plate in rainfall cylinder outer shroud, is provided with inner ring multiple field porous web plate in rainfall cylinder inner ring; The built-in multi-layer porous plate of rainfall cylinder, wherein undermost porous plate is in tilted layout, vergence direction is contrary with the inclined-plane vergence direction on slope to be measured, realize rain controller to infiltrate earth's surface eminence rainfall amount in ring large, and lower rainfall amount is little, realize surperficial saturated infiltration by overland flow, slope eminence undersaturation in ring of avoiding infiltrating is infiltrated.Be positioned on outer shroud multiple field porous web plate bottom one of them feed pipe in two Marriot water tanks, be positioned at bottom another feed pipe on inner ring multiple field porous web plate.Accordingly, in two Marriot water tanks, the bottom opening of the dicyclo snorkel of the Marriot water tank supplied water in the outer shroud of rainfall cylinder is located at the least significant end place, soil surface infiltrated in ring outer shroud, and the dicyclo snorkel bottom opening of the Marriot water tank supplied water to the inner ring of rainfall cylinder is located at the surperficial least significant end place of the soil infiltrated in ring inner ring.
Owing to being carry out permeability intensity on the slope, be therefore provided with can the rainfall tube stent of just maintenance level on the slope for rainfall cylinder; In addition, rainfall cylinder top is provided with rainfall cylinder plexiglass cover; Bottom rainfall cylinder, ring set has vaporproof closure, and the bottom part ring of described vaporproof closure is enclosed within described slope and infiltrates the lateral surface of ring.Because rainfall cylinder top is provided with plexiglass cover, therefore feed pipe stretches into rainfall cylinder inside by the through hole being arranged on rainfall cylinder outer shroud and rainfall cylinder inner ring side from side.Slope is infiltrated ring and is made up of concentric ring inner ring and the ring outer shroud that infiltrates of infiltrating, and the bottom part ring of described vaporproof closure is enclosed within infiltrates the lateral surface of ring outer shroud.
The present invention, by regulating mesh screen barrel hole size and the mesh screen angle of multi-layer porous web plate in rainfall cylinder, makes multi-layer porous web plate at the bottom of Po Ding direction, slope is a little less than slope, under rainfall and Slope-Runoff acting in conjunction, guarantees to realize ramped surfaces saturated infiltration; Be positioned at by the air intake opening connected with Marriot, supply tank top pipe and infiltrate the flexible pipe of ring least significant end position Geotextile, when rainfall amount is greater than infiltration capacity, the ring internal water accumulation that infiltrates floods air intake opening thus tank top snorkel is sealed, water tank inner air pressure progressively reduces and realizes the reduction of water supply flow (rainfall amount), ooze until rainfall amount is less than under infiltration capacity causes ponding, surface when blow vent after Water log infiltration thus tank top be communicated with air and increase output.For the silt or the silty sand that there is suction, because infiltration capacity always reduces in time, therefore, after surfacing again after air intake opening is submerged, the aperture of supply tank valve manually should be reduced slightly.The method can realize the in a basic balance of rainfall amount and saturated infiltration amount; When infiltration rate-time curve is tending towards straight line, test can be stopped.
This measuring method of the present invention and device, can solve the problem of infiltrating performance and infiltration coefficient measuring earth's surface, slope, wild country, and the method is implemented convenient, simple to operate, is worthy to be popularized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is single unit system structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Marriot cisten mechanism schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is rainfall barrel structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that ring structure schematic diagram is infiltrated on slope.
Being labeled as in accompanying drawing: 1-Marriot water tank, 2-rainfall cylinder, 3-slope infiltrate ring, 4-tank seal lid, 5-Marriot snorkel, 6-attemperater, 7-level scale pipe, 8-flowing water Valve, 9-feed pipe, 10-dicyclo snorkel, 11-tank bracket, 12-rainfall cylinder outer shroud, 13-rainfall cylinder inner ring, 14-rainfall cylinder plexiglass cover, 15-inner ring multiple field porous web plate, 16-outer shroud multiple field porous web plate, 17-rainfall tube stent, 18-vaporproof closure, 19-infiltrates ring inner ring, and 20-infiltrates ring outer shroud.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, during the invention process, in accordance with the following steps:
First slope is infiltrated the infiltrating ring inner ring 19 vertically press-in soil is medium and small and permitted of ring 3, then will infiltrating ring outer shroud 20, to be vertically pressed into soil with concentric circles medium and small perhaps.
Then rainfall cylinder 2 is installed, rainfall cylinder 2 is positioned at slope and infiltrates the top of ring 3, rainfall cylinder 2 is positioned on rainfall tube stent 17, the rack leg that this rainfall tube stent 17 adopts a length of side short on one side, thus making rainfall cylinder 2 just can keep horizontality on the slope, rainfall cylinder 2 and slope are infiltrated the surrounding of part between ring 3 and cover in reduce moisture evaporation by the vaporproof closure 18 of rainfall cylinder 2.
Start Marriot water tank 1 is installed after rainfall cylinder 2 installation, as shown in Figure 2, Marriot water tank 1 is two, hold up respectively by tank bracket 11 and be placed in both sides above rainfall cylinder 2, one in these two Marriot water tanks 1 in rainfall cylinder inner ring 13 supply water, another is for supplying water to rainfall cylinder outer shroud 12.Connect Marriot snorkel 5 and feed pipe 9, Marriot snorkel 5 is connected with dicyclo snorkel 10, and the air intake opening of two dicyclo snorkels 10 of two Marriot water tanks 1 is individually fixed in slope and infiltrates the inner ring of ring 3 and the bottom lowest part of outer shroud.
Substantially fill water by the attemperater 6 of two Marriot supply tanks 1, measure water temperature and water filling port tank seal lid 4 is covered tightly sealing, recording inner and outer ring supply tank water level reading by level scale pipe 7; Open the flowing water Valve 8 of inner and outer ring feed pipe 9, supply water in rainfall cylinder 2, permeability intensity starts.As shown in Figure 3, the top due to rainfall cylinder 2 is provided with rainfall cylinder plexiglass cover 14, and therefore feed pipe 9 stretches into rainfall cylinder 2 inside from the side perforate of rainfall cylinder 2.In infiltration process, can by the mesh screen barrel hole size on adjustment inner ring multiple field porous web plate 16 and outer shroud multiple field porous web plate 16 and mesh screen angle, make multi-layer porous web plate at the bottom of Po Ding direction, slope is a little less than slope, under rainfall and Slope-Runoff acting in conjunction, guarantee to realize ramped surfaces saturated infiltration.
Interval writing time and water level at regular intervals, and calculate infiltration rate; During infiltration rate even variation, stop test, draw inner and outer ring infiltration rate time curve, the saturated infiltration amount-time curve at this i.e. this place; When permeability intensity stops, select and distance infiltrates rice excavation of counting infiltrating simultaneously, obtain the saturated infiltration degree of depth, every certain depth as 20cm samples, the parameters such as test acquisition saturation moisture content, initial water content, porosity; According to above-mentioned data, calculate and obtain the saturation permeability coefficient of the soil body and suction corresponding to natural moisture content.
Infiltrate when starting and output will be made slowly to increase to infiltrate to occur ponding in ring, after air intake opening surfaces again, slowly reduce output.The mouth that often occurs once infiltrating floods, and reduces an output, until test stops, the amplitude of reduction makes to infiltrate surface and still can be advisable by runoff yield.
Certainly, more than just embody rule example of the present invention, the technical scheme that the present invention also has other embodiment, all employings to be equal to replacement or equivalent transformation to be formed, all drops within protection domain of the presently claimed invention.