The apparatus and method of underground water table are measured under a kind of condition of negative pressure
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground water table testing tool and method, the underground water table test particularly and under condition of negative pressure.
Background technology
Geotechnical Engineering field, often needs to observe underground water table.Engineering adopts conventional opened type test tube method for the method for testing of underground water table, and the essence of SEA LEVEL VARIATION reflection measured by it is the mean value of water level pipe chimney filter section each point drawdown.If by underground water table during the method test vacuum pre-press reinforcing foundation, ferrule must be opened in test process, water level pipe inside certainly will be caused like this to be communicated with air, in pipe, gas pressure intensity can increase to rapidly a normal atmosphere (An) from a low-pressure state (lower than normal atmosphere (An)), and then causes the marked change of water level pipe surrounding soil Pore Pressure.Therefore, the water level measured by this method can only reflect the analog value that normal atmosphere is depressed, it is not the actual value of underground water table in ground under condition of negative pressure, and water-level observation number of times is more during vacuum preloading, the error caused is larger, so conventional underground water table method of testing the test request of underground water table under not being suitable for vacuum preloading condition.
In the prior art, Chinese patent (number of patent application: 201120143312.X) discloses " a kind of underground water level observation device ", design feature is that the lower end of well casing is placed in soil, elevate above the soil and be provided with end cap in upper end, the lower end sidewall of well casing is provided with water seepage hole, and its bottom is provided with water permeating board, scale bar is arranged in well casing, one end of scale bar is connected with ball float, and the other end passes end cap and stretches out outside well casing, and scale bar is provided with bar code.Read the bar code on scale bar by code reader rapidly and accurately, and directly input computing machine, reduce measuring error.But there is following shortcoming: (1) this device communicates with air, can not measure the underground water table under condition of negative pressure; (2) the port blow-by of this device, extraneous air pressure change can affect the measurement result of underground water table.In addition, and Chinese patent (number of patent application: 200620073649.7) also disclose " a kind of Water level measuring device for vacuum preloading foundation reinforcing area ", its structure is that magnet ring float overlaps on inner pipe, the bottom end closure of interior pipe; The tube wall of outer tube is offered even permeable aperture, arranges stop between inner and outer pipe, the position of inner and outer tubes fixed by stop, wraps up geotechnological filter cloth in the outside of outer tube.This device makes simple, water level piezometric tube is No leakage loss of vacuum pressure vacuum energy when measuring, overcome that piezometric tube is communicated with atmospheric pressure, the shortcoming of measurement result distortion, but also there is following problem in this device: (1) outer tube from the mouth of pipe to sand bedding course below be not communicated with surrounding soil within the scope of 2m, so it is consistent to be difficult to vacuum tightness inside and outside guaranteed water level pipe, thus cause measuring error; (2) for guaranteeing that magnet ring can along interior pipe unmanaged flexibility, in the water level adopted, pipe can not adopt conventional pipe-connecting mode, produces once shaping, and by the restriction of producing, transporting and burying underground, its length is relatively limited.
Summary of the invention
Object: the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, provides that a kind of structure is simple, measures device and the preparation method of underground water table under the condition of negative pressure of convenient operation.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Measure a device for underground water table under condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: the device measuring underground water table under described condition of negative pressure comprises water-permeable pipe, floating block, scale, piston, plumbous cone, permeability hole; Wherein, water-permeable pipe is hollow structure and bottom end seal, and lower side offers permeability hole, and piston to be arranged in water-permeable pipe and to seal with water-permeable pipe and is slidably connected; Scale passes piston and is fixedly connected with piston; Scale bottom to be positioned at below piston and to connect floating block, and scale upper end connects plumbous cone.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: also comprise the first pulley and the second pulley; Water-permeable pipe top is provided with fixed support, fixed support connects the first pulley, and the second pulley is positioned on water-permeable pipe sidewall; The scale top be positioned at above piston is fixedly installed gets stuck; Plumbous cone is connected with getting stuck through the second pulley, the first pulley by bracing wire.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: described fixed support is provided with the graticule being convenient to read scale label.
Preferably, measuring the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: described piston being also provided with spill rubber cup for preventing gas leakage.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: geotechnological filter cloth parcel is set outside described water-permeable pipe.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: described scale is provided with scale.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: described scale and water-permeable pipe be arranged in parallel.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: described water-permeable pipe lower end arranges bottom and seals.
Preferably, measure the device of underground water table under described a kind of condition of negative pressure, it is characterized in that: described water-permeable pipe diameter is 50-60mm, and/or; Floating block height 10-15cm, diameter 50-60mm, and/or; Plumbous cone quality is 15kg-23kg.
Measure the measuring method of the device of underground water table under above-mentioned condition of negative pressure, comprise the following steps:
(1) utilize pore-forming drill in workspace predetermined measuring point locating holes, water-permeable pipe bottom is connected bottom, outer layer covers geotechnique filter cloth, then imbed in hole, ensure that permeability hole section is all embedded under diaphragm seal, diaphragm seal 30-50 centimetre is exposed in water-permeable pipe upper end;
(2) after water-permeable pipe is fixing, rinse water-permeable pipe inwall with water, prevent soil particle from affecting slip and the sealing effectiveness of piston;
(3) settle floating block, scale and piston, install get stuck, fixed support, the first pulley and the second pulley, connects fixing getting stuck on plumbous cone and scale with bracing wire, first makes lead bore and floating block is in a fixed position;
(4) under the effect of negative pressure, underground water enters water-permeable pipe by permeability hole, and after stable level, that removes floating block and plumbous cone is fixing, makes floating block be in floating state, is read the initial reading of scale by support bracket fastened graticule
h 0 ;
(5) outside workspace, determine absolute altitude reference point, utilize spirit-leveling instrument to measure the initial absolute altitude of water-permeable pipe upper port
h z0 ; According to the initial absolute altitude of water-permeable pipe upper port
h z0 , length of the scale
hand graticule place initial reading calculates initial underground water table
h 0 =
h z0 +
h 0 -h;
(6) in vacuum, floating block can fluctuate along with the change of underground water table, thus drives floating of scale, and each measurement reads support bracket fastened graticule place reading
h i and the elevation of water-permeable pipe upper end
h zi , i is positive integer, according to the requirement of survey frequency, repeats step (4), (5) just can obtain the real-time change value of underground water table under condition of negative pressure.
Beneficial effect: the device measuring underground water table under a kind of condition of negative pressure provided by the invention, floating block changes along with fluctuating of underground water table, can obtain underground water table by the scale reading mouth of pipe elevation, length of the scale and graticule place scale, 1. measurement mechanism structure is simple, is easy to operation; 2. can obtain the observation of groundwater levels data under condition of negative pressure quickly and accurately, overcome the shortcoming revealing vacuum pressure in conventional observation of groundwater levels method; 3. under condition of negative pressure, record real WATER LEVEL CHANGES situation in real time, accurately can understand consolidation effect and the engineering progress in precompressed region.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the invention process schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention;
In figure: water-permeable pipe 1, floating block 2, scale 3, piston 4, spill rubber cup 5, first pulley 6, second pulley 7, bracing wire 8, plumbous cone 9, fixed support 10, get stuck 11, underground water table 12, permeability hole 13, geotechnological filter cloth 14, bottom 15.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Fig. 1 to 2, for measuring the device of underground water table under a kind of condition of negative pressure, comprising: water-permeable pipe 1, floating block 2, scale 3, piston 4, spill rubber cup 5, first pulley 6, second pulley 7, bracing wire 8, plumbous cone 9, fixed support 10, get stuck 11, permeability hole 13, geotechnological filter cloth 14, bottom 15;
Wherein, water-permeable pipe 1 lower end connects bottom 15, and during use, sealed bottom is arranged in soil, and lower side offers permeability hole 13, wraps up 14 by geotechnological filter cloth, can allow after groundwater seepage and freely enter in water-permeable pipe.Piston 4, scale 3 and floating block 2 are arranged in water-permeable pipe 1, and piston 4 to be arranged in water-permeable pipe 1 and to seal with water-permeable pipe 1 and is slidably connected; Piston is positioned in the middle part of water-permeable pipe, on water level, fixes with scale stage casing, and scale 3 is through piston 4 and vertically with piston 4 arrange, and scale 3 and water-permeable pipe 1 preferably be arranged in parallel; Scale bottom to be positioned at below piston 4 and to connect floating block 2, and scale upper end connects plumbous cone 9, and three slides up and down together.Scale 3 is provided with scale, and as preferably, it is outer and freely sagging that plumbous cone 9 is positioned at water-permeable pipe 1.
The upper end that water-permeable pipe 1 elevates above the soil is provided with fixed support 10, and fixed support 10 is provided with the first pulley 6, second pulley 7 and is positioned on water-permeable pipe sidewall; The scale top be positioned at above piston is fixedly installed gets stuck 11; Plumbous cone 9 by bracing wire 8 through the first pulley 6, second pulley 7 be fixed on getting stuck of scale 3 and 11 be connected, play water buoyancy, atmospheric pressure, plumbous cone gravity force system in equilibrium and castering action.
Fixed support 10 is provided with graticule, as the standard reading scale 3 scale.
Wherein piston 4 is fixed with spill rubber cup 5, under the effect of atm difference, spill rubber cup 5 can open as inflator, and isolated ambient atmosphere enters in water-permeable pipe, keeps the negative pressure state in water-permeable pipe constant, is unlikely to gas leakage.
In the present embodiment, water-permeable pipe diameter is 50mm-60mm, and floating block and scale bottom are fixed, height 10-15cm, diameter 50-60mm, and plumbous cone quality is 15kg-23kg.
Measure the measuring method of the device of underground water table under condition of negative pressure of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
(1) utilize pore-forming drill in workspace predetermined measuring point locating holes (forbidding high pressure water flushing method perforate), water-permeable pipe bottom is connected bottom 15, outer layer covers geotechnique filter cloth 14, then imbed in hole, ensure that permeability hole section is all embedded under diaphragm seal, diaphragm seal 30-50 centimetre is exposed in water-permeable pipe upper end;
(2) after water-permeable pipe 1 is fixing, rinse water-permeable pipe inwall with water, prevent soil particle from affecting slip and the sealing effectiveness of piston 4;
(3) settle floating block 2, scale 3 and piston 4, install get stuck 11, fixed support 10, first pulley 6 and the second pulley 7, connect with bracing wire 8 and fixingly on plumbous cone 9 and scale get stuck 11, first make plumbous cone 9 and floating block 2 be in a fixed position;
(4) under the effect of negative pressure, underground water enters water-permeable pipe 1 by permeability hole 13, that removes floating block 2 and plumbous cone 9 is fixing, floating block 2 moves freely and is in floating state, after underground water table 12 in water-permeable pipe 1 and negative pressure state are stablized, the buoyancy of floating block 2, the gravity of plumbous cone 9 and atmospheric pressure three will be in an equilibrium state, be read the initial reading of scale 3 by the graticule of fixed support 10
h 0 .
(5) outside workspace, determine absolute altitude reference point, utilize spirit-leveling instrument to measure the initial absolute altitude of water-permeable pipe upper port
h z0 ; According to the initial absolute altitude of water-permeable pipe upper port
h z0 , length of the scale
hand graticule place initial reading calculates initial underground water table
h 0 =
h z0 +
h 0 -h;
(6) in vacuum, floating block 2 can fluctuate along with the change of underground water table, thus drives floating of scale 3, and each measurement reads support bracket fastened graticule place reading
h i and the elevation of water-permeable pipe upper end
h zi , i is positive integer, according to the requirement of survey frequency, repeats step (4), (5) just can obtain the real-time change value of underground water table 12 under condition of negative pressure.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.