CN104446717B - A kind of intensive production method of organic substrate - Google Patents
A kind of intensive production method of organic substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104446717B CN104446717B CN201410659067.6A CN201410659067A CN104446717B CN 104446717 B CN104446717 B CN 104446717B CN 201410659067 A CN201410659067 A CN 201410659067A CN 104446717 B CN104446717 B CN 104446717B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of intensive production method of organic substrate, comprise the following steps：The apolegamy of raw material and pre-treatment step, fermentation step, drying steps, exhaust gas polishing steps, the resource occupation such as fermenting speed is fast, production efficiency is high, technique is advanced, good product quality, work takes less, production cost is low, soil, hydro-thermal are few, environmental protection, small investment, high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intensive production method of organic substrate.
Background technology
Organic substrate refer to organic matter be process containing various nutritional ingredients, physicochemical character is good, can be to make
Thing provides the agricultural soilless culture of suitable growth environmental condition, nursery material.Soilless culture, seedling raising environment condition are controllable, nutrient
Absorption rate is high, good quality of product, is the major way of following horticultural production.Presently used matrix, mainly turf, leech
The non-renewable natural resources such as stone, perlite, cost is high, and nutrient is few, can neither put into organic agriculture, it is also difficult to carry out large area
Agricultural production.Need badly it is a kind of it is renewable, plant growth needs, cheap New-type matrix material can be met.
Research is found：Industrial or agricultural organic waste is nutritious comprehensively, and scientific disposal, which is fully able to produce, to be adapted to without soil
The organic substrate of cultivation.China is large agricultural country, and processing of farm products big country, industrial or agricultural organic waste substantial amounts.Such as
Modern utilization rate is very low, and some also creates the pollution of environment, and it will be a huge resource wealth to be such as subject to rationally to utilize.
If being processed into excellent organic substrate again is used for fruit and vegetable, flowers non-soil culture, cultivation production, or even organic farm products life
Production, prospect are even more wide.
Current organic fertilizer production technology relative maturity, and matrix research not yet reaches the practical stage, to base Quality Research
Upper (shy moral of Wang etc., 2001) is selected in the comparison for only resting on various matrix.Few organic substrate produces and processes still in reality
It is bar pile static fermentation mode, generally existing fermentation time is long, nutrient loss is more, labor intensity is big, low production efficiency, product matter
It is poor to measure stability, in addition with the problem of land seizure is excessive, production season is strong, air ambient pollutes, limited production energy
Power, too high cost, the uncertainty of relatively low nutrition and quality limit the development of extensive nursery and soilless culture.It is organic
Matrix production is badly in need of one kind and makes full use of industrial or agricultural organic waste, and the utilization of resources and environmental protection are organically blended, produce energy
Power is strong, and product cost is low, the measured new method for producing of matter.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided a kind of fermenting speed is fast, production efficiency is high, technique is first
Enter, good product quality, the few organic substrate intensive manufacture of resource occupation such as work takes less, production cost is low, soil, hydro-thermal
Method, environmental protection, small investment, high efficiency.
To solve the above problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme：A kind of intensive production method of organic substrate, bag
Include following steps：The apolegamy of raw material and pre-treatment step, fermentation step, drying steps, exhaust gas polishing steps.
The fermentation step includes hot fermentation step, and the hot fermentation step is：
Temperature is strict controlled in 55-60 DEG C, humidity 55-65%, passes through heat and moisture preserving, pressure oxygen supply and high-effective microorganism
Using raw material Rapid Fermentation is made, high-effective microorganism is the one or more in ferment bacterium, EM bacterium, the rotten agent of rush；
Every other day use the unidirectional turning of chain-plate type turning machine once, 4 meters of reach in the same direction, is supplemented newly after vacating space every time
Raw material, form the fermentation streamline of endfeed other end discharging.Each turning puts down pond face bamboo rake after terminating, with clinker or deep trouth
Wait that producing material fermentation material surface in pond covers 10 ㎝ protective layers in end；Not turning day is fermentation vat oxygenation, each half an hour, wind
Fast 0.1-0.2m3∕min·m3, during which, divulged information at any time when temperature is higher than 65 DEG C in pond, or relative oxygen content is less than 15%, treat temperature
Degree stops ventilation when being more than 20% less than 50 DEG C or oxygen content, moisturizing is wanted when moisture content is less than 50% in fermentation process to more than 55%,
Mechanical turning 3-4 times, ferment 10-12 days；
Main fermentation technique index：C ∕ N ＜ 70；Water content：Charging zone 60-65%, later 50-60%；Maximum temperature is not high
In 65 DEG C；With respect to oxygen content 15-20%；PH value 6.5-8.5；Mechanical turning interval time is not more than 60 hours；
Hot fermentation terminates, and material enters storage silo through Transmission system.
The fermentation step also uses step including function bacterium, and the function bacterium is using step：
After promoting rotten bacterium use, the once new microbial inoculum of addition in 20-30 days is spaced with what semi-mature material covered, in hot fermentation knot
Beam, semi-finished product are sent into before storage silo, and the function bacteriums such as rhizobium, azotobacter, dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium are illustratively activated, expanded
Add in semi-finished product base starting material after numerous, dilution, mixed thoroughly microbial inoculum and raw material by conveying, only need to be by half in later 20-30 days
The finished product matrix of 5% or so of finished product material volume is returned and admixed, the step for repetition after 20-30 days with new strain.
The fermentation step also includes mesophilic digestion step, and the mesophilic digestion step is：Temperature control at 25-40 DEG C,
Humidity 40-50%, 20-30 days time, further resolution process is done to difficult decomposed substance by biting warm microorganism；In mesophilic digestion
The beneficial microbes such as stage addition rhizobium, azotobacter, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, molten potassium bacterium, ventilation oxygen supply, ventilation 0.05-
0.1m3/min·m3, divulge information 7-10 days interval time, by 20-40 days fermentation ends；
The appearance index of decomposed matrix is：Outward appearance crineous, odorless tart flavour, without large-scale（The ㎝ of ＞ 5）Raw material, big-and-middle little particle
Uniformly, material temperature is close to room temperature.
The apolegamy of the raw material and pre-treatment step are：
Raw material is divided into by basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material, basic material according to the property feature of material
Select the one or more in mushroom slag, vinasse, fecula；Auxiliary material selection sawdust, crop material, branch bits in one kind or
It is several；The selection of trophic function material meets high-quality fowl and animal excrement, fertilizers, acid-base modifier, the microbial inoculum composition of agricultural standards；
The volume ratio of basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material three is 5-6:2-4:2-3.
The basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material carry out mixture in proportion, and main and auxiliary material mixture can pass through
Cubing calculating, machine load the progress such as hopper calculatings, dispensing equipment, are finally sent into fermentation vat, promote rotten microbial inoculum, modifying agent etc. with
Fertilizer is sent into fermentation vat after stirring pool is mixed thoroughly.
The specific proportioning of the basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material is according to basic material and trial product
Testing result, control target crop require that the physical and chemical index of organic substrate finally determines, physical and chemical index includes total nutrient content, a large amount of
The big change such as element ratio, porosity, acid-base value, electrical conductivity, each basic material source, composition, quality will be carried out once
Detection, proportioning is adjusted in time if necessary.
The drying steps are：Realized by stronger ventilation amount, by the ventilating spaces of 3-5 times, make water content of substrate
Storehouse is sealed after being down to 20% to save backup, and produces organic substrate of the present invention.
The main physical and chemical index of organic substrate is：Organic matter >=30%, water content≤20%, pH value 6-7.5, total nutrient content ＞
6%, sanitary index, heavy metal and phenol acids harmful substance are in limit standard.
The storage silo includes warehouse, and the top both sides of warehouse are respectively equipped with air-out passage, and the top of warehouse is provided with charging
Passage, the bottom of warehouse are provided with gas passage, and gas passage pierces into warehouse and forms vertical breather pipe, warehouse to extension at the top of warehouse
Bottom be provided with maintenance tapping channel, the inside of warehouse is provided with air drain, and air drain communicates with vertical breather pipe, the inside of warehouse
Provided with air-permeable layer.
Advantage of the present invention is shown as：
1st, fermenting speed is fast, and production efficiency is high.The utilization and good fermentation condition for promoting rotten microorganism cause fermentation efficiency
Greatly improve, the hot fermentation cycle only has 10 days or so, and whole process about needs 30 days, when shortening more than half than the normal fermentation phase
Between.The Zymolysis Equipment of same volume, production capacity are enhanced about more than once.The use in heliogreenhouse workshop and the insulation of fermentation vat are arranged
Apply and preferably solve the problems, such as the limitation or unfermentable of spring autumn and winter, realize whole year production year-round supply, place, storehouse, set
It is standby to make full use of, more than 2 times of annual production capacity and then raising, realize intensive manufacture.
2nd, technique is advanced, good product quality.With optimal warm, wet, oxygen environment conditional regulatory microorganism zymotechnique, both carried
High fermenting speed, also improve the quality of fermentation.1. fully decomposed, nutrient foot.Covering and fermentation plant in hot fermentation pond
Waste gas recovery reduces fermentation process nitrogen loss more than 80%, and nitrogen content improves 10-30%；The oxygen supply and high temperature of abundance,
The suitable temperature of medium temperature two benches, moisture make it that fermentation is more thorough, and available nutrient release and conversion are more abundant.2. particle is kept
It is good.Less turning and chain-plate type turning machine, the use of chain type screw conveyer tool alleviate extruding of the fermentation process to raw material
Friction, maintains the intact of matrix granule, can improve the aeration porosity 5-10% of matrix.3. quality stability is good.Dan Cangnai
To batch homogeney be easy to chemical examination detect, for batch between the adjustment of dispensing provide foundation, also be orientation production dedicated substrate
Bring facility.Streamline, the production of scale and good temperature, gas and water, fertilizer control, are avoided between batch, finished product between season
The difference of the rotten degree of matrix, composition etc..4. beneficial microbe colony protection is good.Added after hot fermentation solid
Nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing potassium microorganism, had both avoided the inactivation of high temperature, and further through middle thermophase expanding propagation, matrix preserves also highly advantageous bacterium
The survival fallen.Quantity of useful microbe foot, quality are good when matrix uses.
3rd, the resource occupation such as soil, hydro-thermal is few.The construction in solid storing storehouse has subtracted after-ripening, has dried land used, improves list
The storage capacity of plane product；Deep trouth and " two-phase method " are fermented, and the inline process being association of activity and inertia shortens the process of fermentation,
The fermenter productivity of unit area is greatly improved, greatly reduces the requirement to land area.The utilization of heliogreenhouse, it is
Fermentation creates good hot and humid environment, and once plus water can solve the use water of whole fermentation process, solar energy, fermentation fever
Deng also having obtained sufficient protection and utilization, whole production process heats without aiding in, realize soil, hydrothermal resources it is efficient
Utilize.Half can be saved with normal fermentation land area, electric power more than 60% is saved compared with being fermented with mechanization.
4th, work takes few, and production cost is low.Recruitment, which is reduced, compared with traditional approach mainly passes through three approach：1. pass
The use of the novel mechanicals such as defeated, turning, ventilation；2. turning oxygenation is combined with ventilation oxygenation, reduce turning number；3. save
Independent after-ripening and dry consumption of the link to work.Production cost is reduced except the reduction of labor cost, is most importantly
The saving of resource occupation cost, such as soil, water, electricity, heat；The improvement of technique, carrier loader, dehydration equipment, deodorization equipment
Cancel and also save a very big block cost for production.Reduced by more than 50 with other converted products of homogenous quantities than cost.
5th, environmental protection is good, without air pollution.The production and transmission of closing, solves the dirt that bulk cargo drops with dust
Dye, ground environment are well kept；Hot fermentation workshop is connected with storage silo by ventilating system, makes ventilation with changing
Gas, fertilizer conservation are combined with deodorization, control volatility nutrient（Mainly ammonia）Loss, improve fermentation plant environmental quality；
Distributed using the good dispersiveness of matrix and the defense controls muck of water and fermentation process foul smell, realize gas row up to standard
Put.
6th, counter investment is few, and comparative effectiveness is high.Fermented relative to equipment fermentation and common fermentation pond, identical production capacity
Infrastructure investment（Such as equipment, capital construction）Less than half.Utilization rate of equipment and installations, production efficiency improve, and product quality is excellent, input-output ratio is high
And raw materials for production are gathered materials on the spot, the raw material turned waste into wealth assembles the Comparative economic benefits of the formation such as design and also left very for operation
Big benefit space.
Technical scheme is described further with reference to embodiment.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of storage silo in the embodiment of the present invention；
Accompanying drawing 2 is the cross section structure diagram of storage silo in accompanying drawing 1.
In figure：1- feeding-passages；2- gas passages；3- air-out passages；4- Multifunctional perforateds；The vertical breather pipes of 5-；6- is overhauled
Tapping channel；7- air drains；8- air-permeable layers.
Embodiment
A kind of embodiment, intensive production method of organic substrate, comprises the following steps：
1st, addressing is founded the factory.Industrial or agricultural organic waste production Relatively centralized regional or near, select traffic convenience, water
Small towns, the community that the Protectorate cultivations such as source is sufficient, the outskirts of a town of electrical power stabilization or vegetables, flowers, melon and fruit are concentrated found the factory.Factory site determines
Position and the quantity of fermentation vat are determined afterwards, according to the position of fermentation vat and production capacity, determine raw material place and Multifunctional bunker
Position and scale, then determine conveying machinery, air-supply machinery, turning machinery, Mixing Machine, and de- bag, broken, screening etc.
The type of pre-processing device, power etc..
Production district is laid out.Five parts are divided into whole production：1. raw material area.For collecting, laying in raw material.2. raw material
Pretreating zone.For processing raw material.3. fermentation zone.Mainly fermentation plant and deep groove fermentation pond, fermentation vat is divided into again
Charging zone（4 meters of charge end）, hot fermentation area, discharge zone（4 meters of discharge end）.4. after-ripening, dehydration, warehouse district.5. processing and packing
Area.
On the basis of each functional area planning layout is completed, deep groove fermentation pond, storage silo, heliogreenhouse construction are carried out.Hair
Ferment pond can be made on the ground or semi-underground open type connects wall row pond, and discharge end is open, and pond row is true according to designed productive capacity
It is fixed.Storage silo can build up round or square type according to place, and size, quantity determine according to production capacity, there is life in more than three months
The storage capacity of yield.Heliogreenhouse fermentation plant is that heliogreenhouse is melted to the design for together with fermentation plant.With general temperature
1. framework material will do preservative treatment unlike room；2. height, span will meet the needs of fermentation vat construction and production；3. room
Top installation jet desk fan, about every 100 ㎡ greenhouse areas install one, and greenhouse side installation exhausting window, small greenhouse peace is unilateral, greatly
Both sides are pacified in greenhouse, and window connects air blower and discharged after Multifunctional bunker filtering deodorization.4. various materials will have more preferable weatherability.
On the basis of civil engineering completion, pipe laying, transmission equipment installation, ventilation equipment installation, turning device peace are carried out
Dress, mixing plant installation, screening plant installation etc..
1st, the apolegamy and pretreatment of raw material：
Raw material is divided into by basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material according to the property feature of material.Basic material
Selected amount is easy to get greatly, supplies stable, cheap 1-2 kind materials, such as the one or more in mushroom slag, vinasse, fecula；It is auxiliary
The shortcomings that helping material to be directed to basic material, supply, the exsertile industrial or agricultural organic waste of ameliorative can be stablized from locality, such as
Sawdust, crop material, branch bits etc., select 1-2 kinds composition；Trophic function material selects the high-quality manure of livestock and poultry for meeting agricultural standards
Just, fertilizers, acid-base modifier, microbial inoculum composition.The volume ratio of basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material three is
5-6:2-4:2-3。
Main and auxiliary material carries out mixture in proportion, and main and auxiliary material mixture can load hopper meter by cubing calculating, machine
Calculation, dispensing equipment etc. are carried out, and last communicated device is sent into fermentation vat, promotees rotten microbial inoculum, modifying agent etc. and is mixed with fertilizer in stirring pool
After even fermentation vat is sent into through water system.
Basic material protrudes quantity, auxiliary material outstanding properties, and nutrient material protrudes nutrient, the specific proportioning of three groups of materials
According to the testing result of basic material and trial product, control target crop requires the physical and chemical index of organic substrate（Total nutrient content,
A great number of elements ratio, porosity, acid-base value, electrical conductivity etc.）It is final to determine.The big changes such as each basic material source, composition, quality
Change will carry out one-time detection, and proportioning is adjusted in time if necessary.
Using industrial or agricultural organic waste as primary raw material, solve regeneration and the Cost Problems of raw material；Raw material is formed
Carry out functional category, highlight the leading positioning of industrial or agricultural organic waste basic material, be easy to other raw materials apolegamy and
The replacement of homogeneous material, also it specify that direction for substrate products market and production and application positioning.
3rd, fermentation step：
" two-phase method " intensive zymotechnique.According to the requirement to water, air and heat, it is quick with that fermentation process is divided into high temperature
In warm two stages at a slow speed, hot fermentation and mesophilic digestion is set to carry out respectively.
（1）Hot fermentation：Carried out in deep groove fermentation pond, temperature is strict controlled in 55-60 DEG C, humidity 55-65%, passes through
Heat and moisture preserving, oxygen supply and the utilization of high-effective microorganism is forced to make raw material Rapid Fermentation, high-effective microorganism is ferment bacterium, EM bacterium, promoted
One or more in rotten agent；
Main fermentation technique index：C ∕ N ＜ 70；Water content, charging zone 60-65%, later 50-60%；Maximum temperature is not high
In 65 DEG C；With respect to oxygen content 15-20%；PH value 6.5-8.5；Mechanical turning interval time is not more than 60 hours.
Every other day use the unidirectional turning of chain-plate type turning machine once, 4 meters of reach in the same direction, is supplemented newly after vacating space every time
Raw material, form the fermentation streamline of endfeed other end discharging.Each turning puts down pond face bamboo rake after terminating, with clinker or deep trouth
Wait that producing material fermentation material surface in pond covers 10 ㎝ protective layers in end.The daily air blower of not turning or air compressor pass through pond
Bottom ventilation duct（Ditch）For fermentation vat oxygenation, each half an hour, wind speed 0.1-0.2m3∕min·m3.Period, when temperature is higher than in pond
65 DEG C, or divulge information at any time when relative oxygen content is less than 15%, stop ventilation less than 50 DEG C or when oxygen content is more than 20% when temperature.It is logical
Wind mode can use temperature or oxygen feedback device to automatically adjust.Moisturizing is wanted to 55% when moisture content is less than 50% in fermentation process
More than.Mechanical turning 3-4 times, ferment 10-12 days.
Hot fermentation terminates, and material enters storage silo through Transmission system.
（2）Function bacterium uses step：After promoting rotten bacterium use, use（Half）Clinker covering is spaced addition in 20-30 days once
New microbial inoculum.Before hot fermentation terminates, semi-finished product are sent into storage silo, by work(such as rhizobium, azotobacter, dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium
Can bacterium illustratively activate, expand numerous, dilution after add in semi-finished product base starting material, microbial inoculum and raw material mixed thoroughly by conveying.After
, only need to be by a small quantity in 20-30 days（5% or so of semi-finished product material volume）Finished product matrix is returned and admixed.With new after 20-30 days
Strain repeat the step for.
（3）Mesophilic digestion:Static in storage silo to carry out, temperature control is at 25-40 DEG C, humidity 40-50%, time 20-30
My god, further resolution process is done to difficult decomposed substance by biting warm microorganism；Rhizobium, spontaneous solid are added in the mesophilic digestion stage
The beneficial microbes such as nitrogen bacterium, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, molten potassium bacterium, it is that good rhizosphere microorganism ecological environment is created in plant growth in future, and
Lasting available nutrient is provided, small-sized storehouse supplies oxygen by natural permeable, and large-scale storehouse supplies oxygen by ventilation, ventilation 0.05-0.1m3/
min·m3, divulge information 7-10 days interval time, by 20-40 days fermentation ends.
The appearance index of decomposed matrix is：Outward appearance crineous, odorless tart flavour, without large-scale（The ㎝ of ＞ 5）Raw material, big-and-middle little particle
Uniformly, material temperature is close to room temperature.
Temperature, humidity, oxygen are the essential condition of fermentation, and the strain of different phase requires different.High medium temperature is sent out
Ferment process is separately carried out, by temperature, humidity, the high temperature fermentation stage collection that oxygen requirements are high, nutrient volatilization is heavy, volume of material is huge
In carried out in greenhouse deep groove fermentation pond, oxygen demand is small, humidity temperature requires low, small volume, the medium temperature of duration length
Stage is placed in storage silo and carried out, and it is wet to be easy to targetedly to regulate and control oxygen heat, keeps two classes to greatest extent（Bite heat, bite temperature）It is micro-
The activity of biology, improve fermentation efficiency.The mesophilic digestion stage be it also avoid to space, the waste of resource.
Oxygen supply deficiency is an important factor for influenceing fermentation efficiency, and turning oxygenation and ventilation aeration oxygenation are used in combination, protected
Hinder a large amount of consumption of the fermentation to oxygen, overcome the problem of single mechanical turning is taken a lot of work, power-consuming and aerated fermentation is uneven, both
Fermentation costs are reduced, material particles is alleviated and crushes, create good Oxygen Condition again for aerobic fermentation.
4th, drying steps：
Mainly realized by stronger ventilation amount.By the ventilating spaces of 3-5 times, water content of substrate is set to be sealed after being down to 20%
Storehouse saves backup, and produces organic substrate of the present invention.
The main physical and chemical index of organic substrate is：Organic matter >=30%, water content≤20%, pH value 6-7.5, total nutrient content ＞
6%, sanitary index, heavy metal and phenol acids harmful substance are in limit standard.
5th, exhaust gas polishing steps：
Mainly to the processing of the waste gas such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide caused by hot fermentation and fowl and animal excrement use.By logical
Waste gas is discharged into storage silo ventilating system by wind ventilation, then is discharged into air by clinker adsorption filtration, tail gas.Exhaust-gas treatment can be with
Temperature fermentation, which combines, to be carried out, and can also be completed individually or with the wet combination of storing benefit.
After-ripening turning traditional zymotic, dry, be put in storage storage, and be deodorized, purify, puddling integrated solution, reducing
Matrix processing link, improves mesophilic digestion condition, has ensured the rotten degree and homogeneity of matrix, have compressed production cost.
6th, quality surveillance and detection.1. carrying out raw material detection, per the detection of batch raw material once, it is every that same raw material is used continuously
Month detection once, predominantly detects its C/N, pH value, heavy metal, essential nutrient contents, for raw material mixture and quality check on offer according to
According to.2. semi-finished product（Material after hot fermentation）Detection and process control.Semi-finished product detect weekly once（The discharging of debugging stage is
Inspection）, predominantly detect pH value, CE values, moisture content, harmful bacteria inactivation ratio, rotten degree etc., during temperature, moisture, oxygen content etc. with
When detect, fermentation parameter is adjusted according to testing result at any time.3. finished product detection.Using feed bin as unit batch, batch batch detection, detection
Project includes：The full K contents of unit weight, porosity, pH value, CE values, CEC values, the content of organic matter, the full P of full N, fast N speed P speed K contents,
Content of beary metal, beneficial clump count, sanitary index etc., purposes direction are adjusted and formulated for final finished product mixture foundation is provided.
7th, main mechanical particular/special requirement.1. raw material chopper selects slice type pulverizer.2. small-scale production ships
30 or 50 type loading machines can be used with raw material is assembled.3. turning machine is selected with the chain-plate type turning machine for turning over throwing function.4. enter
Using pipeline, running water pipe will add check-valves for the running water of fermentation vat and fertilizer combined sewage.5. ventilating machinary is selected
Air blower or air compressor.6. conveying machinery selects FU chain conveyings, shaftless screw conveying, has the equipment such as axle helical feed.
6. discharging charging is gathered materials machine from Pneumatic type bulk cargo.
With 10,000 tons（40000m3）Exemplified by the organic legume vegetable dedicated substrate intensive manufacture of mushroom residue：
1st, addressing is founded the factory.The regional of batch production Mushroom production Relatively centralized or near, select traffic convenience, water source to fill
Found the factory in the small towns that foot, the outskirts of a town of electrical power stabilization or nursery, flowers, vegetables, melon and fruit, Protectorate cultivation are concentrated.To be balanced per day work
Measure, six design-build clear length 16-20 rice, 8 meters of width, depth 2 meter company's wall fermentation vats.According to landform design-build column type
Or cube 10000m3The storage silo and storehouse of left and right（The silo roof for not building storehouse builds rain shade）, build wide 60 meters, long 30 meters, high
The greenhouse workshop of 3.5-4.0 rice, builds not less than 30m3Stirring pool one, stock ground are not less than 2000 ㎡.
Deep groove fermentation pond is built.It can be made on the ground or semi-underground open type connect wall row pond, discharge end is open, wall thickness 38
㎝, brick mix structure, the superiors are built by the requirement of turning machine track laying.Abutment wall thickness 38-50 ㎝, wall do thermal insulation processing outside, remaining
Wall cement polishes.Bottom of pond thickness 12-15 ㎝, laterally every the thick porous breather pipe in half meter of dark cloth 5-10 ㎝ footpath, or transverse direction every
0.5-1.0m sets longitudinal air drain of a 30-50 ㎝（Feeding end and each 4 meters of discharge end can not be laid）, sewer pipe is all connected with gas transmission master
Manage, sewer pipe upper berth lid 5-10cm rigid, gas permeable layer, preservative treatment is done using bamboo and wood materials with tung oil in groove.
Storage silo construction.Bulkhead is ventilative good brick mix structure, and storehouse height is more than 4 meters, every 4 meters plus a reinforced concrete pedosphere
Beam, different height reserves some detection thief holes around bulkhead, and footing facilitates position to reserve entrance.Bottom land builds air drain or cloth leads to
Tracheae, lid shutter grate or bamboo raft on air drain, thereon with thin bamboo（Row）, thick and stiff stalk or modeling net laying 5-10 ㎝ ventilative clump.Storehouse is high
More than 4 meters, at storehouse center vertical one（Large span storehouse Li Duogen）Diameter 10-20 ㎝ porous breather pipe, 2-3 highly high less than storehouse
Rice.Silo roof builds same silo.
Heliogreenhouse fermentation plant construction.Fermentation vat builds heliogreenhouse after building up, method is the same as common heliogreenhouse.Skeleton
Preservative treatment is done with ferrous material.Fermentation vat periphery will reserve the passage of 2-3 rice in workshop, and height, span will meet to send out
Ferment pond is built and the needs of production；2-4 row is installed in the laterally homogeneous installation 12-16 jet desk fan of two rows of ceiling, greenhouse side
Transom window, window connect Multifunctional bunker through air blower, ventilation shaft.
2nd, raw material apolegamy and pretreatment.Basic material is various for major mushroom manufacturer（Such as flat mushroom, mushroom, gold
Pin mushroom etc.）Mushroom slag（Bacteria stick）, auxiliary material is high absorption, the high-carbon material of replacement ability（Such as sawdust, stalk, chaff bits）, nutrient
The convenient chicken manure of material selection economy, pig manure, cottonseed cake, sesame residues etc..5-6 by volume is formed according to mushroom slag raw material:2-
4:2-3 ratio assembles.Mushroom residue material carries out de- bag and crushed first.The mushroom slag to dispatch from the factory（It is long placed in the vexed profit that to sprinkle water of hardening）Will dress
Thing is wrapped up in remove（De- bag machine takes off bag or sorted out after manually wrap film is scratched）, with agri-vehicle rolloff or crusher in crushing, cross 3 ㎝
Aperture sieve；Corn stalk, cigarette straw, cotton stalk, ramulus mori etc. are cut into the chip of 3-5 ㎜ thickness, 1-3 ㎝ length, sawdust, wood with cutting type pulverizer
Bits sieve（Pick）Go out wherein batten, wooden unit.Above-mentioned material is sent into fermentation vat charging zone after mixture through induction system in proportion.Manure of livestock and poultry
Fertilizer, which adds, soaks 3-4 hours in stirring pool（Fresh excrement need not soak）, add the EM bacteria agent for having activated processing, as needed by phosphorus potassium ore deposit
Powder, water-loss reducer, adsorbent, pH value conditioning agent etc. are added in stirring pool, are stirred to scattered paste shape, defeated through water-supply-pipe with sewage submersible pump
Enter fermentation vat.Successively it is alternately added with materials such as mushroom slags when entering pond, bottom and the superiors are the materials such as mushroom slag, every layer of 30-50 ㎝.
3rd, hot fermentation.Fermented material relative water content is adjusted to 60-65%（It can be pasted by muck by amount of calculation and once added
Foot）, every other day use the unidirectional turning of chain-plate type turning machine once afterwards, 4 meters of reach, adds new original every time after vacating space
Material, each turning put down pond face bamboo rake after terminating, and 10 ㎝ protective layers are covered in pool surface when producing material（Also can be coated to booth thermal insulation
Lid）.The daily air blower of not turning or air compressor pass through bottom of pond ventilation duct（Ditch）For fermentation vat oxygenation, each half an hour, wind
Fast 0.1-0.2m3∕min·m3.Divulged information at any time when temperature is higher than 65 DEG C in pond, or relative oxygen content is less than 15%, treat that temperature is low
Stop ventilation when 50 DEG C or oxygen content are more than 20%.Draft type can use temperature or oxygen feedback device to automatically adjust.Hair
Moisturizing is to 55% when moisture content is less than 50% during ferment.Mechanical turning 3-4 times, it is detained 10-12 days in canopy, temperature drops to 45 DEG C
Left and right, hot fermentation terminate, and material enters storage silo through Transmission system.
4th, mesophilic digestion.Carried out in storage silo.Moisture control leans on nature in 40-50%, 25-40 DEG C of temperature, small-sized storehouse
Ventilative oxygen supply, large-scale storehouse supply oxygen by ventilation, ventilation 0.05-0.1m3/min·m3, divulge information 7-10 days interval time, pass through
20-40 days（Winter is grown）Fermentation ends.
5th, dry.Mainly realized by stronger ventilation amount.By the ventilating spaces of 3-5 times, it is down to water content of substrate
Storehouse is sealed after 20% and saves backup or directly transport input cultivation production.Particular utility needs the input job shop being processed further.
During long-term preservation matrix overdrying（＜ 15%）, can combining with fermentation workshop ventilation ventilation to storage silo mend it is wet.
6th, exhaust-gas treatment.Mainly to the waste gas such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide caused by hot fermentation and fowl and animal excrement use
Processing.Waste gas is discharged into by storage silo ventilating system by ventilation, then air is discharged into by clinker adsorption filtration tail gas.Waste gas
Processing can be combined progress with mesophilic digestion, also can mend wet combination completion individually or with storing.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, storage silo includes warehouse 9, and the top both sides of warehouse 9 are respectively equipped with air-out passage 3,
The top of warehouse 9 is provided with feeding-passage 1, and the bottom of warehouse 9 is provided with gas passage 2, and gas passage 2 pierces into warehouse 9 and pushed up to warehouse 9
Portion extends to form vertical breather pipe 5, and the bottom of warehouse 9 is provided with maintenance tapping channel 6, and the inside of warehouse 9 is provided with air drain 7, leads to
Channeling 7 communicates with vertical breather pipe 5, and the inside of warehouse 9 is provided with air-permeable layer 8.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. intensive production method of organic substrate, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：The apolegamy and pretreatment of raw material Step, fermentation step, drying steps, exhaust gas polishing steps；The fermentation step includes hot fermentation step, and the hot fermentation step is：Temperature is strict controlled in 55-60 DEG C, humidity 55-65%, by heat and moisture preserving, forces oxygen supply and the utilization of high-effective microorganism Make raw material Rapid Fermentation, high-effective microorganism is the one or more in ferment bacterium, EM bacterium, the rotten agent of rush；Every other day with the unidirectional turning of chain-plate type turning machine once, 4 meters of reach in the same direction every time, supplements new original after vacating space Material, the fermentation streamline of endfeed other end discharging is formed, each turning puts down pond face bamboo rake after terminating, with clinker or deep trouth end Hold and wait that producing material fermentation material surface in pond covers 10 ㎝ protective layers；Not turning day is fermentation vat oxygenation, each half an hour, wind speed 0.1-0.2m3∕min·m3, during which, divulged information at any time when temperature is higher than 65 DEG C in pond, or relative oxygen content is less than 15%, treat temperature Stop ventilation when less than 50 DEG C or oxygen content is more than 20%, moisturizing is wanted when moisture content is less than 50% in fermentation process to more than 55%, machine Tool turning 3-4 times, ferment 10-12 days；Main fermentation technique index：C ∕ N ＜ 70；Water content：Charging zone 60-65%, later 50-60%；Maximum temperature is not higher than 65 ℃；With respect to oxygen content 15-20%；PH value 6.5-8.5；Mechanical turning interval time is not more than 60 hours；Hot fermentation terminates, and material enters storage silo through Transmission system；The fermentation step also includes mesophilic digestion step, and the mesophilic digestion step is：Temperature control is at 25-40 DEG C, humidity 40-50%, 20-30 days time, further resolution process is done to difficult decomposed substance by biting warm microorganism；In the mesophilic digestion stage Add rhizobium, azotobacter, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, molten potassium bacterium, ventilation oxygen supply, ventilation 0.05-0.1m3/min·m3, ventilation cell Every 7-10 days time, by 20-40 days fermentation ends；The appearance index of decomposed matrix is：Outward appearance crineous, odorless tart flavour, without large-scale raw material, big-and-middle little particle is uniform, and material temperature connects Nearly room temperature；The apolegamy of the raw material and pre-treatment step are：Raw material is divided into by basic material, auxiliary material and trophic function material, basic material selection according to the property feature of material One or more in mushroom slag, vinasse, fecula；One kind or several in auxiliary material selection sawdust, crop material, branch bits Kind；The selection of trophic function material meets high-quality fowl and animal excrement, fertilizers, acid-base modifier, the microbial inoculum composition of agricultural standards；Base The volume ratio of plinth material, auxiliary material and trophic function material three is 5-6:2-4:2-3.
- A kind of 2. intensive production method of organic substrate as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fermentation step is also Step is used including function bacterium, the function bacterium is using step：After promoting rotten bacterium use, covering is made in the covering of fermentation vat semi-mature material, the once new microbial inoculum of addition in 20-30 days is spaced, in high temperature Fermentation ends, semi-finished product are sent into before storage silo, by rhizobium, azotobacter, dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium illustratively activate, expand it is numerous, Add in semi-finished product base starting material after dilution, mixed thoroughly microbial inoculum and raw material by conveying, in later 20-30 days, only need to will partly into 5% or so finished product matrix of product material volume is returned and admixed, the step for repetition after 20-30 days with new strain.
- A kind of 3. intensive production method of organic substrate as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The basic material, Auxiliary material and trophic function material carry out mixture in proportion, and main and auxiliary material mixture loads hopper by cubing calculating, machine Calculate, dispensing equipment progress, be finally sent into fermentation vat, promote rotten microbial inoculum, modifying agent and fertilizer and fermentation is sent into after stirring pool is mixed thoroughly Pond.
- A kind of 4. intensive production method of organic substrate as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：The basic material, Auxiliary material and the specific proportioning of trophic function material compare target crop according to the testing result of basic material and trial product It is required that the physical and chemical index of organic substrate finally determines, physical and chemical index include total nutrient content, a great number of elements ratio, porosity, acid-base value, Electrical conductivity, each basic material source, composition, quality have big change to carry out one-time detection, if necessary in time to proportioning Adjust.
- A kind of 5. intensive production method of organic substrate as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The drying steps For：Realized by stronger ventilation amount, by the ventilating spaces of 3-5 times, water content of substrate is sealed storehouse preservation after being down to 20% standby With producing organic substrate.
- A kind of 6. intensive production method of organic substrate as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Organic substrate it is main Physical and chemical index is：Organic matter >=30%, water content≤20%, pH value 6-7.5, total nutrient content ＞ 6%, sanitary index, heavy metal and benzene Phenolic acid class harmful substance is in limit standard.
- A kind of 7. intensive production method of organic substrate as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The storage silo includes Warehouse（9）, warehouse（9）Top both sides be respectively equipped with air-out passage（3）, warehouse（9）Top be provided with feeding-passage（1）, storehouse Body（9）Bottom be provided with gas passage（2）, gas passage（2）Pierce into warehouse（9）To warehouse（9）Top extends to form vertical lead to Tracheae（5）, warehouse（9）Bottom be provided with maintenance tapping channel（6）, warehouse（9）Inside be provided with air drain（7）, air drain（7） With vertical breather pipe（5）Communicate, warehouse（9）Inside be provided with air-permeable layer（8）.
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| CN105900816A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-08-31 | 胡卫江 | Device capable of continuously producing ecological nutrition medium |
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| CN107056357A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-18 | 北京首创污泥处置技术股份有限公司 | Aerobic fermentation equipment |
| CN107691169A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-02-16 | 竹溪三元米业有限公司 | A kind of Mobyneb crops nursery biomass nutrient Bowls preparation method |
| CN107892592A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-10 | 上海海和实业有限公司 | A kind of reclaiming organic waste handling process |
| CN109588259A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-09 | 江苏丰收大地种业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-quality organic seedling raising matrix production technology |
| CN112889581A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-04 | 安徽众兴菌业科技有限公司 | Covering soil for cultivating agaricus bisporus and preparation method thereof |
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