Method on surface heat-resistant part being fixed on the parts being exposed to heat
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for heat-resistant part is fixed on be exposed to heat parts (heat exposed component) surface on method, its by utilize molten solder (molten solder) by the soldering at least partially (brazing) on the surface of the heat-resistant part limited by peripheral edge (peripheral boundary edge) be exposed to heat parts surface on.
Background technology
Owing to controlling the limited ability of its microstructure from process parameter and being suitable for the selection of minimizing of material of hot plasma spray, current thermal boundary coating (TBC) may reach its application limitations in highly advanced internal combustion turbine.A kind of mode overcoming these restrictions leaves thermal boundary coating and replaces it with so-called ceramic tile, different tightening technologies can be utilized to be fixed on by ceramic tile and be exposed on the surface of the parts of heat.
File US 7,198,860 B2 discloses a kind of for the ceramic tile isolation part of gas turbine component being exposed to the ceramic tile on the surface of heat being linked to gas turbine component in a large number.The first layer of independent ceramic tile is linked to the surface of the gas turbine component being stupalith.The second layer of independent brick is linked on the first layer.
Ceramic tile by apply tackiness agent be linked to each brick the back side, to matrix surface or to the two.The surface that then each independent brick is forced into matrix realizes permanent link by dry at the temperature of the raising up to 1200 DEG C and calcination.Brick is linked to matrix at it on the whole surface at junction surface.
File EP 0 396 026 A1 discloses a kind of synthetics, welding is passed through wherein connected to each other by pottery and metal part, wherein, expansion element is arranged between pottery and metallic substance, and wherein, described expansion element is integrally linked to described material, wherein, expansion element is linked to material by welding, wherein, is molded in metallic substance place and is linked to stupalith by welding expansion element single type.This file is used in the expansion element that side is connected with ceramic segment at opposite side with metallic member.
File US 4 690 793 A discloses a kind of thermonuclear reaction device with the novel evacuated container for surrounding plasma particle, and wherein, the reactor wall being exposed to above-mentioned plasma particle has structure in heaps.A large amount of heat resisting brick is linked to the metal based body with refrigerant by braze material in the mode of metallurgy.Ceramic tile is preferably made up of the silicon carbide of highdensity sintering and comprises small amounts beryllium between the border of crystal grain.It is our claim 1 closely.
File JP 2,002 373955 A discloses a kind of power module matrix, there heating panel formed on a surface and circuit through the metallization pattern be formed on the relative side of ceramic base material (metallization pattern layer) be formed in another on the surface or copper coin to be formed utilize metal brazes to link.Ceramic base material has the not connecting area extending to the inner side on relative surface from the end, outer peripheral edge of ceramic base material.
File JP 1,985 0207162 A discloses and uses braze filler material the pottery and metal parts with metalized surface layer to be engaged, and is formed with recessed portion there on the metal parts of the edge section towards metal layer.Braze filler material is placed between metal layer and metal parts.
File JP 2,008 311296 A discloses a kind of ceramic substrate, and it provides uneven surface portion section, these sections comprise the corresponding layout area of metal level outward flange or along their outer peripheral circuit layer (circuit layer).Smooth department section by the uneven surface portion section in layout area around and more smooth than uneven surface portion section.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method for using molten solder heat-resistant part (preferably limited by peripheral edge so that the shape of tabular ceramic tile is each) to be fixed on the enhancing of the surface being exposed to hot parts, it enables heat-resistant part in reliable and durable mode and is fastened on the surface with especially avoiding thermal stresses.
This object is realized by the summation of the feature in independent claim 1,2 and 5.The present invention advantageously retrofits by feature disclosed in the explanation particularly relating to preferred embodiment in the dependent claims and below.
The concentrated investigation about the junction surface between ceramic heat resistant parts (following ceramic tile) and the metallic surface being exposed to hot parts (as turbine blade) performed by contriver demonstrates, if the edge of independent ceramic tile is not linked to metal matrix, ceramic tile keeps without pressure to a great extent by under the condition being exposed to heat.When contrary, if ceramic tile is until its edge is attached at metallic surface place completely, larger pressure can be produced and cause independent ceramic tile leafing.
In order to avoid independent ceramic tile from be exposed to heat parts metallic surface aforementioned layers from, creatively propose alternative method with avoid be exposed to heat parts surface on link the peripheral edge of edge, preferably ceramic tile at least partially.Technical problem after creationary method seeks a kind of durable method, and it can not force any tolerance of dimension to guarantee the flawless and suitable joint between ceramic tile and the parts being exposed to heat at production period.
According to the first alternatives, a kind of method on surface for heat-resistant part (as ceramic tile) being fixed on the parts being exposed to heat, it is by using molten solder by the soldering at least partially on the surface of the ceramic tile limited by peripheral edge on the surface of parts being exposed to heat, the method be creatively characterised in that make at least except comprise ceramic tile peripheral edge fringe region except the surface metalation of ceramic tile.After metallization step, the metallized surface of ceramic tile is brazed to the surface of the parts being exposed to heat, and in this surface, the peripheral edge of ceramic tile keeps being excluded in soldered joint or welded joint.
Do not cover during soldering in order to ensure molten solder and the therefore wetting ceramic surface region along the peripheral edge of ceramic tile, about wetting properties, the stupalith of ceramic tile and welding material are in view of its physics-chem characteristic, be especially selected such that molten solder does not have the affinity of the ceramic surface of wetting ceramic tile.
Proposition utilizes brazing metal alloy as welding material work, the ceramic surface of its nonwetting heat-resistant part, unless experienced metallization before such surface.Therefore, brazing area or welding region (it corresponds to engaging zones) limit in shape and size by metallization processes, during metallization processes metal level be applied to as creatively required the surface of ceramic tile on the region that limits.
Alternative in preceding method, creatively propose with wall (distance layer) (its have make wall will do not soaked by molten solder about wettable physics-chem characteristic) at least coating comprise the fringe region of the peripheral edge of ceramic tile.The stupalith of brick and welding material are selected such that molten solder has the high-affinity of the ceramic surface of wetting ceramic tile in this case, thus may not need metallization step ceramic tile and be exposed to heat parts metallic surface between form direct welded joint.Importantly wall covers the fringe region of ceramic tile, makes wall prevent molten solder from soaking to comprise at least fringe region of the peripheral edge of ceramic tile.
Under up to the process temperature of 1200 DEG C under protective atmosphere, that is no oxygen ground or perform soldering processes under the amount of oxygen reduced, make wall will not suffer any infringement.Carry out the combustion step added after the brazing, wall (it at least covers the fringe region comprising peripheral edge) is burnouted in the mode of oxidation under air ambient in this step.
Preferably, wall is embodied as carbon or polymeric film layer, its be applied to comprise heat-resistant part (it is preferably into the shape of plate-shaped member (as ceramic tile)) at least partially, on the fringe region of preferably complete peripheral edge.Carbon or polymer thin film can resist the brazing process under protective atmosphere, thus ensure that molten solder can not cover the fringe region of ceramic tile.After soldering processes, carbon or polymer thin film can be burnouted in the mode of oxidation in atmosphere, guarantee independently edge, and it crosses free clearance together with being exposed to the metallic surface of hot parts.Free clearance has the gap size in the dimension of the thickness of the wall burnouted.
The fringe region that the surface in contact that the 3rd alternative approach of the present invention on surface ceramic tile being fixed on the parts being exposed to heat proposes ceramic tile and/or the surface tissue of parts being exposed to heat change into the ceramic tile making to comprise peripheral edge after two surface contact not with the surface contact of parts being exposed to heat.Two surfaces have and about wettable physics-chem characteristic, surface can be soaked by molten solder in such a case.
Owing to treating the suitable structurizing of at least one in these two surfaces of being engaged by soldering, the peripheral edge of ceramic tile surrounds free clearance with the surface of the parts being exposed to heat after the brazing.Illustrate in the following figures for a structurized preferred embodiment.
Also the 3rd alternative approach may be combined with the first and second illustrated before alternative approach.
Preferred braze material or welding material are brazing metal alloy, and it has good wettable performance on metallic surface (it is the surface of parts and the metalized surface of ceramic tile that are exposed to heat when the first method of the present invention illustrated before).
Heat-resistant part as mentioned before is ceramic tile in a preferred embodiment, its can be monolithic pottery or with the pottery of multilayered structure or ceramic matrix composite.Ceramic tile preferably has between 1mm and 10mm, preferably 6mm plate thickness and at 0.5cm
2with 10cm
2between plate surface size.Term " heat-resistant part " is not limited to ceramic tile, but can consider to be suitable for being applied to all ceramic bodies on the surface being exposed to hot parts (particularly the burner of internal combustion turbine or steam turbine assembly or the metal parts of turbine).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Next, will explain the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings based on exemplary embodiment in more detail.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional view being passed in and utilizing metallized junction surface between ceramic tile and metal matrix,
Fig. 2 shows the cross-sectional view being passed in the junction surface utilizing wall between ceramic tile and metal matrix, and
Fig. 3 shows the cross-sectional view at the junction surface between structurized ceramic tile and metal matrix.
List of numerals
1 heat-resistant part
2 metallides
3 molten solders
4 are exposed to hot parts
5 molten solders
6 walls
7 peripheral edge
8 peakings (crest-point)
9 spaces
G gap
R marginarium (rim area).
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the viewgraph of cross-section at the junction surface between the heat-resistant part 1 (it becomes the shape of brick) be made up of stupalith and the parts 4 being exposed to heat providing metallic surface.The parts 4 being exposed to heat are preferably the metal parts of combustion gas or steam turbine assembly, the combustion liner (combustion liner) of such as burner, the blade of turbine, stator blade (vane) or heat insulating element.
Be exposed to the heat-resisting of hot parts 4 to improve, ceramic tile 1 is linked to the metalized surface of the parts 4 being exposed to heat.In order to avoid the significant thermal stresses in ceramic tile 1, the edge 7 of ceramic tile 1 is freely and is got rid of by from the link junction surface between parts 1 and 4.In order to realize peripheral edge 7 and be exposed to heat parts 4 metallic surface between gap g, ceramic tile 1 be bonded on towards be exposed to heat parts 4 surface before be metallized in a first step.Metallization is executed as the fringe region making to comprise peripheral edge 7 and is got rid of by from metallization, makes the marginarium r along peripheral edge 7 to remain ceramic surface.Metal level 2 coverage rate is to the part on surface of ceramic tile 1 of metallic surface of parts 4 being exposed to heat after metallization.
In step below, the metallic surface being exposed to the parts 4 of heat utilizes molten solder 3 to be soldered on metallized surperficial 2, and only by the moistened surface of metalized surface 2, still it can not soak the free ceramic surface at the r place, marginarium at ceramic tile 1 to molten solder 3 in the fringe region comprising peripheral edge 7.
After the brazing, will ceramic tile 1 be retained near the gap g of peripheral edge 7 and be exposed between hot parts 4.
Fig. 2 demonstrates for setting up the alternative of gap g between the fringe region of peripheral edge 7 comprising ceramic tile 1 and the parts 4 being exposed to heat.
When Fig. 2, first the fringe region comprising peripheral edge 7 is coated with wall 6, and it is as the physical barriers preventing molten solder from spreading all over the whole ceramic surface of ceramic tile 1.Wall 6 (preferably carbon or polymeric material) guarantees that molten solder can not soak the fringe region comprising peripheral edge 7.The wetting properties of the ceramic surface of ceramic tile 1 and fusion material are selected such that molten solder can soak the ceramic surface of ceramic tile 1 and be exposed to the metallic surface of hot parts 4.Make wall 6 can finish soldering processes with no damage by performing brazing process under the envrionment conditions of protectiveness.Fig. 2 shows the result after soldering processes.In order to remove wall 6, need the further combustion processes under air conditions wall 6 is burnouted to set up free clearance between edge region and the metallic surface being exposed to hot parts 4 by oxidising process.
Fig. 3 a with b shows another alternative approach for being fixed on by the heat-resistant part of the shape becoming ceramic tile 1 by soldering on the metallic surface of the parts 4 being exposed to heat.Different from conjunction with the embodiment (surface together to be brazed is planeform wherein) illustrated by Fig. 1 and 2, the surface of ceramic tile 1 becomes wavelike structure, peripheral edge 7 is arranged to recessed relative to the wave crest point 8 of the textured surface of ceramic tile 1.
In addition, soldering or welding material 5 are selected such that molten solder 5 soaks the ceramic structureization surface of ceramic tile 1 and is exposed to the metallic surface of hot parts 4.The thickness of welding material 5 is corresponding with the recessed volume on the structured ceramic surface of brick 1 with surface size, makes fusion material 5 fill the space 9 surrounded with two surfaces contacting one another of the parts 1,4 being exposed to heat by ceramic tile.
Fig. 3 b shows junction surface after the brazing, and space 9 is filled with welding material 5 completely wherein.In addition, comprise peripheral edge 7 fringe region and be exposed to heat parts 4 metallic surface between gap g in there is no welding material 5.
Also may alternatively or combine with the surface structuration of the ceramic tile 1 shown in Fig. 3 a with b makes the metallic surface of the parts 4 being exposed to heat become structure.In addition the structurizing applied in also shown in fig 1 and 2 embodiment as the surface when Fig. 3 a, b can be considered.