CN104430094B - A kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding - Google Patents
A kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN104430094B CN104430094B CN201410747438.6A CN201410747438A CN104430094B CN 104430094 B CN104430094 B CN 104430094B CN 201410747438 A CN201410747438 A CN 201410747438A CN 104430094 B CN104430094 B CN 104430094B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding, it is included in breeding trough and feeds accelerating feed and sea cucumber is cultivated, and sea cucumber genital gland indices more than 15% when, 1% spirulina liquid is added into the breeding trough of culturing sea cucumbers and stirs evenly and is cultivated.Artificial breeding is carried out to California red ginseng using such scheme, accelerating feed disclosure satisfy that the nutritional need of California red ginseng sexual gland Rapid development, match science, and it can effectively cause sea cucumber fast-ripenin；Spirulina liquid can the male and female sea cucumber row of effective stimulus be smart, ovulates, the row's of realization essence, the synchronism ovulated, so as to ensure the reliable artificial breeding of California red ginseng.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to California red ginseng artificial culture field, and in particular to a kind of California red ginseng is manually educated
The method of seedling.
Background technology
California red ginseng (one kind of sea cucumber) originates in North America, from California to Alaska intertidal zone shallow water
It is distributed to 249 meters of depth of waters, the sea cucumber kind is British Columbia, Canada, the State of Washington and Alaska State in the U.S.
Important Economic species, product mainly sold in China, the U.S., Japan, South Korea and other places.The sea cucumber wild population natural propagation is only
Occur, in North America locality 7-8 months, to be still in explore in its original producton location for this kind of sea cucumber parent accelerating and seedling-raising technique at present
Stage.Therefore, the method for developing parent's quick accelerating throughout the year is particularly important, also for new varieties in future are introduced, technology export is accomplished fluently
Basis.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding, it can effectively realize people
Work carries out accelerating to California red ginseng and hastened parturition, and realizes the artificial breeding of California red ginseng.
To achieve the above object, the present invention, which adopts the following technical scheme that, is implemented：
A kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding, it is included in breeding trough and feeds accelerating feed and sea cucumber is trained
Support, and when sea cucumber genital gland indices are more than 15%, 1% spirulina liquid is added into the breeding trough of culturing sea cucumbers and stirs evenly and is trained
Support, take out male sea cucumber as arranging the row of progress essence in smart groove after 10-15min, after 20-30min by the taking-up of female sea cucumber as
Ovulated in ovulation groove, collect smart ovum and carry out artificial insemination, it is clean seawater to arrange in smart groove and ovulation groove；Accelerating feed
Composition includes the sea-tangle dry powder of 29~31 parts by weight, the wheat bran of 14~16 parts by weight, bean powder, 9~11 weights of 14~16 parts by weight
Measure the fish meal of part, the sea sand of 24~26 parts by weight, the oyster shell powder of 2~4 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 0.9~1.1 parts by weight, 0.4
The inorganic salts of the B B-complex of~0.6 parts by weight, 0.4~0.6 parts by weight.
Detailed scheme is：
Accelerating feedstuff feeding amount is the 5-10% of sea cucumber weight in wet base；Sea cucumber genital gland indices add spirulina when being 15%-20%
Liquid.The condition that sea cucumber cultivates in breeding trough is：Temperature of cultivation is 14 DEG C, and fluctuation up and down is no more than 1 DEG C, salinity 31-32,
PH7.8-8.0, water velocity 2L.min-1, periodicity of illumination 16:8(L:D), intensity of illumination 2000Lux.Rush is fed in breeding trough
Ripe feed is raised, after lasting 2 months, sea cucumber survival rate 100%, genital gland indices averagely reach 19.6%, sexal maturity kind
Reference Example is more than 60%.
Preferably scheme is：
Sea cucumber genital gland indices add spirulina liquid when being 9.1-19.6%.It is additionally added while adding spirulina liquid in finger
The Chaetoceros nutrient solution of number rise period.Add after spirulina liquid and the water temperature in breeding trough is raised rapidly 4 DEG C.Chaetoceros nutrient solution
With rise water temperature can respectively the row of significantly improving essence ovulate sea cucumber individual amount.
Accelerating feed composition include for the sea-tangle dry powder of 30 parts by weight, the wheat bran of 15 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight bean powder,
The fish meal of 10 parts by weight, the sea sand of 25 parts by weight, the oyster shell powder of 3 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 1 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight are answered
Close vitamin, the inorganic salts of 0.5 parts by weight.
Sea-tangle dry powder is that the sea-tangle piece that harvest is dried is worn into powdery with pulverizer, crosses 200 mesh sieves and is made；Sea sand also passes through
200 mesh sieves sieve.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Artificial breeding, accelerating feed are carried out to California red ginseng using such scheme
The nutritional need of California red ginseng sexual gland Rapid development is disclosure satisfy that, matches science, it can effectively make it that sea cucumber is rapid-result soon
It is ripe；Spirulina liquid can the male and female sea cucumber row of effective stimulus be smart, ovulates, the row's of realization essence, the synchronism ovulated, so as to ensure to add
The reliable artificial breeding of Li Funiya red ginsengs.And the raw material of accelerating feed is gathered materials on the spot, source is generally easily purchased, and cost is low, especially
It is in north America region, it is difficult to purchases degumming Kelp Powder, good substitute can be used as by drying sea-tangle, be beneficial to after feed a part boiling
Sea cucumber digests and assimilates.It is convenient that the spirulina liquid that uses is prepared, and relatively dries in the shade, flowing water, heating stimulation are easier to operate to implement.
California sea cucumber floating larva period, 16-18 DEG C of optimum water temperature, salinity 31-32, pH7.8-8.0, the young are close
Spend has Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros muelleri for 4inds/ml, preferably Mirco algal food,
Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum etc., wherein single throwing
The microalgae that Chaetoceros calcitrans effects are single better than other and mix is raised, auricularia can be improved to cup shape children
The deformation rate of body, and feed Phaeodactylum tricornutum and have and promote auricularia growth, but auricularia is to cup
Deformation form quotient is relatively low.The young feeds bacillus during fostering and reaches 4.0 × 107-6.0×107CFU/ml viable bacteria amounts, hence it is evident that drop
The low horizontal 10-30% of water body ammonia nitrogen, purify water and sea cucumber young food can be used as to promote growth and survival.Optimal microalgae bait throwing in
Measure and reach 25000-35000cell/ml for 10000-20000cell/ml early stage, auricularia mid-term and auricularia later stage,
Water 1/2 is changed daily, all changes water every other day.
Embodiment
In order that objects and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out specifically with reference to embodiments
It is bright.It should be appreciated that following word only to describe the present invention one or more of specific embodiments, not to the present invention
The protection domain specifically asked carries out considered critical.
Sea cucumber used is to save in June, 2011 to gather in Canadian BC in following embodiment 1-3, and picking individual is healthy and strong, without outer
Wound, specification are that 400-600g weight in wet base sea cucumbers are placed on wet towel, and incubator, which is carefully transported in seedling rearing room, temporarily supports in sterilizing in advance
Tank or cement pit.Embodiment 1-3 is carried out in local seedling rearing room, the time of being hastened parturition in embodiment 1-3 midmorning,
Residual bait excrement, stopping flowing water being cleared up before adding spirulina liquid, seawater is using husky filter, ultraviolet disinfection.
The condition that sea cucumber cultivates in breeding trough is：Temperature of cultivation is 14 DEG C, and fluctuation up and down is no more than 1 DEG C, salinity 31-
32, pH7.8-8.0, water velocity 2L.min-1, periodicity of illumination 16:8(L:D), intensity of illumination 2000Lux.
Embodiment 1
Diving is temporarily supported in 300L tanks after fishing parent participation, during which water temperature is slowly adjusted to 12 DEG C, treats that sea cucumber adapts to indoor bar
Start to feed after part, put 20 in each tank in a suitable place to breed.By the Kelp Powder (drying sea-tangle milling) of 30 parts by weight, the wheat of 15 parts by weight
The fish meal mixing of bran, the bean powder of 15 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, gradually adds water boiling 20min, the sea of 25 parts by weight is added after cooling
Sand, the oyster shell powder of 3 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 1 parts by weight, the B B-complex of 0.5 parts by weight, the inorganic salts of 0.5 parts by weight
Mix, splashed according to the ratio uniform of sea cucumber weight in wet base 10%.Daily cleaning residual bait excrement, feed fresh bait.
Parental mean genital gland indices are 12.0%-19.6%, with 1% spirulina liquid when sexal maturity kind Reference Example is about 60%
2L, the Chaetoceros liquid 2L of Exponential growth stage are added in breeding trough, and sea cucumber parent starts to assume an air of complacency immediately, and starts to gather to pool wall
Collect, after 10-15min, ripe male sea cucumber starts row's essence, and female sea cucumber starts to ovulate after 20-30min.Will row's essence and ovulation
Individual takes out respectively is put into the row's of progress essence and ovulation in the row's essence groove for filling clean seawater and ovulation groove, and row's essence and ovulation be not because moving
It is dynamic to be interrupted, seminal fluid will be slowly added into the ovum being collected into, constantly agitation, microscopy, ensures there be 3-5 essence around each ovum
Son.After fertilization, according to 0.5indL-1Density embryonated egg is placed in nursery pond, constantly agitation, water temperature maintains 15 DEG C.
Floating larva cultivation stage uses tank of the bottom for taper, and tank conical lower portion places the inflation of gas stone, realizes groove
Interior upper up-flow, ensure that the young is attached in water layer.Hatching density is 0.3 every milliliter, and floating larva feeds Chaetoceros
Calcitrans, feeding amount are 20000 cells/mls, change water daily.
Embodiment 2
Diving is temporarily supported in 300L tanks after fishing parent participation, during which water temperature is slowly adjusted to 12 DEG C, treats that sea cucumber adapts to indoor bar
Start to feed after part, put 20 in each tank in a suitable place to breed.By the Kelp Powder (drying sea-tangle milling) of 29 parts by weight, the wheat of 16 parts by weight
The fish meal mixing of bran, the bean powder of 14 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, gradually adds water boiling 20-30min, 24 parts by weight is added after cooling
Sea sand, the oyster shell powder of 4 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 1.1 parts by weight, the B B-complexes of 0.4 parts by weight, 0.6 parts by weight
Inorganic salts mix, and are splashed according to the ratio uniform of sea cucumber weight in wet base 10%.Daily cleaning residual bait excrement, feed fresh bait.
Parental mean genital gland indices are 9.1%-19.6%, are added when sexal maturity kind Reference Example is about 60% in breeding trough
1% spirulina liquid 3L is stirred evenly, and phenomenon of assuming an air of complacency occurs in parent sea cucumber, and slowly assembles to pool wall, about 10-15min
Male can arrange essence afterwards, take out male when arranging smart and essence is arranged in the smart groove of the row of being placed in, collection sperm, female after about 20-30min
Property start to ovulate, it is careful take out to be put into ovulation groove ovulates, recovery of ova, female about 20min, which is ovulated, to be finished.By what is be collected into
Seminal fluid is slowly added into ovum, constantly agitation, microscopy, ensures there be 3-5 sperm around each ovum.After fertilization, according to
0.5indL-1Density embryonated egg is placed in nursery pond, constantly agitation, water temperature maintains 15 DEG C.
Floating larva cultivation stage uses tank of the bottom for taper, and tank conical lower portion places the inflation of gas stone, realizes groove
Interior upper up-flow, ensure that the young is attached in water layer.Hatching density is 0.3 every milliliter, and floating larva feeds Chaetoceros
Calcitrans, feeding amount are 20000 cells/mls, change water daily.
Embodiment 3
Diving is temporarily supported in 300L tanks after fishing parent participation, during which water temperature is slowly adjusted to 12 DEG C, treats that sea cucumber adapts to indoor bar
Start to feed after part, put 20 in each tank in a suitable place to breed.By the Kelp Powder (drying sea-tangle milling) of 31 parts by weight, the wheat of 14 parts by weight
The fish meal mixing of bran, the bean powder of 16 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, gradually adds water boiling 20-30min, 26 parts by weight is added after cooling
Sea sand, the oyster shell powder of 2 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 0.9 parts by weight, the B B-complex of 0.6 parts by weight, the nothing of 0.4 parts by weight
Machine salt mixes, and is splashed according to sea cucumber weight in wet base 5-10% ratio uniform.Daily cleaning residual bait excrement, feed fresh bait.
Parental mean genital gland indices are 15%-20%, add 1% when sexal maturity kind Reference Example is about 60% in breeding trough
Spirulina liquid 2-3L is stirred evenly, while adds the Chaetoceros nutrient solution 1-2L of Exponential growth stage, rapidly will cultivation trough inner water temperature rise 4
DEG C, there is phenomenon of assuming an air of complacency in parent sea cucumber, and slowly assembles to pool wall, and male can arrange essence after about 10-15min, arranges
Male is taken out when smart essence is arranged in the smart groove of the row of being placed in, collect sperm, female starts to ovulate after about 20-30min, carefully takes
Go out to be put into and ovulated in ovulation groove, recovery of ova, female about 20min ovulations finish.Essence will be slowly added into the ovum being collected into
Liquid, constantly agitation, microscopy, ensure there be 3-5 sperm around each ovum.After fertilization, according to 0.5indL-1Density will
Embryonated egg is placed in nursery pond, and constantly agitation, water temperature maintain 15 DEG C.
Floating larva cultivation stage uses tank of the bottom for taper, and tank conical lower portion places the inflation of gas stone, realizes groove
Interior upper up-flow, ensure that the young is attached in water layer.Hatching density is 0.3 every milliliter, and floating larva feeds Chaetoceros
Calcitrans, feeding amount are 20000 cells/mls, change water daily.
Embodiment 4
Diving is temporarily supported in 300L tanks after fishing parent participation, during which water temperature is slowly adjusted to 12 DEG C, treats that sea cucumber adapts to indoor bar
Start to feed after part, put 20 in each tank in a suitable place to breed.By the Kelp Powder (drying sea-tangle milling) of 30 parts by weight, the wheat of 15 parts by weight
The fish meal mixing of bran, the bean powder of 15 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, gradually adds water boiling 20min, the sea of 25 parts by weight is added after cooling
Sand, the oyster shell powder of 3 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 1 parts by weight, the B B-complex of 0.5 parts by weight, the inorganic salts of 0.5 parts by weight
Mix, splashed according to the ratio uniform of sea cucumber weight in wet base 10%.Daily cleaning residual bait excrement, feed fresh bait.
Parental mean genital gland indices are 9.1%-19.6%, are added when sexal maturity kind Reference Example is about 50% in breeding trough
1% spirulina liquid 2-3L is stirred evenly, and will cultivate 4 DEG C of trough inner water temperature rise rapidly, and parent sea cucumber phenomenon of assuming an air of complacency occurs, and
Slowly assemble to pool wall, male can arrange essence after about 10-15min, take out in the smart groove of the row of being placed in male when arranging smart and arrange
Essence, sperm is collected, female starts to ovulate after about 20-30min, and careful taking-up, which is put into ovulation groove, ovulates, recovery of ova, female
About 20min ovulations finish.Seminal fluid will be slowly added into the ovum being collected into, constantly agitation, microscopy, ensured around each ovum
There is 3-5 sperm.After fertilization, according to 0.5indL-1Density embryonated egg is placed in nursery pond, constantly agitation, water temperature dimension
Hold at 15 DEG C.
Floating larva cultivation stage uses tank of the bottom for taper, and tank conical lower portion places the inflation of gas stone, realizes groove
Interior upper up-flow, ensure that the young is attached in water layer.Hatching density is 0.3 every milliliter, and floating larva feeds Chaetoceros
Calcitrans, feeding amount are 20000 cells/mls, change water daily.
By this method, successful incubation goes out 6 batches of California red ginseng young.Young survival rate is to more than 80%.It is right
The outgroup natural propagation phase more out of office than the kind in annual 7-8 months, can shift to an earlier date the time of 3-4 months.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, after content described in the present invention is known, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it can also be made some
Equal conversion and replacement, these, which convert and substituted on an equal basis, also should be regarded as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding, it is included in breeding trough and feeds accelerating feed and sea cucumber is trained
Support, and when sea cucumber genital gland indices are more than 15%, 1% spirulina liquid is added into the breeding trough of culturing sea cucumbers and stirs evenly and is trained
Support, male sea cucumber is taken out into the row's of progress essence in the smart groove of the row of being placed in after 10-15min, female sea cucumber is taken out after 20-30min and is placed in
Ovulated in ovulation groove, collect smart ovum and carry out artificial insemination, it is clean seawater to arrange in smart groove and ovulation groove；Accelerating feed
Composition includes the sea-tangle dry powder of 29~31 parts by weight, the bean powder of the parts by weight of wheat bran 14~16 of 14~16 parts by weight, 9~11 weight
Part fish meal, the sea sand of 24~26 parts by weight, the oyster shell powder of 2~4 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 0.9~1.1 parts by weight, 0.4~
The inorganic salts of the B B-complex of 0.6 parts by weight, 0.4~0.6 parts by weight；
Accelerating feedstuff feeding amount is the 5-10% of sea cucumber weight in wet base；It is additionally added while adding spirulina liquid in Exponential growth stage
Chaetoceros nutrient solution；Add after spirulina liquid and the water temperature in breeding trough is raised rapidly 4 DEG C；The bar that sea cucumber cultivates in breeding trough
Part is：Temperature of cultivation is 14 DEG C, and fluctuation up and down is no more than 1 DEG C, salinity 31-32, pH 7.8-8.0, water velocity 2L.min-1, light
It is 16 according to the cycle:8(L:D), intensity of illumination 2000Lux；Sea cucumber genital gland indices add spirulina liquid when being 15%-20%.
2. the method for red ginseng artificial breeding in California according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Sea cucumber genital gland indices
To add spirulina liquid during 12.0%-19.6%.
3. the method for red ginseng artificial breeding in California according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The group of accelerating feed
Into including the sea-tangle dry powder for 30 parts by weight, the wheat bran of 15 parts by weight, the bean powder of 15 parts by weight, the fish meal of 10 parts by weight, 25 weights
Measure the sea sand of part, the oyster shell powder of 3 parts by weight, the shrimp shell meal of 1 parts by weight, the B B-complex of 0.5 parts by weight, 0.5 parts by weight
Inorganic salts.
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| CN201410747438.6A CN104430094B (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | A kind of method of California red ginseng artificial breeding |
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| CN104839066A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-08-19 | 威海圣航水产科技有限公司 | Artificial insemination method of greenlings |
| CN106719175A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-05-31 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of artitificial food collocation method of suitable California sea cucumber larval growth |
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| KR200387007Y1 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2005-06-16 | 강석진 | Culture equipment for sea cucumber |
| CN102283330B (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2013-01-02 | 大连理工大学 | Sea cucumber accelerating feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN102870712A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-16 | 黄思睿 | Sea cucumber seedling raising method |
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