CN104419062B - 一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104419062B
CN104419062B CN201310383234.4A CN201310383234A CN104419062B CN 104419062 B CN104419062 B CN 104419062B CN 201310383234 A CN201310383234 A CN 201310383234A CN 104419062 B CN104419062 B CN 104419062B
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杨桂生
李万里
姚晨光
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Hefei Genius New Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂及其制备方法，有机纤维填充热塑性树脂由改性有机纤维5‑70份、热塑性树脂30‑95份与助剂0‑20份制备而成，所述改性有机纤维是指有机纤维经四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液表面浸润处理所得。本发明使用四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液来改性有机纤维，增加了有机纤维表面的官能度和表面粗糙度，并增强了热塑性树脂基体的界面结合能力，大大的改善纤维与热塑性树脂的浸润性及在热塑性树脂中分散性，最终制备的有机纤维增强热塑性树脂的强度高、抗冲击性能好。

Description

一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子改性材料领域，具体涉及一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
有机纤维是指将人工合成的、具有适宜分子量并具有可溶（或可熔）性的线型聚合物，经纺丝成形和后处理而制得的化学纤维。有机纤维密度小，表面聚集大量的静电，易团聚。在塑料料子挤出工艺中，有机纤维的团聚会导致产品的强度低、抗冲击性能差，大大的妨碍了产品的应用范围。如何保证有机纤维均匀的分散在热塑性树脂中一直是一个难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高强度、抗冲击性能好的有机纤维填充热塑性树脂。
一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂，由以下组分按重量份制备而成：
改性有机纤维5-70份；
热塑性树脂30-95份；
助剂0-20份；
所述改性有机纤维是指有机纤维经四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液表面浸润处理所得。
进一步，所述的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液的浓度为0.1-0.5%。
所述的有机纤维为聚丙烯纤维、尼龙纤维或聚酯纤维。
所述的热塑性树脂为聚丙烯、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯中的一种。
所述的助剂选自相容剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂中的至少一种。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述有机纤维填充热塑性树脂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.1-0.5%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液，再将表面未经过处理的有机纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中0.5-1小时后，取出烘干得改性有机纤维；
（2）按配比把30-95份的热塑性树脂与0-20份的助剂，于常温条件下均匀混合，然后将其混合物从挤出机进料口中加入挤出机，再将（1）中制备的改性有机纤维5-70份从纤维进料口加入挤出机，经熔融挤出、风冷、切粒，得到有机纤维填充热塑性树脂复合材料。
本发明中选用浓度为0.1-0.5%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液来改性有机纤维，能增强热塑性树脂的拉伸强度、抗冲击强度，并提高其在热塑性树脂中的分散性。
有机纤维需浸润在四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中0.5-1小时，其浸润时间小于0.5小时，有机纤维表面浸润性差；浸润时间超过1小时后，纤维的表面会出现微裂纹，出现损伤。这两种情况最终都会导致有机纤维在基体中的分散性差，降低最终产品的力学性能。
所述的助剂选自的相容剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂中的一种或多种，本发明中优选抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168按重量比为1:2组成复配物；润滑剂选用硬酯酸钙；相容剂选用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐。
所以本发明的有益效果是，经过大量的实验，本发明使用四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液来改性有机纤维，增加了有机纤维表面的官能度和表面粗糙度，并增强了热塑性树脂基体的界面结合能力，大大的改善纤维与热塑性树脂的浸润性及在热塑性树脂中分散性，最终制备的有机纤维增强热塑性树脂的强度高、抗冲击性能好。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
本发明中所有的浓度单位均指重量浓度。
如无具体说明，本发明的各种原料均可以通过市售得到；或根据本领域常规方法得到。除另有定义或说明，本文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域技术熟练人员熟悉的意义相同。此外任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。
本发明中力学测试方法如下：
拉伸性能的测试：ASTM D638,塑料拉伸性能试验方法，拉伸速度5mm/min。
冲击性能的测试：悬臂梁缺口冲击强度按照ASTM D256,塑料悬臂梁冲击试验方法。
实施例1
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.1%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液；再把表面未经过处理的聚酯纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中0.5小时，取出烘干得改性聚酯纤维。
（2）称取50份的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，0.2份的抗氧剂1010，0.3份的抗氧剂168，5份硬脂酸钙常温混合后，于挤出机的加料口加入；再将50份改性聚酯纤维从挤出机的纤维口加入，经熔融挤出，风冷，切粒，得到聚酯纤维填充聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复合材料。
实施例2
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.2%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液；把表面未经过处理的尼龙纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中0.6小时，取出烘干得改性尼龙纤维。
（2）称取65份的聚酰胺66，0.1份的抗氧剂1010，0.2份的抗氧剂168于常温混合后，于挤出机的加料口加入；再将35份改性尼龙纤维从挤出机的纤维入口加入，经熔融挤出，风冷，切粒，得到尼龙纤维填充聚酰胺66树脂复合材料。
实施例3
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.5%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液；把表面未经过处理的尼龙纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中1小时，取出烘干得改性尼龙纤维。
（2）称取95份的聚酰胺6，于挤出机加料口加入，经熔融挤出进入熔体槽，再将5份改性尼龙纤维从挤出机的纤维入口加入，经熔融挤出，风冷，切粒，得到尼龙纤维填充聚酰胺6树脂复合材料。
实施例4
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.3%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液；把表面未经过处理的聚丙烯纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中，浸润0.8小时，取出烘干得改性聚丙烯纤维。
（2）称取30份的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯，0.2份的抗氧剂1010，0.3份的抗氧剂168，4.5份硬脂酸钙,15份聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐于常温混合后，于挤出机加料口加入；再将70份改性聚丙烯纤维从挤出机的纤维口加入，经熔融挤出，风冷，切粒，得到聚丙烯纤维填充聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯材料。
实施例5
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.3%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液；把表面未经过处理的聚丙烯纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中，浸润0.8小时，取出烘干得改性有机纤维。
（2）称取60份的聚丙烯，0.2份的抗氧剂1010，0.3份的抗氧剂168，1.5份硬脂酸钙常温混合后，于挤出机加料口加入，处理后的聚丙烯纤维从纤维口加入，控制聚丙烯纤维填充量为40份，熔融挤出，风冷，切粒，得到聚丙烯纤维填充聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯材料。
对比例1
称取50份的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，0.2份的抗氧剂1010，0.3份的抗氧剂168，5份硬脂酸钙常温混合后，于挤出机加料口加入，未处理的聚酯纤维从纤维口加入，控制聚酯纤维填充量为50份，熔融挤出，风冷，切粒，得到聚酯纤维填充聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯复合材料。
将实施例1-5制备的有机纤维填充热塑性树脂与对比例1中用未改性聚酯纤维填充聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，按照ASTM D638 、ASTM D256对其拉伸性能与冲击性能进行试验，数据如下表所示：
拉伸强度（Mpa） 缺口冲击强度（J/M）
实施例1 151 663
实施例2 120 503
实施例3 89 147
实施例4 175 445
实施例5 143 582
对比例1 71 88
从实验数据可以看出，本发明使用四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液来改性有机纤维，增加了有机纤维表面的官能度和表面粗糙度，并增强了基体树脂界面结合能力强，大大的改善纤维与基体树脂的浸润性及在基体树脂中分散性，最终制备的有机纤维增强热塑性树脂强度高、抗冲击性能好。
将实施例1与对比例1对比，本发明的实施例1中采用的是用四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇改性聚酯纤维来填充聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的，而对比例1是直接采用聚酯纤维填充聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。由于实施例1中改性聚酯纤维是用四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇来改性的，从而明显地提高了材料的拉伸强度与缺口冲击强度，其拉伸强度提高112%、缺口冲击强度提高653%。

Claims (5)

1.一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂，其特征在于：由以下组分按重量份制备而成：
改性有机纤维5-70份；
热塑性树脂30-95份；
助剂0-20份；
所述改性有机纤维是指有机纤维经浓度为0.1-0.5%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液表面浸润处理0.5-1小时后所得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂，其特征在于：所述的有机纤维为聚丙烯纤维、尼龙纤维或聚酯纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂，其特征在于：所述的热塑性树脂为聚丙烯、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机纤维填充热塑性树脂，其特征在于：所述的助剂选自相容剂、抗氧剂、润滑剂中的至少一种。
5.一种制备如权利要求1所述的有机纤维填充热塑性树脂的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
（1）把四甲基氢氧化铵溶于甲醇中，配制浓度为0.1%-0.5%的四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液，再将表面未经过处理的有机纤维浸润到四甲基氢氧化铵甲醇溶液中0.5-1小时后，取出烘干得改性有机纤维；
（2）按配比把30-95份的热塑性树脂与0-20份的助剂，于常温条件下均匀混合，然后将其混合物从挤出机进料口中加入挤出机，再将（1）中制备的改性有机纤维5-70份从纤维进料口加入挤出机，经熔融挤出、风冷、切粒，得到有机纤维填充热塑性树脂复合材料。
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