CN104416261B - 焊接部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

焊接部件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN104416261B
CN104416261B CN201410459231.9A CN201410459231A CN104416261B CN 104416261 B CN104416261 B CN 104416261B CN 201410459231 A CN201410459231 A CN 201410459231A CN 104416261 B CN104416261 B CN 104416261B
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arm
protruding portion
board member
welding
transverse
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CN104416261A (zh
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马克·卡锡
戴夫·赫德曼
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JC Bamford Excavators Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/008Filling of continuous seams for automotive applications
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/08Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for flash removal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/0026Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/025Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/38Cantilever beams, i.e. booms;, e.g. manufacturing processes, forms, geometry or materials used for booms; Dipper-arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, forms, geometry or materials used for dipper-arms; Bucket-arms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)

Abstract

挖掘机等的箱形臂(16)的一侧具有枢转轴线(19)。两个平板(25、26)闭合箱形部分的邻近枢转轴线的底面,并从一侧的一对突出部(28、29)横向焊接到在另一侧的对应的一对突出部(28、29)。焊接后,突出部(28、29)被部分地而非全部地移除。

Description

焊接部件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种挖掘机的关节臂的中空钢制造的焊接部件(具体地堆焊),以及其制造方法。
背景技术
钢制造常被应用于制造施工设备等的部件。在升降臂或装载臂的情况下,制造可包括略呈矩形的箱形部分,该箱形部分结合了枢转轴并包括通过焊接连接在一起的多个大致平坦的板;这样的臂既牢固又质量小、惯性小。
焊接期间必须注意避免出现或产生应力集中,应力集中可导致焊接在使用中失效。特别是电堆焊(electro-deposition weld)的开始或结束时可产生大应力,例如两个板通过横向焊接部而连接在一起处。
在这种情况下,常规的做法是在将要焊接的接头的端部设置引弧和熄弧特征,通常以板延伸或突起的形式。在突出部上开始并停止焊接,突出部在焊道的任一端,这样确保了在实质接头的长度上,焊接质量基本一致。
焊接完成后,引弧和熄弧特征与堆焊的开始和结束一起通过研磨被移除,从而只留下与各板的纵向边缘平齐的焊接接头。这样,任何潜在的焊接缺陷就从开始和停止位置被移除了,因此提供一致牢固的制造。
然而,期望的是在这样的堆焊的开始和结束处进一步降低应力水平,特别是在箱形部分制造的枢转轴的区域内进一步降低应力水平。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种制造挖掘机的箱形臂的方法,所述臂的两端之间限定横向枢转轴线,所述臂的一侧包括大体平坦的板构件,板构件在与所述轴线一致的横向平面对接,每个板构件的相互邻近的端部包括相对的横向突出部,该方法包括:
使所述板构件横向焊接在一起,所述焊接从一侧的突出部开始,并于相对侧的突出部结束,以及
部分移除两侧的突出部和焊缝。
这样制造的臂减小了横向焊缝每端的应力,并在臂的枢转区域提供改进的连接。已经发现失效之前疲劳循环的数量因本发明而实质增加,典型地增加50%-100%。
突出部优选地位于板构件的相互邻近的端部的边缘,例如在箱形臂的侧边缘。突出部优选地从板构件的侧边缘延伸,最优选地在板构件的相互邻近的端部延伸。突出部可沿平行于所述横向枢转轴线的方向伸出,并优选只在该方向伸出。每个突出部优选与其所伸出的板平齐。
优选连续堆焊,且板之间的间隙优选为敞开的“V”状,以便容纳堆焊焊缝。
枢转轴线可由环形铸件限定,该铸件沿着外周边缘被焊接到臂的侧面并焊接到平板构件。这样的铸件可限定通孔中的枢转轴线,并且一个这样的铸件通常被设置在箱形部分的每侧,使得每个铸件焊接到两个平板构件,且平板构件互相焊接。
在另一方案中,本发明提供了一种利用本发明的方法制造的挖掘机的臂,以及一种适配有这样的臂的挖掘机。本发明制造的臂可用于具有类似枢转的臂的其他种类的机械。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征将从以下附图中仅作为示例而示出的优选实施例的描述变得明显,在附图中:
图1示出了结合本发明的示例性的挖掘机的侧视图;
图2是从一侧和上方观察的结合本发明的挖掘机的臂的立体图;
图3与图2对应,示出了从一侧和下方观察的该挖掘机的臂;
图4是焊接前的常规的焊接突出部的局部放大立体图;
图5是焊接完成后的本发明的局部放大立体图;
图6与图4对应,示出了焊接接头的常规的完成处;
图7与图4对应,示出了横向焊接前从下方观察的挖掘机的臂;
图8与图6对应,示出了横向焊接完成后从下方观察的本发明的挖掘机的臂。
具体实施方式
参照图1,常规的挖掘机10包括履带式底盘11,底盘上设有包括驾驶室13和发动机14的机身12。第一臂15自机身向前伸出并在第一臂上支撑第二枢转臂16。液压支柱17控制臂16的枢转,臂16的自由端载有铲18。挖掘机的许多特征被省略,特别是第一臂15可相对于机身12上下枢转,铲18可相对于第二臂16枢转。第一臂和第二臂在枢转轴线19处相连接。
在图2和图3中更加详细地示出了第二臂,第二臂包括箱形部分,该箱形部分包括两个侧板21、一顶面22和一底面23。典型的第二臂的长度范围在1.9m到3.0m,但也可长达6m。枢转轴线区域的臂的宽度和高度大约为300mm,但可更少或更多。如图所示,臂朝向其端部逐渐变细,但典型地宽度基本恒定。
枢转轴线19由在侧板21的相应凹部焊接的一对枢转铸件24限定。底面23由在轴线19的任一侧延伸的两个板构件25、26构成。如能够从图3看到的,这些板构件在铸件24的下方横向对接(如图中观察的),并必须在该交界面焊接在一起,且焊接到侧板和枢转铸件。如图所示,平板的夹角为钝角。
图4更详细地示出了臂16的一侧,并示出了枢转铸件24和两个板构件25和26。每个枢转铸件24具有圆形凸台31。交界面包括由每个板构件25、26端部处的倒角所形成的“V”形槽27。众所周知,这样的槽适合例如通过电弧焊、MIG(惰性气体保护焊)或TIG(钨极氩弧焊)焊接设备的堆焊。
在横向槽27的每端,板25、26分别限定构成堆焊的开始和停止表面的突出部或垂片(tab)28、29。焊接前每个突出部约伸出25mm。
常规地,焊接完成后,这样的突出部连同相应的焊缝一起被完全移除,留下平整的加工完成处(finish),如图6所示,其中示出了焊缝30。
图7示出了焊接前从底面观察的常规布置。能够在槽27的任一端清楚地看到突出部28和29。
图5和图8示出了本发明。焊接后,突出部28、29连同相应的焊缝被部分移除。如图8所示,剩余的突出部未延伸超过每个枢转铸件24上设置的凸台31。在防腐蚀处理和喷涂之前,突出部可以任何方便的方式减小,例如通过研磨。
制造方法包括,将两个枢转铸件24与挖掘机臂的侧部、顶部和底部放置于夹具中,在缝焊之前预焊各部件。臂的板部件典型地为厚度在4-8mm范围内的钢。焊接后,突出部和相关联的焊接部分通过研磨被移除,使得例如从焊接部的任一端移除的突出部为10-20mm,并保留5-15mm的突出部。在一个实施例中,25mm的突出部被减到10mm。

Claims (13)

1.一种制造挖掘机的箱形臂的方法,所述臂的两端之间限定横向枢转轴线,所述臂的一侧包括大体平坦的板构件,所述板构件在与所述轴线重合的横向平面处对接,且每个板构件在相互邻近的端部处包括相对的横向突出部,该方法包括:
使所述板构件横向焊接在一起,所述焊接从一侧的突出部开始,并于相对侧的突出部结束,以及部分地移除两侧的突出部和焊接部。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述横向焊接的步骤是通过连续堆焊进行的。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括对所述板构件的相邻端部进行倒角以为所述横向焊接提供“V”形槽的预备步骤。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述枢转轴线由所述臂的任一侧的环形轴承限定,所述轴承桥接所述板构件,所述方法包括使所述轴承焊接于所述板构件的步骤。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述轴线位于所述臂的紧邻所述板构件的一侧。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,每个所述环形轴承包括与所述轴线同轴的、面向外的圆形凸台,以及所述突出部被移除以便伸出得少于各相应的凸台。
7.如任一前述权利要求所述的方法,其中,所述突出部的长度被缩短50%-75%。
8.如权利要求1到6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述突出部的长度被缩短10-20mm。
9.如权利要求1到6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述突出部被部分地移除后,所述突出部伸出5-15mm。
10.如权利要求1到6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述部分移除的步骤是通过研磨进行的。
11.一种挖掘机的箱形臂,所述臂由如权利要求1到10中任一项所述的方法制造。
12.一种挖掘机的箱形臂,所述臂的两端之间限定横向枢转轴线,所述臂的一侧包括两个大体平坦的板构件,所述板构件在与所述轴线重合的横向平面处对接,且每个板构件在相互邻近的端部处包括相对的横向突出部,连续焊缝在所述突出部之间伸出,所述突出部突出10-20mm并具有平整的端面。
13.一种具有如权利要求11或12所述的箱形臂的挖掘机。
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