CN104410133B - Equalization circuit based on Buck-Boost convertor and bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as implementation method - Google Patents
Equalization circuit based on Buck-Boost convertor and bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104410133B CN104410133B CN201410798873.1A CN201410798873A CN104410133B CN 104410133 B CN104410133 B CN 104410133B CN 201410798873 A CN201410798873 A CN 201410798873A CN 104410133 B CN104410133 B CN 104410133B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses an equalization circuit based on a Buck-Boost convertor and a bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as an implementation method. The equalization circuit comprises a microcontroller, the Buck-Boost convertor, the bidirectional LC resonant convertor, an option switch module, an equalization busbar, a battery pack and filter capacitors. According to the equalization circuit, by means of control of output voltage of the Buck-Boost convertor as well as the bidirectional LC resonant convertor, soft switching equalization of Pack to Cell or Cell to Pack can be realized, the equalization circuit has the advantages of high efficiency, simplicity in control, small size, switching loss avoidance, easiness in modularization and the like, and the defect that the traditional Pack to Cell equalization circuit cannot deal with the condition that certain cell in a pack has higher voltage while other cells are in equalization is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation and implementation method.
Background technology
The whole world is faced with the unprecedented energy and environmental crisis, enjoys World Focusing.Electric automobile has energy-saving ring
The feature protected, is the critical path solving this major crisis, it has also become the inexorable trend of future automobile industrial development.On a large scale
Electric motor car is as the mainstay that mobile energy storing devices will be the third time industrial revolution (energy the Internet).And lithium ion battery because
Its high-energy-density, low discharge rate and do not have memory effect, are widely used in electric automobile and hybrid electrically vapour as power source
Che Zhong.But it is affected by the limitation of the technology of cell manufacturing techniques and power-supply management system, electrokinetic cell needs a large amount of during using
The multistage connection in series-parallel of monomer can provide enough supply voltages and driving power.When but this kind of battery is used in series, easily
Because the unbalanced problem of capacity causes percentage of batteries monomer overcharge and overdischarge, greatly have impact on making of power battery pack
With life-span and safety.Therefore, it is necessary to balanced management is carried out to set of cells.It is clear that the key as battery management system
One of technology, the efficient balance of series battery has become as a study hotspot.
Equalizing circuit is different from the power electronics topology of other field, to the volume of circuit, efficiency, tube voltage drop and isolation
Etc. putting forward higher requirement., finally in electric automobile to be applied to, the volume of therefore equalizing circuit can not be too big for equalizing circuit；
The purpose of equalizing circuit is to realize the equilibrium of battery in battery pack monomer voltage by a changer, and the efficiency of changer can not
Too low, otherwise not only will not play and act in a balanced way, on the contrary can by the energy expenditure of set of cells totally；Set of cells is by battery list
Body is composed in series, and proposes very high requirement to the isolation of equalizing circuit, if the isolation of equalizing circuit is bad, can send out
Raw battery short circuit, blast, the safety hazards such as on fire；Electric automobile power battery group is made up of several battery modules,
Therefore it is required that equalizing circuit also being capable of modularity；Balance route algorithm should have convergence, enable to battery cell voltage and receive
Hold back meansigma methodss, be otherwise not only not up to portfolio effect, also can cause the waste of energy.
At present, equalization methods mainly have dissipative equalization, nondissipative equalization and battery to select three major types.
Dissipative equalization is shunted by carrying out electric discharge to the dissipating device in parallel of each battery cell in set of cells, thus
Realize the equilibrium of cell voltage.The equilibrium that dissipates is divided into two classes further again：Passive equilibrium and active equalization.Dissipation equalizing structure
, low cost simple with control, but there is energy dissipation and heat management.
The non-equilibrium that dissipates adopts electric capacity, inductance etc. as energy-storage travelling wave tube, by the use of common power converting circuit as topology
Basis, takes dispersion or the structure concentrated, realizes unidirectional or two-way equalization scheme.There is circuit structure in non-dissipation equalizing circuit
Complicated, volume is big, high cost, time for balance length, high switching loss the problems such as.According to energy stream, non-dissipation equilibrium can be divided into
Five kinds below：(1)Cell to Cell；(2)Cell to Pack；(3)Pack to Cell；(4)Pack to Cell to
Pack；(5)Any Cells to Any Cells.For the equalization methods of Pack to Cell, energy can be directly from whole
Set of cells transfers to the minimum battery cell of voltage, is capable of larger euqalizing current, but this method is suitable only for electricity
In the group of pond, a certain or some batteries monomer voltage is less than other batteries monomer voltages, and other batteries monomer voltages are in
The situation of poised state；Being not suitable for a certain or some batteries monomer voltages is higher than other batteries monomer voltages, and other
Batteries monomer voltage is in the situation of poised state.For the equalization methods of Pack to Cell to Pack, can either be real
The existing equilibrium to battery cell for the set of cells, is capable of the equilibrium to set of cells for the battery cell, balanced way is more flexible again, tool
There is higher equalization efficiency, be suitable for jumbo electrokinetic cell.
Battery selects equilibrium to refer to build set of cells by the consistent battery cell of experimental selection performance, typically has two step sieves
Select process.The first step, under different discharge currents, selects the close battery cell of battery average size；Second step, first
In the battery cell of step screening, select that there is close cell voltage variable quantity under different SOC by pulse charge and discharge experiment
Battery cell.Self-discharge rate due to battery cell is not quite similar, and battery selects equilibrium not enough in battery whole life cycle
To keep set of cells to equalize always.It is only as a kind of supplementary equalization methods of other equalization methods.
Chinese invention patent (patent No. ZL201420264864.X and application number 201410218975.1) discloses one kind
Pack to Cell equalizing circuit based on LC resonant transformation and implementation method, its can in real-time judge set of cells voltage minimum
Battery cell, and Zero Current Switch equilibrium is carried out to it, equilibrium every time is both for the minimum battery list of voltage in set of cells
Body is carried out, and improves equalization efficiency, effectively reduces the discordance between battery cell.But, in this equalizing circuit, when
A certain batteries monomer voltage is relatively low, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, at this moment needs just once to switch
Can complete to equalize；When a certain batteries monomer voltage is higher, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, need
N-1 switching circulation just can complete to equalize.Therefore, n/2 switching is averagely needed to follow for Pack to Cell type equalizing circuit
Ring, balancing speed is slower, less efficient, is suitable only for that a certain in set of cells or some batteries monomer voltage is relatively low and other sections
Battery cell voltage is in the situation of poised state, be not suitable for a certain or some batteries monomer voltages higher and other economize on electricity
Pond monomer voltage is in the situation of poised state.And for Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit, when a certain batteries monomer electricity
Pressure is higher, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, needs 1 switching just can complete to equalize；When a certain section
Battery cell voltage is relatively low, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, needs n-1 switching circulation just can complete
Equilibrium, therefore, Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit averagely needs n/2 switching circulation, and balancing speed is slow, less efficient, should
Method is suitable only for that set of cells is a certain or some batteries monomer voltages is higher and other batteries monomer voltages are in equilibrium-like
The situation of state, is not suitable for that a certain or some batteries monomer voltages are relatively low and other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state
Situation.
Content of the invention
For solving the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention discloses a kind of be based on two-way LC resonant transformation and Buck-
The equalizing circuit of Boost conversion and implementation method, including microcontroller, Buck-Boost conversion, two-way LC resonant transformation, selection
Switch module, equilibrium bus, power battery pack and filter capacitor.Circuit of the present invention passes through to control the output of Buck-Boost conversion
Voltage, and by means of two-way LC resonant transformation, achievable set of cells is to battery cell (Pack to Cell) or battery cell pair
The Sofe Switch equilibrium of set of cells (Cell to Pack).The present invention has efficiency high, controls simple, circuit small volume, no switchs
The advantages of be lost and be easy to modularity, and overcome traditional Pack to Cell equalizing circuit and Cell to Pack equilibrium electricity
Road is difficult to that certain batteries monomer voltage in treatment of battery group is higher or certain batteries monomer is relatively low and other batteries monomers balance
Situation.
For achieving the above object, the concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows：
Based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation equalizing circuit, include microcontroller, equalize bus,
Buck-Boost translation circuit, two-way LC resonant transform circuit, selecting switch module and power battery pack, wherein, microcontroller
Connect each monomer of set of cells by voltage detecting circuit, battery cell passes through selecting switch module and connects equilibrium bus, all
Weighing apparatus bus connects the outfan of two-way LC resonant transformation, and microcontroller is sequentially connected control Buck-Boost by drive circuit and becomes
Change circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, and selecting switch module is connected by multi-channel gating switch；
Described equalizing circuit has both of which weighing apparatus pattern：Set of cells to battery cell be Pack to Cell balanced mode and
Battery cell is the balanced mode of Cell to Pack to set of cells；
Described set of cells is that microprocessor controls selecting switch module is minimum by voltage to the balanced mode of battery cell
Battery cell gates to equilibrium bus, and controls Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Buck pattern, and it is defeated that Buck-Boost converts
Going out voltage is higher than battery cell minimum voltage, and balanced energy, by two-way LC resonant transformation, is transferred to from Buck-Boost conversion
The minimum battery cell of voltage is it is achieved that energy flows to the minimum battery cell of voltage from set of cells；
Described battery cell is microprocessor controls selecting switch module to the balanced mode of set of cells by voltage highest
Battery cell gates to equilibrium bus, and controls Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, and it is defeated that Buck-Boost converts
Go out voltage and be less than battery cell ceiling voltage, balanced energy, by two-way LC resonant transformation, turns from voltage highest battery cell
Move on to Buck-Boost to convert it is achieved that balanced energy flows to set of cells from voltage highest battery cell.
Described microcontroller includes general purpose I/O end and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, and wherein general purpose I/O end is divided into
Two parts；
A part of port at described general purpose I/O end is connected with battery cell by voltage checking chip, for by each battery
Monomer voltage is converted into digital signal, so that it is determined that voltage is minimum and highest battery cell；
Another part port at described general purpose I/O end is connected with selecting switch module by a multi-channel gating switch, is used for
The minimum or ceiling voltage corresponding battery numbering that decoding microcontroller determines, control selections switch module will be any in set of cells
The voltage of position is minimum or highest battery cell gates and equalized to equilibrium bus；
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part by drive circuit be sequentially connected Buck-Boost translation circuit and
Two-way LC resonant transform circuit, for producing the control drive signal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch.
Described Buck-Boost translation circuit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1And Qb2, an inductance and four electric capacity compositions, metal-oxide-semiconductor
Qb1And Qb2It is connected in series to, and metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1Shunt capacitance Cb1, diode Db1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2Shunt capacitance Cb2, two
Pole pipe Db2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1Drain electrode connects electric capacity C1Positive pole, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1Source electrode connects two branch roads, and a branch road connects metal-oxide-semiconductor
Qb2Drain electrode, another branch road connect inductance L1, inductance L1The other end connects electric capacity C0Positive pole, electric capacity C0Positive pole and two-way LC
One end of resonant transform circuit is connected, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2Source electrode connect electric capacity C0Negative pole, diode Db1And Db2Play afterflow effect.
Buck-Boost conversion has two kinds of mode of operations：Buck pattern and Boost pattern.
Described Buck pattern is that energy flows to battery cell from set of cells；Described Boost pattern is energy from battery cell
Flow to set of cells.
Described Buck-Boost conversion is operated in ZVT pattern.
Described two-way LC resonant transform circuit includes eight metal-oxide-semiconductors of four brachium pontis, electric capacity, an inductance, each bridge
Two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations of arm, wherein by Q1、Q2It is defeated that the left end of the upper left brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects Buck-Boost
Output capacitance C0Positive pole, right-hand member connect inductance L；By Q3、Q4The left end of the lower-left brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects electric capacity C0's
Negative pole, right-hand member connects the negative pole of electric capacity C；In two other brachium pontis, by Q5、Q6The left end of the upper right brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition is even
Meet inductance L, right-hand member connects electric capacity C2Positive pole；By Q7、Q8The left end of the bottom right brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects the negative of electric capacity C
Pole, right-hand member connects electric capacity C2Negative pole.
Described two-way LC resonant transform circuit, under the complementary pwm signal of two states drives, is operated in charging and discharging
Two states.Especially, when the frequency of pwm signal is equal to the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, realize zero current
Switch equilibrium.
The energy stream of described two-way LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from the high one end of voltage.
Described electric capacity C1And C2It is connected in parallel on the input of Buck-Boost translation circuit and the right side of two-way LC resonant transformation respectively
End, for high-frequency ac current is filtered into unidirectional current, to reduce the infringement to battery.
A kind of above-mentioned implementation method based on Buck-Boost conversion and the equalizing circuit of two-way LC resonant transformation of application, bag
Include following steps：
Step one：Obtain battery cell voltage：Microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains electrokinetic cell each monomer electricity
Pressure, and determine highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage and corresponding battery cell label；
Step 2：Judge voltage：Microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtaining, calculates the maximum voltage of set of cells
Difference, if its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, starts equalizing circuit；
Step 3：Determine mode of operation：Calculate difference e of monomer ceiling voltage and set of cells average voltage1Minimum with monomer
Voltage and difference e of set of cells average voltage2If, e1>e2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, realize electricity
The pressure energy transfer to set of cells for the highest battery cell；If e1<e2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Buck pattern,
Realize set of cells to the energy transfer of the minimum battery cell of voltage；
Step 4：Gating battery：The mode of operation of the Buck-Boost conversion being determined according to step 3, microcontroller passes through
Decoding circuit control selections switch module is by highest monomer voltage corresponding battery list under minimum under Buck pattern or Boost pattern
Body gates to equilibrium bus；
Step 5：Energy transmission：If equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode to battery cell for the set of cells, microcontroller control
Buck-Boost translation circuit processed is operated in Buck pattern, realizes the transfer that energy converts from set of cells to Buck-Boost, and
Two-way LC resonant transformation is controlled constantly to switch between the minimum battery cell of Buck-Boost conversion and voltage, thus realizing energy
Amount transforms to the transfer of the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost；If equalizing circuit is operated in battery cell to set of cells
Balanced mode, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Boost pattern, realizes energy from Buck-Boost
Transform to the transfer of set of cells, and control two-way LC resonant transformation Buck-Boost conversion and voltage highest battery cell it
Between constantly switch, thus realizing the transfer that energy converts to Buck-Boost from voltage highest battery cell.
In described step 5, Buck-Boost conversion is operated in ZVT pattern；The PWM frequency sending when microcontroller
When rate is equal to the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, that is, all
Weighing apparatus circuit is operated in Sofe Switch state, significantly reduces switching loss.
The operation principle of the present invention is：
Microcontroller, according to the monomer battery voltage of collection, determines balanced operation pattern, and correspondingly controls Buck-
Boost conversion and selecting switch module, send a pair of complementary pwm signal of state simultaneously and control two-way LC resonant transformation constantly to cut
Change, the energy stream of LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from the high one end of voltage.Buck-Boost conversion is operated in
ZVT pattern, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, whole balancing procedure no switching loss, greatly
Improve equalization efficiency.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) Pack to Cell type equalizing circuit is suitable only for that certain batteries monomer voltage is relatively low and other batteries monomers
Voltage is in situation during poised state；Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit be suitable only for certain batteries monomer voltage higher and
Other batteries monomer voltages are in situation during poised state.The Pack to Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit of the present invention
The advantage inheriting above two equalizing circuit, can process above two equilibrium situation simultaneously, only need to 1 equilibrium in theory
Circulation enables the equilibrium of set of cells, is effectively improved balancing speed and efficiency；
(2) every time equilibrium is all the equilibrium to battery cell for the set of cells, and it is poor to obtain larger equalizing voltage, effectively overcomes
Because power electronic devices has that what conduction voltage drop caused is difficult to zero-voltage difference between battery cell, and can
Realize high current equilibrium it is adaptable to jumbo electrokinetic cell；
(3) due to Buck-Boost conversion ZVT and two-way LC resonant transformation Zero Current Switch it is achieved that
Zero switching loss in a balanced way, effectively reduces energy dissipation, improves equalization efficiency.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation of one embodiment of the present of invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the waveform principle under Buck pattern
Figure；
Fig. 3 (1) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Buck pattern
Formula 1；
Fig. 3 (2) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Buck pattern
Formula 2；
Fig. 3 (3) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Buck pattern
Formula 3；
Fig. 3 (4) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Buck pattern
Formula 4；
Fig. 3 (5) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Buck pattern
Formula 5；
Fig. 3 (6) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Buck pattern
Formula 6；
Fig. 4 is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the waveform principle under Boost pattern
Figure；
Fig. 5 (1) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Boost pattern
Formula 1；
Fig. 5 (2) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Boost pattern
Formula 2；
Fig. 5 (3) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Boost pattern
Formula 3；
Fig. 5 (4) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Boost pattern
Formula 4；
Fig. 5 (5) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Boost pattern
Formula 5；
Fig. 5 (6) is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the Working mould under Boost pattern
Formula 6；
Fig. 6 (a) is operated in for two-way LC resonant transformation under the Pack to Cell pattern of one embodiment of the present of invention and fills
The fundamental diagram of electricity condition；
Fig. 6 (b) is operated in for two-way LC resonant transformation under the Pack to Cell pattern of one embodiment of the present of invention and puts
The fundamental diagram of electricity condition；
Fig. 7 be one embodiment of the present of invention two-way LC resonant transformation be in charging and discharging currents i under resonant condition and
The principle oscillogram of capacitance voltage VC；
Fig. 8 (a) is operated in for two-way LC resonant transformation under the Cell to Pack pattern of one embodiment of the present of invention and fills
The fundamental diagram of electricity condition；
Fig. 8 (b) is operated in for two-way LC resonant transformation under the Cell to Pack pattern of one embodiment of the present of invention and puts
The fundamental diagram of electricity condition；
Fig. 9 is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the experimental waveform under Buck pattern
Figure；
Figure 10 is that the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the experimental waveform under Boost pattern
Figure；
Figure 11 be one embodiment of the present of invention Pack to Cell pattern under two-way LC resonant transformation resonance current and
The experimental waveform figure of capacitance voltage；
Figure 12 be one embodiment of the present of invention Cell to Pack pattern under two-way LC resonant transformation resonance current and
The experimental waveform figure of capacitance voltage；
Figure 13 is the equilibrium lab diagram under the electrokinetic cell resting state of one embodiment of the present of invention, wherein Boost mould
Formula 240s, Buck pattern 60s, time of repose is 20s.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
A kind of equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, female including microcontroller, equilibrium
Line, Buck-Boost translation circuit, two-way LC resonant transform circuit, selecting switch module, power battery pack and filter capacitor, its
In, microcontroller connects each monomer of set of cells by voltage detecting circuit, and battery cell is connected by selecting switch module
Equilibrium bus, equilibrium bus connects the outfan of two-way LC resonant transformation.Microcontroller is sequentially connected control by drive circuit
Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, and selecting switch module is connected by multi-channel gating switch.
Microcontroller includes pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, and wherein general purpose I/O end is divided into two
Part；A part of port at general purpose I/O end is connected with battery cell by voltage checking chip, for each battery cell is electric
Pressure is converted into digital signal, so that it is determined that voltage is minimum and highest battery cell；Another part port at general purpose I/O end is passed through
One multi-channel gating switch is connected with selecting switch module, and the minimum or ceiling voltage for decoding microcontroller determination is corresponding
Battery is numbered, and control selections switch module gates minimum for the voltage of optional position in set of cells or highest battery cell to equal
Equalized on weighing apparatus bus；Pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part is sequentially connected Buck-Boost conversion by drive circuit
Circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, for producing the control drive signal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch.
Buck-Boost translation circuit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1And Qb2, an inductance and four electric capacity compositions.Qb1And Qb2With
The mode of series connection connects, and Qb1C in parallelb1、Db1, Qb2C in parallelb2、Db2, Qb1Drain electrode connects C1Positive pole, Qb1Source electrode connects two
Bar branch road, a branch road connects metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2Drain electrode, another branch road connect inductance L1, inductance L1The other end connects electric capacity C0's
Positive pole, electric capacity C0Positive pole is connected with one end of two-way LC resonant transform circuit.Metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2Source electrode connect electric capacity C0Negative pole.
Diode Db1And Db2Play afterflow effect.
Buck-Boost conversion has two kinds of mode of operations：Buck and Boost pattern.Buck pattern is energy from set of cells stream
To battery cell；Described Boost pattern is that energy flows to set of cells from battery cell.Buck-Boost conversion is operated in no-voltage
Switching mode.
Two-way LC resonant transform circuit includes eight metal-oxide-semiconductors of four brachium pontis, electric capacity, an inductance, each brachium pontis
Two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations, wherein upper left brachium pontis is (by Q1、Q2Differential concatenation form) left end connect Buck-Boost outfan
Electric capacity C0Positive pole, right-hand member connect inductance L；Lower-left brachium pontis is (by Q3、Q4Differential concatenation form) left end connect electric capacity C0Negative
Pole, right-hand member connects the negative pole of electric capacity C；In two other brachium pontis, upper right brachium pontis is (by Q5、Q6Differential concatenation form) left end connect
Inductance L, right-hand member connects electric capacity C2Positive pole；Bottom right brachium pontis is (by Q7、Q8Differential concatenation form) left end connect electric capacity C negative pole,
Right-hand member connects electric capacity C2Negative pole.
Two-way LC resonant transform circuit, under the complementary pwm signal of two states drives, is operated in two kinds of charging and discharging
State.Especially, when the frequency of pwm signal is equal to the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, realize Zero Current Switch
Equilibrium.
The energy stream of two-way LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from the high one end of voltage.
Equalizing circuit has both of which weighing apparatus pattern：Set of cells is to the balanced mode of battery cell (Pack to Cell) and battery
The balanced mode to set of cells (Cell to Pack) for the monomer.Set of cells is microprocessor controls to the balanced mode of battery cell
Selecting switch module gates battery cell minimum for voltage to equilibrium bus, and controls Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Buck
Pattern, Buck-Boost conversion output voltage be higher than battery cell minimum voltage, balanced energy by two-way LC resonant transformation,
Transfer to the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost conversion it is achieved that energy flows to the minimum battery of voltage from set of cells
Monomer.Battery cell is microprocessor controls selecting switch module to the balanced mode of set of cells by voltage highest battery cell
Gate to equilibrium bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is low
In battery cell ceiling voltage, balanced energy, by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfers to Buck- from voltage highest battery cell
Boost converts it is achieved that balanced energy flows to set of cells from voltage highest battery cell.
Two filter capacitor C1And C2It is connected in parallel on the input of Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transformation respectively
Right-hand member, for high-frequency ac current is filtered into unidirectional current, with the less infringement to battery.
A kind of above-mentioned implementation method based on two-way LC resonant transformation and the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion of application, bag
Include following steps：
1. obtain battery cell voltage：Microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell, and
Determine highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage and corresponding battery cell label；
2. judge voltage：Microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtaining, calculates the maximum voltage difference of set of cells, if its
Difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, then start equalizing circuit；
3. determine mode of operation：Calculate difference e of monomer ceiling voltage and set of cells average voltage1With monomer minimum voltage with
Difference e of set of cells average voltage2.If e1>e2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, realize voltage highest
Energy transfer from battery cell to set of cells；If e1<e2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Buck pattern, realize electricity
Pond group is to the energy transfer of the minimum battery cell of voltage.
4. gate battery：The mode of operation of the Buck-Boost conversion being determined according to step (3), microcontroller passes through decoding
Minimum (Buck pattern) or highest (Boost pattern) the corresponding battery cell of monomer voltage are selected by circuit control selections switch module
Pass on equilibrium bus.
5. energy transmission：If equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode to battery cell for the set of cells, microprocessor controls
Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Buck pattern, realizes the transfer that energy converts from set of cells to Buck-Boost, and controls
Make two-way LC resonant transformation constantly to switch between the minimum battery cell of Buck-Boost conversion and voltage, thus realizing energy
Transform to the transfer of the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost；If equalizing circuit is operated in battery cell to set of cells
Balanced mode, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Boost pattern, realizes energy and becomes from Buck-Boost
Change to the transfer of set of cells, and control two-way LC resonant transformation between Buck-Boost conversion and voltage highest battery cell
Constantly switch, thus realizing the transfer that energy converts to Buck-Boost from voltage highest battery cell.
In described step 5, Buck-Boost conversion is operated in ZVT pattern；The PWM frequency sending when microcontroller
When rate is equal to the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, that is, all
Weighing apparatus circuit is operated in Sofe Switch state, significantly reduces switching loss.
The operation principle of the present invention is：Microcontroller, according to the monomer battery voltage of collection, determines balanced operation pattern, and
Correspondingly control Buck-Boost conversion and selecting switch module, send a pair of the complementary pwm signal control of state two-way simultaneously
LC resonant transformation constantly switches, and the energy stream of LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from the high one end of voltage.Buck-
Boost conversion is operated in ZVT pattern, and two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, whole balancing procedure
No switching loss, drastically increases equalization efficiency.
Embodiment one：
As shown in Figure 1 it is assumed that set of cells includes 4 battery cells, and assume that B21 is the minimum battery of voltage in set of cells
Monomer.
Digital Signal Processing DSP (TMS320F28335) selected by the microcontroller of equalizing circuit, has high-precision AD sampling
With PWM output；Multi-channel gating switch selects CD4051, is single digital control simulant electronic switch of 8 passages, has A, B and C tri- two
System control signal andTotally 4 inputs, have low conduction impedance and very low cut-off leakage current；Voltage detecting circuit
LTC6803-1 specialized voltages using Linear Tech measure the voltage that chip measures every batteries in set of cells in real time.
, from the relay with a pair of normally opened contact, its model HJR 1-2C L-05V, in Fig. 1 for selecting switch module
(Si1, Si2) (i=1,2,3 ..., n) it is a pair of normal open switch.Microcontroller controls it by a multi-channel gating switch CD4051
Conducting or closure.Because B3 is the minimum battery cell of voltage, selecting switch module (S41、S42) closure.
It is illustrated in figure 2 One Buck-Boost converter body and be operated in the waveform schematic diagram under Buck pattern.It is illustrated in figure 3
One Buck-Boost converter body is operated in six kinds of mode of operations under Buck pattern.
Pattern 1 (t0-t1), such as shown in Fig. 3 (1), in t=t0When Qb1No-voltage turns on, Qb2Turn off, set of cells passes through Qb1,
L1And C1Electric discharge, inductance L simultaneously1Storage energy；
Pattern 2 (t1-t2), such as shown in Fig. 3 (2), it is dead band pattern, inductance L1To Cb1Charge and be equal to V until its voltagebat,
Give C simultaneouslyb2Electric discharge is 0 until voltage；
Pattern 3 (t2-t4), such as shown in Fig. 3 (3), it is dead band pattern, inductive current iL1By diode Db2Afterflow, is Qb2
No-voltage conducting offer condition；
Pattern 4 (t4-t5), such as shown in Fig. 3 (4), Qb2In t=t4When no-voltage conducting, inductive current iL1By just becoming negative, C1
Give L simultaneously1、Qb2And ReArticle two, branch road electric discharge；
Pattern 5 (t5-t6), such as shown in Fig. 3 (5), it is dead band pattern, Qb2In t=t5When zero voltage turn-off, inductive current iL1
To Cb1Electric discharge is 0 until voltage, to Cb2Charge and be equal to V until voltagebat；
Pattern 6 (t6-t8), such as shown in Fig. 3 (6), it is dead band pattern, inductive current iL1By diode Db1Afterflow, is Qb1
No-voltage conducting offer condition.
It is illustrated in figure 4 One Buck-Boost converter body and be operated in the waveform schematic diagram under Boost pattern.It is illustrated in figure 5
One Buck-Boost converter body is operated in six kinds of mode of operations under Boost pattern.
Pattern 1 (t0-t1), such as shown in Fig. 5 (1), Qb2Conducting, Qb1Turn off, C1By L1And Qb2Electric discharge, inductance L simultaneously1Deposit
Energy storage capacity；
Pattern 2 (t1-t2), such as shown in Fig. 5 (2), it is dead band pattern, inductance L1To Cb1Electric discharge is 0 until its voltage, simultaneously
To Cb2Charge and be equal to V until voltagebat；
Pattern 3 (t2-t4), such as shown in Fig. 5 (3), also for dead band pattern, inductive current iL1By diode Db1Afterflow, be
Qb1No-voltage conducting offer condition；
Pattern 4 (t4-t5), such as shown in Fig. 5 (4), Qb1No-voltage turns on, and set of cells passes through Qb1, L1And C1Electric discharge, electricity simultaneously
Sense L1Storage energy；
Pattern 5 (t5-t6), such as shown in Fig. 5 (5), it is dead band pattern, inductance L1To Cb1Charge and be equal to V until its voltagebat,
Give C simultaneouslyb2Electric discharge is 0 until voltage；
Pattern 6 (t6-t8), such as shown in Fig. 5 (6), also for dead band pattern, inductive current iL1By diode Db2Afterflow, be
Qb2No-voltage conducting offer condition.
As shown in Fig. 6 (a), it is the operation principle of two-way LC resonance circuit under Pack to Cell balanced mode.
Work as Q1And Q3During conducting, the C of LC resonance circuit and One Buck-Boost converter body1In parallel.C1, L become one with electric capacity C-shaped
Individual resonant tank, now charges to electric capacity C, and resonance current i is the just voltage V at electric capacity C two endscBegin to ramp up until resonance is electric
Stream i is changed into negative value, as seen from Figure 10, VcThe delayed resonance current i a quarter cycle, and waveform is sine wave.Should
Moment, due to Q5-Q8It is off state, battery cell B3Open circuit, so flow into B3Electric current iB3It is zero；Because filter capacitor
C0It is connected in parallel on One Buck-Boost converter body two ends no other discharge loops, so the resonance current i flowing into LC as flows out battery
The electric current i of groupbat, and for just, therefore can get working condition as shown in Figure 7 during rated current outflow battery cell/set of cells
I battery pack current iBatAnd B3Electric current iB3Waveform.
As shown in Fig. 6 (b), work as Q5And Q7During conducting, LC resonance circuit passes through selecting switch module (S41、S41) with voltage
Low battery cell B3In parallel.B3, L become a resonant tank with C-shaped, now electric capacity C electric discharge, resonance current i is negative, electric capacity C two
The voltage V at endcBegin to decline until resonance current i be changed on the occasion of.Because set of cells is in open-circuit condition, thus flow out set of cells
Electric current iBatIt is zero；This moment resonance current i is exactly B simultaneously3Charging current, therefore available as shown in Fig. 7 state II
Battery pack current iBatAnd B3Electric current iB3Waveform.
As shown in Fig. 8 (a) -8 (b), it is the operation principle of two-way LC resonance circuit under Cell to Pack balanced mode,
Similar to operation principle under the Pack to Cell balanced mode shown in Fig. 6 (a)-(b), will not be described here.
As shown in Figures 9 and 10, it is the experimental waveform that One Buck-Boost converter body is operated under Buck and Boost pattern respectively
Figure.It can be seen that Qb1And Qb2It is operated in ZVT state, greatly reduce switching loss.
As shown in FIG. 11 and 12, it is that two-way LC resonance circuit is operated in Pack to Cell and Cell to Pack mould respectively
Experimental waveform figure under formula.It can be seen that Q1-Q8It is operated in Zero Current Switch state, greatly reduce switching loss.
As shown in figure 13, be the present embodiment electrokinetic cell resting state under portfolio effect figure, one of equilibrium week
In phase, Boost mode time is 240s, and Buck mode time is 60s, and time of repose is 20s.Each battery cell in set of cells
Initial voltage is respectively VB0=3.221V, VB1=3.110V, VB2=3.105V, VB3=2.721V.It is Cell to Pack first
Balanced mode, then switch to the balanced mode of Pack to Cell in 3490s, switch to Cell in 3570s again
The balanced mode of Pack, then switches to the balanced mode of Pack to Cell again in 4200s, approximately pass through 5500s when
Between it is achieved that the zero-voltage difference equilibrium of each battery cell is it was demonstrated that the effectiveness of this equalizing circuit in set of cells.
Although the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines is described to the specific embodiment of the present invention, not model is protected to the present invention
The restriction enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme, and those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay the various modifications that creative work can make or deformation still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, is characterized in that including microcontroller, equilibrium
Bus, Buck-Boost translation circuit, two-way LC resonant transform circuit, selecting switch module, power battery pack, wherein, micro-control
Device processed connects each monomer of set of cells by voltage detecting circuit, and battery cell passes through selecting switch module and connects equilibrium mother
Line, equilibrium bus connects the outfan of two-way LC resonant transformation, and microcontroller is sequentially connected control Buck- by drive circuit
Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, and selecting switch module is connected by multi-channel gating switch；
Described equalizing circuit has both of which weighing apparatus pattern：Set of cells is balanced mode and the battery of Pack to Cell to battery cell
Monomer is the balanced mode of Cell to Pack to set of cells；
Described set of cells is microprocessor controls selecting switch module to the balanced mode of battery cell by battery minimum for voltage
Monomer gates to equilibrium bus, and controls Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in the output voltage of Buck Mode B uck-Boost conversion
Higher than battery cell minimum voltage, balanced energy, by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfers to voltage from Buck-Boost conversion
Low battery cell is it is achieved that energy flows to the minimum battery cell of voltage from set of cells；
Described battery cell is microprocessor controls selecting switch module to the balanced mode of set of cells by voltage highest battery
Monomer gates to equilibrium bus, and controls Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, the output electricity of Buck-Boost conversion
Force down in battery cell ceiling voltage, balanced energy, by two-way LC resonant transformation, is transferred to from voltage highest battery cell
Buck-Boost converts it is achieved that balanced energy flows to set of cells from voltage highest battery cell；
Determine balanced operation pattern, difference e1 of calculating monomer ceiling voltage and set of cells average voltage and monomer minimum voltage and electricity
Difference e2 of pond group average voltage, if e1>E2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, realize voltage highest
Battery cell is to the energy transfer of set of cells；If e1<E2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Buck pattern, realize electricity
Pond group is to the energy transfer of the minimum battery cell of voltage；
Described Buck-Boost translation circuit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1And Qb2, an inductance and four electric capacity compositions, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1With
Qb2It is connected in series to, and metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1Shunt capacitance Cb1, diode Db1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2Shunt capacitance Cb2, diode
Db2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1Drain electrode connects electric capacity C1Positive pole, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb1Source electrode connects two branch roads, and a branch road connects metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2's
Drain electrode, another branch road connects inductance L1, inductance L1The other end connects electric capacity C0Positive pole, electric capacity C0Positive pole and two-way LC resonance
One end of translation circuit is connected, metal-oxide-semiconductor Qb2Source electrode connect electric capacity C0Negative pole, diode Db1And Db2Play afterflow effect.
2. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described microcontroller includes pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, and wherein general purpose I/O end includes two parts；
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part is sequentially connected Buck-Boost translation circuit by drive circuit and two-way LC is humorous
Shake translation circuit, for producing the control drive signal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch；Voltage is passed through in a part of port at described general purpose I/O end
Detection chip is connected with battery cell, for each battery cell voltage conversion is become digital signal, so that it is determined that voltage is minimum
With highest battery cell；A multi-channel gating switch and selecting switch mould are passed through in another part port at described general purpose I/O end
Block connects, and for decoding the minimum or ceiling voltage corresponding battery numbering of microcontroller determination, control selections switch module will
In set of cells, the voltage of optional position is minimum or highest battery cell gates and equalized to equilibrium bus.
3. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Buck-Boost translation circuit has two kinds of mode of operations：Buck and Boost pattern；Described Buck pattern is energy from set of cells
Flow to battery cell；Described Boost pattern is that energy flows to set of cells from battery cell；Described Buck-Boost change changes jobs
In ZVT pattern.
4. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described two-way LC resonant transform circuit includes eight metal-oxide-semiconductors of four brachium pontis, electric capacity, an inductance, two of each brachium pontis
Metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenation, the left end of the upper left brachium pontis being wherein made up of Q1, Q2 differential concatenation connects Buck-Boost output capacitor
The positive pole of C0, right-hand member connects inductance L；The left end of the lower-left brachium pontis being made up of Q3, Q4 differential concatenation connects the negative pole of electric capacity C0, right
End connects the negative pole of electric capacity C；In two other brachium pontis, the left end of the upper right brachium pontis being made up of Q5, Q6 differential concatenation connects inductance
L, right-hand member connects the positive pole of electric capacity C2；The left end of the bottom right brachium pontis being made up of Q7, Q8 differential concatenation connects the negative pole of electric capacity C, right
End connects the negative pole of electric capacity C2.
5. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described two-way LC resonant transform circuit, under the complementary pwm signal of two states drives, is operated in charging and discharging two states；
When the frequency of pwm signal is equal to the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium.
6. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation as described in claim 4 or 5, its feature
It is that the energy stream of described two-way LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from the high one end of voltage.
7. the equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that,
Described electric capacity C1 and C2 is connected in parallel on the input of Buck-Boost translation circuit and the right-hand member of two-way LC resonant transformation respectively, is used for
High-frequency ac current is filtered into unidirectional current, to reduce the infringement to battery.
8. the arbitrary described equilibrium electricity based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation of application the claims 1-7
The implementation method on road, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Obtain battery cell voltage：Microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell,
And determine highest monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage and corresponding battery cell label；
Step 2：Judge voltage：Microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtaining, calculates the maximum voltage difference of set of cells, if
Its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, then start equalizing circuit；
Step 3：Determine mode of operation：Difference e1 of calculating monomer ceiling voltage and set of cells average voltage and monomer minimum voltage
With difference e2 of set of cells average voltage, if e1>E2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Boost pattern, realize voltage
High battery cell is to the energy transfer of set of cells；If e1<E2, then control Buck-Boost conversion to be operated in Buck pattern, real
The existing energy transfer to the minimum battery cell of voltage for the set of cells；
Step 4：Gating battery：According to step（3）The mode of operation of the Buck-Boost conversion determining, microcontroller passes through to translate
Code circuit control selections switch module is by the corresponding battery cell of highest monomer voltage under minimum under Buck pattern or Boost pattern
Gate to equilibrium bus；
Step 5：Energy transmission：If equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode to battery cell for the set of cells, microprocessor controls
Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Buck pattern, realizes the transfer that energy converts from set of cells to Buck-Boost, and controls
Make two-way LC resonant transformation constantly to switch between the minimum battery cell of Buck-Boost conversion and voltage, thus realizing energy
Transform to the transfer of the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost；If equalizing circuit is operated in battery cell to set of cells
Balanced mode, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Boost pattern, realizes energy and becomes from Buck-Boost
Change to the transfer of set of cells, and control two-way LC resonant transformation between Buck-Boost conversion and voltage highest battery cell
Constantly switch, thus realizing the transfer that energy converts to Buck-Boost from voltage highest battery cell；Buck-Boost becomes
Change jobs in ZVT pattern；When the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends is equal to the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation
During rate, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, and that is, equalizing circuit is operated in Sofe Switch state, reduces switch
Loss.
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