CN104410133A - Equalization circuit based on Buck-Boost convertor and bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as implementation method - Google Patents
Equalization circuit based on Buck-Boost convertor and bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104410133A CN104410133A CN201410798873.1A CN201410798873A CN104410133A CN 104410133 A CN104410133 A CN 104410133A CN 201410798873 A CN201410798873 A CN 201410798873A CN 104410133 A CN104410133 A CN 104410133A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
Abstract
The invention discloses an equalization circuit based on a Buck-Boost convertor and a bidirectional LC (inductance capacitance) resonant convertor as well as an implementation method. The equalization circuit comprises a microcontroller, the Buck-Boost convertor, the bidirectional LC resonant convertor, an option switch module, an equalization busbar, a battery pack and filter capacitors. According to the equalization circuit, by means of control of output voltage of the Buck-Boost convertor as well as the bidirectional LC resonant convertor, soft switching equalization of Pack to Cell or Cell to Pack can be realized, the equalization circuit has the advantages of high efficiency, simplicity in control, small size, switching loss avoidance, easiness in modularization and the like, and the defect that the traditional Pack to Cell equalization circuit cannot deal with the condition that certain cell in a pack has higher voltage while other cells are in equalization is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on Buck-Boost conversion and the equalizing circuit of two-way LC resonant transformation and implementation method.
Background technology
The whole world is faced with the unprecedented energy and environmental crisis, enjoys World Focusing.Electric automobile has the feature of energy-conserving and environment-protective, is the critical path solving this major crisis, has become the inexorable trend of future automobile industrial development.Extensive electric motor car will be the mainstay of the third time industrial revolution (energy the Internet) as mobile energy storing devices.And lithium ion battery is because of its high-energy-density, low discharge rate with do not have memory effect, be widely used in electric automobile and hybrid-electric car as power source.But be subject to the limitation of the technology of cell manufacturing techniques and power-supply management system, in electrokinetic cell use procedure, need the multistage connection in series-parallel of a large amount of monomer can provide enough supply power voltages and driving power.But when this kind of serial battery uses, easily because the unbalanced problem of capacity causes the overcharge of percentage of batteries monomer and overdischarge, greatly have impact on useful life and the fail safe of power battery pack.Therefore, balanced management must be carried out to battery pack.Obviously, as one of the key technology of battery management system, the efficient balance of series battery has become a study hotspot.
Equalizing circuit is different from the power electronics topology of other field, has higher requirement to the volume of circuit, efficiency, tube voltage drop and isolation etc.Equalizing circuit finally will be applied in electric automobile, and therefore the volume of equalizing circuit can not be too large; The object of equalizing circuit is the equilibrium being realized battery in battery pack monomer voltage by a converter, and the efficiency of converter can not be too low, otherwise not only can not play balanced effect, on the contrary can by the energy ezpenditure of battery pack totally; Battery pack is composed in series by battery cell, proposes very high requirement to the isolation of equalizing circuit, if the isolation of equalizing circuit is bad, battery short circuit, blast, the safety hazards such as on fire can occur; Electric automobile power battery group is made up of several battery modules, therefore requires that equalizing circuit also can modularization; Balance route algorithm should have convergence, battery cell voltage converges can be made to mean value, otherwise not only can not reach portfolio effect, also can cause the waste of energy.
At present, equalization methods mainly contains dissipative equalization, nondissipative equalization and battery and selects three major types.
Dissipative equalization by carrying out electric discharge shunting to battery cell each in battery pack dissipating device in parallel, thus realizes the equilibrium of cell voltage.Dissipation equilibrium is divided into again two classes further: passive equilibrium and active equalization.Dissipation equalizing structure is simple with control, cost is low, but there is the problem of energy dissipation and heat management.
Non-dissipation equilibrium adopts electric capacity, inductance etc. as energy-storage travelling wave tube, utilizes common power converting circuit as underlying topology, takes the structure of disperseing or concentrating, realize unidirectional or two-way equalization scheme.The problems such as non-dissipation equalizing circuit exists circuit structure complexity, volume is large, cost is high, time for balance is long, high switching loss.According to energy flow, non-dissipation equilibrium can be divided into following five kinds: (1) Cell to Cell; (2) Cell to Pack; (3) Pack to Cell; (4) Pack to Cell to Pack; (5) Any Cellsto Any Cells.For the equalization methods of Pack to Cell, energy directly can transfer to the minimum battery cell of voltage from whole battery pack, larger euqalizing current can be realized, but this method is suitable only for a certain in battery pack or some batteries monomer voltages lower than other batteries monomer voltages, and other batteries monomer voltages are in the situation of poised state; Be not suitable for a certain or some batteries monomer voltages higher than other batteries monomer voltages, and other batteries monomer voltages are in the situation of poised state.For the equalization methods of Pack to Cell to Pack, can either realize the equilibrium of battery pack to battery cell, can realize again the equilibrium of battery cell to battery pack, balanced way is more flexible, there is higher equalization efficiency, be suitable for jumbo electrokinetic cell.
Battery selects the balanced battery cell referring to that selectivity is consistent by experiment to build battery pack, generally has two step screening processes.The first step, under different discharging currents, selects the battery cell that battery average size is close; Second step, in the battery cell of first step screening, selects the battery cell with close cell voltage variable quantity by pulse charge and discharge experiment under different SOC.Because the self-discharge rate of battery cell is not quite similar, battery selects balanced being not enough in the whole life cycle of battery to keep battery pack always balanced.It can only supplement equalization methods as the one of other equalization methods.
Chinese invention patent (patent No. ZL201420264864.X and application number 201410218975.1) discloses a kind of Pack to Cell equalizing circuit based on LC resonant transformation and implementation method, it can voltage is minimum in real-time judge battery pack battery cell, and Zero Current Switch equilibrium is carried out to it, each equilibrium is all carry out for the battery cell that voltage in battery pack is minimum, improve equalization efficiency, effectively reduce the inconsistency between battery cell.But, in this equalizing circuit, when a certain batteries monomer voltage is lower, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, at this moment need once to switch and just can complete equilibrium; When a certain batteries monomer voltage is higher, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, need to switch circulation for n-1 time and just can complete equilibrium.Therefore, Pack to Cell type equalizing circuit is on average needed to switch circulation n/2 time, balancing speed is slower, efficiency is lower, be suitable only for a certain in battery pack or some batteries monomer voltages are lower and other batteries monomer voltages are in the situation of poised state, be not suitable for the situation that higher and other batteries monomer voltages of a certain or some batteries monomer voltages are in poised state.And for Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit, when a certain batteries monomer voltage is higher, and when other batteries monomer voltages are in poised state, need 1 switching just can complete equilibrium; When a certain batteries monomer voltage is lower, and other batteries monomer voltages are when being in poised state, need to switch circulation for n-1 time and just can complete equilibrium, therefore, Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit on average needs to switch circulation n/2 time, balancing speed is slow, efficiency is lower, the method is suitable only for that battery pack is a certain or some batteries monomer voltages are higher and other batteries monomer voltages are in the situation of poised state, is not suitable for the situation that lower and other batteries monomer voltages of a certain or some batteries monomer voltages are in poised state.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention discloses a kind of based on two-way LC resonant transformation and Buck-Boost conversion equalizing circuit and implementation method, comprise microcontroller, Buck-Boost conversion, two-way LC resonant transformation, selector switch module, balanced bus, power battery pack and filter capacitor.The output voltage that circuit of the present invention is converted by control Buck-Boost, and by means of two-way LC resonant transformation, battery pack can be realized balanced to the Sofe Switch of battery pack (Cell toPack) to battery cell (Pack to Cell) or battery cell.The present invention have efficiency high, control simple, circuit volume is little, without switching loss be easy to the advantages such as modularization, and overcome conventional P ack to Cell equalizing circuit and Cell to Pack equalizing circuit is difficult to the situation that certain batteries monomer voltage in treatment of battery group is higher or certain batteries monomer is lower and other batteries monomers balance.
For achieving the above object, concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on Buck-Boost conversion and the equalizing circuit of two-way LC resonant transformation, comprise microcontroller, balanced bus, Buck-Boost translation circuit, two-way LC resonant transform circuit, selector switch module and power battery pack, wherein, microcontroller connects each monomer of battery pack by voltage detecting circuit, battery cell is by the balanced bus of selector switch model calling, balanced bus connects the output of two-way LC resonant transformation, microcontroller is by drive circuit connection control Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit successively, and connect selector switch module by multi-channel gating switch,
Described equalizing circuit has two kinds of balanced mode: battery pack is to the balanced mode of battery cell and Pack to Cell and the battery cell balanced mode to battery pack and Cell to Pack;
Described battery pack to the balanced mode of battery cell and microprocessor controls selector switch module by battery cell gating minimum for voltage to balanced bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Buck pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is higher than battery cell minimum voltage, balanced energy is by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfer to the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost conversion, achieve energy and flow to the minimum battery cell of voltage from battery pack;
Described battery cell to the balanced mode of battery pack and microprocessor controls selector switch module by battery cell gating the highest for voltage to balanced bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Boost pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is lower than battery cell ceiling voltage, balanced energy is by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfer to Buck-Boost conversion from the battery cell that voltage is the highest, achieve balanced energy and flow to battery pack from the battery cell that voltage is the highest.
Described microcontroller comprises general purpose I/O end and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, and wherein general purpose I/O end is divided into two parts;
A part of port of described general purpose I/O end is connected with battery cell by voltage checking chip, for each battery cell voltage transitions is become digital signal, thus determines the battery cell that voltage is minimum and the highest;
Another part port of described general purpose I/O end is by a multi-channel gating switch and selector switch model calling, the battery numbering that the minimum or ceiling voltage determined for decoding microcontroller is corresponding, controls selector switch module and carries out equilibrium by battery cell gating minimum or the highest for the voltage of optional position in battery pack to balanced bus;
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, for generation of the control drive singal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch successively by drive circuit.
Described Buck-Boost translation circuit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1and Q
b2, an inductance and four electric capacity compositions, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1and Q
b2connect in the mode of series connection, and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1shunt capacitance C
b1, diode D
b1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2shunt capacitance C
b2, diode D
b2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1drain electrode connects electric capacity C
1positive pole, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1source electrode connects two branch roads, and a branch road connects metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2drain electrode, another branch road connect inductance L
1, inductance L
1the other end connects electric capacity C
0positive pole, electric capacity C
0positive pole is connected with one end of two-way LC resonant transform circuit, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2source electrode connect electric capacity C
0negative pole, diode D
b1and D
b2play afterflow effect.
Buck-Boost conversion has two kinds of mode of operations: Buck pattern and Boost pattern.
Described Buck pattern and energy flow to battery cell from battery pack; Described Boost pattern and energy flow to battery pack from battery cell.
Described Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern.
Described two-way LC resonant transform circuit comprises four brachium pontis, eight metal-oxide-semiconductors, electric capacity, an inductance, and two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations of each brachium pontis, wherein by Q
1, Q
2the left end of the upper left brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects Buck-Boost output capacitor C
0positive pole, right-hand member connect inductance L; By Q
3, Q
4the left end of the lower-left brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects electric capacity C
0negative pole, right-hand member connects the negative pole of electric capacity C; In two other brachium pontis, by Q
5, Q
6the left end of the upper right brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects inductance L, and right-hand member connects electric capacity C
2positive pole; By Q
7, Q
8the left end of the bottom right brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects the negative pole of electric capacity C, and right-hand member connects electric capacity C
2negative pole.
Described two-way LC resonant transform circuit, under the pwm signal of two state complementations drives, is operated in charging and discharging two states.Especially, when the frequency of pwm signal equals the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, Zero Current Switch equilibrium is realized.
The energy flow of described two-way LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from one end that voltage is high.
Described electric capacity C
1and C
2be connected in parallel on the input of Buck-Boost translation circuit and the right-hand member of two-way LC resonant transformation respectively, for high-frequency ac current is filtered into direct current, to reduce the infringement to battery.
Apply the above-mentioned implementation method of equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, comprise the following steps:
Step one: obtain battery cell voltage: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell, and the battery cell label determining most high monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage and correspondence;
Step 2: judge voltage: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, calculates the maximum voltage difference of battery pack, if its difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value, then starts equalizing circuit;
Step 3: determine mode of operation: the difference e calculating monomer ceiling voltage and battery pack average voltage
1with the difference e of monomer minimum voltage and battery pack average voltage
2if, e
1>e
2, then control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Boost pattern, realizes the energy trasfer of the highest battery cell of voltage to battery pack; If e
1<e
2, then control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Buck pattern, realizes the energy trasfer of battery pack to the minimum battery cell of voltage;
Step 4: gating battery: the mode of operation of the Buck-Boost conversion determined according to step 3, microcontroller controls selector switch module by battery cell gating corresponding for high monomer voltage most under minimum under Buck pattern or Boost pattern to balanced bus by decoding circuit;
Step 5: energy transferring: if equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode of battery pack to battery cell, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Buck pattern, realize the transfer that energy converts from battery pack to Buck-Boost, and control two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switch between Buck-Boost conversion and the minimum battery cell of voltage, thus realize energy transforms to the minimum battery cell of voltage transfer from Buck-Boost; If equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode of battery cell to battery pack, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Boost pattern, realize energy transforms to battery pack transfer from Buck-Boost, and control two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switch between Buck-Boost conversion and the highest battery cell of voltage, thus realize the transfer that energy converts from the battery cell that voltage is the highest to Buck-Boost.
In described step 5, Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern; When the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends equals the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, and namely equalizing circuit is operated in Sofe Switch state, significantly reduces switching loss.
Operation principle of the present invention is:
Microcontroller is according to the monomer battery voltage gathered, determine balanced operation pattern, and correspondingly control Buck-Boost converts and selector switch module, the pwm signal simultaneously sending a pair state complementation controls two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switches, and the energy flow of LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from one end that voltage is high.Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern, and two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, and whole balancing procedure, without switching loss, drastically increases equalization efficiency.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) Pack to Cell type equalizing circuit is suitable only for situation when lower and other batteries monomer voltages of certain batteries monomer voltage are in poised state; Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit is suitable only for situation when higher and other batteries monomer voltages of certain batteries monomer voltage are in poised state.Pack to Cell to Pack type equalizing circuit of the present invention inherits the advantage of above-mentioned two kinds of equalizing circuits, above-mentioned two kinds of equilibrium situation can be processed simultaneously, only need the equilibrium that 1 time equalization cycle can realize battery pack in theory, effectively improve balancing speed and efficiency;
(2) each equilibrium is all the equilibrium of battery pack to battery cell, obtain larger equalizing voltage poor, effectively overcome because power electronic device exists the problem being difficult to realize zero-voltage difference between battery cell that conduction voltage drop causes, and big current equilibrium can be realized, be applicable to jumbo electrokinetic cell;
(3) due to the zero voltage switch of Buck-Boost conversion and the Zero Current Switch of two-way LC resonant transformation, achieve balanced Zero switching loss, effectively reduce energy dissipation, improve equalization efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the equalizing circuit schematic diagram of converting based on Buck-Boost of one embodiment of the present of invention and two-way LC resonant transformation;
Fig. 2 is the waveform schematic diagram under the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in Buck pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 3 (1) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 1 under Buck pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 3 (2) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 2 under Buck pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 3 (3) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 3 under Buck pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 3 (4) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 4 under Buck pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 3 (5) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 5 under Buck pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 3 (6) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 6 under Buck pattern;
Fig. 4 is the waveform schematic diagram under the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in Boost pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 5 (1) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 1 under Boost pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 5 (2) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 2 under Boost pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 5 (3) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 3 under Boost pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 5 (4) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 4 under Boost pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 5 (5) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 5 under Boost pattern;
The One Buck-Boost converter body that Fig. 5 (6) is one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in the mode of operation 6 under Boost pattern;
Under the Pack to Cell pattern that Fig. 6 (a) is one embodiment of the present of invention, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in the fundamental diagram of charged state;
Under the Pack to Cell pattern that Fig. 6 (b) is one embodiment of the present of invention, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in the fundamental diagram of discharge condition;
Fig. 7 is the principle oscillogram that the two-way LC resonant transformation of one embodiment of the present of invention is in charging and discharging currents i under resonance condition and capacitance voltage VC;
Under the Cell to Pack pattern that Fig. 8 (a) is one embodiment of the present of invention, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in the fundamental diagram of charged state;
Under the Cell to Pack pattern that Fig. 8 (b) is one embodiment of the present of invention, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in the fundamental diagram of discharge condition;
Fig. 9 is the experimental waveform figure under the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in Buck pattern;
Figure 10 is the experimental waveform figure under the One Buck-Boost converter body of one embodiment of the present of invention is operated in Boost pattern;
Figure 11 is the experimental waveform figure of two-way LC resonant transformation resonance current and capacitance voltage under the Pack to Cell pattern of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 12 is the experimental waveform figure of two-way LC resonant transformation resonance current and capacitance voltage under the Cell to Pack pattern of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Figure 13 is the balanced lab diagram under the electrokinetic cell inactive state of one embodiment of the present of invention, wherein Boost pattern 240s, Buck pattern 60s, and time of repose is 20s.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
A kind of based on Buck-Boost conversion and the equalizing circuit of two-way LC resonant transformation, comprise microcontroller, balanced bus, Buck-Boost translation circuit, two-way LC resonant transform circuit, selector switch module, power battery pack and filter capacitor, wherein, microcontroller connects each monomer of battery pack by voltage detecting circuit, battery cell is by the balanced bus of selector switch model calling, and balanced bus connects the output of two-way LC resonant transformation.Microcontroller by drive circuit connection control Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit successively, and connects selector switch module by multi-channel gating switch.
Microcontroller comprises pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, and wherein general purpose I/O end is divided into two parts; A part of port of general purpose I/O end is connected with battery cell by voltage checking chip, for each battery cell voltage transitions is become digital signal, thus determines the battery cell that voltage is minimum and the highest; Another part port of general purpose I/O end is by a multi-channel gating switch and selector switch model calling, the battery numbering that the minimum or ceiling voltage determined for decoding microcontroller is corresponding, controls selector switch module and carries out equilibrium by battery cell gating minimum or the highest for the voltage of optional position in battery pack to balanced bus; Pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, for generation of the control drive singal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch successively by drive circuit.
Buck-Boost translation circuit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1and Q
b2, an inductance and four electric capacity compositions.Q
b1and Q
b2connect in the mode of series connection, and Q
b1c in parallel
b1, D
b1, Q
b2c in parallel
b2, D
b2, Q
b1drain electrode connects C
1positive pole, Q
b1source electrode connects two branch roads, and a branch road connects metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2drain electrode, another branch road connect inductance L
1, inductance L
1the other end connects electric capacity C
0positive pole, electric capacity C
0positive pole is connected with one end of two-way LC resonant transform circuit.Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2source electrode connect electric capacity C
0negative pole.Diode D
b1and D
b2play afterflow effect.
Buck-Boost conversion has two kinds of mode of operations: Buck and Boost pattern.Buck pattern and energy flow to battery cell from battery pack; Described Boost pattern and energy flow to battery pack from battery cell.Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern.
Two-way LC resonant transform circuit comprises four brachium pontis, eight metal-oxide-semiconductors, electric capacity, an inductance, and two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations of each brachium pontis, wherein upper left brachium pontis is (by Q
1, Q
2differential concatenation forms) left end connect Buck-Boost output capacitor C
0positive pole, right-hand member connect inductance L; Lower-left brachium pontis is (by Q
3, Q
4differential concatenation forms) left end connect electric capacity C
0negative pole, right-hand member connects the negative pole of electric capacity C; In two other brachium pontis, upper right brachium pontis is (by Q
5, Q
6differential concatenation forms) left end connect inductance L, right-hand member connects electric capacity C
2positive pole; Bottom right brachium pontis is (by Q
7, Q
8differential concatenation forms) left end connect the negative pole of electric capacity C, right-hand member connects electric capacity C
2negative pole.
Two-way LC resonant transform circuit, under the pwm signal of two state complementations drives, is operated in charging and discharging two states.Especially, when the frequency of pwm signal equals the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, Zero Current Switch equilibrium is realized.
The energy flow of two-way LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from one end that voltage is high.
Equalizing circuit has two kinds of balanced mode: battery pack to the balanced mode of battery cell (Pack to Cell) and battery cell to the balanced mode of battery pack (Cell to Pack).Battery pack to the balanced mode of battery cell and microprocessor controls selector switch module by battery cell gating minimum for voltage to balanced bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Buck pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is higher than battery cell minimum voltage, balanced energy is by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfer to the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost conversion, achieve energy and flow to the minimum battery cell of voltage from battery pack.Battery cell to the balanced mode of battery pack and microprocessor controls selector switch module by battery cell gating the highest for voltage to balanced bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Boost pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is lower than battery cell ceiling voltage, balanced energy is by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfer to Buck-Boost conversion from the battery cell that voltage is the highest, achieve balanced energy and flow to battery pack from the battery cell that voltage is the highest.
Two filter capacitor C
1and C
2be connected in parallel on the input of Buck-Boost translation circuit and the right-hand member of two-way LC resonant transformation respectively, for high-frequency ac current is filtered into direct current, with the less infringement to battery.
Apply the above-mentioned implementation method of equalizing circuit based on two-way LC resonant transformation and Buck-Boost conversion, comprise the following steps:
1. obtain battery cell voltage: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell, and determine the battery cell label of most high monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage and correspondence;
2. judge voltage: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, calculates the maximum voltage difference of battery pack, if its difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value, then starts equalizing circuit;
3. determine mode of operation: the difference e calculating monomer ceiling voltage and battery pack average voltage
1with the difference e of monomer minimum voltage and battery pack average voltage
2.If e
1>e
2, then control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Boost pattern, realizes the energy trasfer of the highest battery cell of voltage to battery pack; If e
1<e
2, then control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Buck pattern, realizes the energy trasfer of battery pack to the minimum battery cell of voltage.
4. gating battery: the mode of operation of the Buck-Boost conversion determined according to step (3), microcontroller controls selector switch module by minimum (Buck pattern) or battery cell gating corresponding to the highest (Boost pattern) monomer voltage to balanced bus by decoding circuit.
5. energy transferring: if equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode of battery pack to battery cell, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Buck pattern, realize the transfer that energy converts from battery pack to Buck-Boost, and control two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switch between Buck-Boost conversion and the minimum battery cell of voltage, thus realize energy transforms to the minimum battery cell of voltage transfer from Buck-Boost; If equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode of battery cell to battery pack, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Boost pattern, realize energy transforms to battery pack transfer from Buck-Boost, and control two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switch between Buck-Boost conversion and the highest battery cell of voltage, thus realize the transfer that energy converts from the battery cell that voltage is the highest to Buck-Boost.
In described step 5, Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern; When the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends equals the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, and namely equalizing circuit is operated in Sofe Switch state, significantly reduces switching loss.
Operation principle of the present invention is: microcontroller is according to the monomer battery voltage gathered, determine balanced operation pattern, and correspondingly control Buck-Boost converts and selector switch module, the pwm signal simultaneously sending a pair state complementation controls two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switches, and the energy flow of LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from one end that voltage is high.Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern, and two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, and whole balancing procedure, without switching loss, drastically increases equalization efficiency.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, suppose that battery pack comprises 4 battery cells, and suppose that B21 is the battery cell that in battery pack, voltage is minimum.
Digital Signal Processing DSP (TMS320F28335) selected by the microcontroller of equalizing circuit, has high-precision AD sampling and PWM output; Multi-channel gating switch selects CD4051, is single 8 passages numeral control simulation electronic switches, have A, B and C tri-binary system control input ends and
totally 4 inputs, have low conduction impedance and very low cut-off leakage current; Voltage detecting circuit adopts the LTC6803-1 specialized voltages of Linear Tech measurement chip to measure the voltage of every batteries in battery pack in real time.
Selector switch module selects the relay with a pair normally opened contact, and its model is HJR 1-2C L-05V, (S in Fig. 1
i1, S
i2) (i=1,2,3 ..., n) be a pair normal open switch.Microcontroller controls its conducting or closed by a multi-channel gating switch CD4051.Because B3 is the battery cell that voltage is minimum, selector switch module (S
41, S
42) closed.
Be illustrated in figure 2 One Buck-Boost converter body be operated in Buck pattern under waveform schematic diagram.Be illustrated in figure 3 One Buck-Boost converter body be operated in Buck pattern under six kinds of mode of operations.
Pattern 1 (t
0-t
1), as shown in Fig. 3 (1), at t=t
0time Q
b1no-voltage conducting, Q
b2turn off, battery pack passes through Q
b1, L
1and C
1electric discharge, simultaneously inductance L
1stored energy;
Pattern 2 (t
1-t
2), as shown in Fig. 3 (2), be dead band pattern, inductance L
1to C
b1charging is until its voltage equals V
bat, give C simultaneously
b2electric discharge is until voltage is 0;
Mode 3 (t
2-t
4), as shown in Fig. 3 (3), be dead band pattern, inductive current i
l1by diode D
b2afterflow is Q
b2no-voltage conducting condition is provided;
Pattern 4 (t
4-t
5), as shown in Fig. 3 (4), Q
b2at t=t
4time no-voltage conducting, inductive current i
l1by just becoming negative, C
1give L simultaneously
1, Q
b2and R
earticle two, branch road electric discharge;
Pattern 5 (t
5-t
6), as shown in Fig. 3 (5), be dead band pattern, Q
b2at t=t
5time zero voltage turn-off, inductive current i
l1to C
b1electric discharge is until voltage is 0, to C
b2charging is until voltage equals V
bat;
Pattern 6 (t
6-t
8), as shown in Fig. 3 (6), be dead band pattern, inductive current i
l1by diode D
b1afterflow is Q
b1no-voltage conducting condition is provided.
Be illustrated in figure 4 One Buck-Boost converter body be operated in Boost pattern under waveform schematic diagram.Be illustrated in figure 5 One Buck-Boost converter body be operated in Boost pattern under six kinds of mode of operations.
Pattern 1 (t
0-t
1), as shown in Fig. 5 (1), Q
b2conducting, Q
b1turn off, C
1pass through L
1and Q
b2electric discharge, simultaneously inductance L
1stored energy;
Pattern 2 (t
1-t
2), as shown in Fig. 5 (2), be dead band pattern, inductance L
1to C
b1electric discharge, until its voltage is 0, gives C simultaneously
b2charging is until voltage equals V
bat;
Mode 3 (t
2-t
4), as shown in Fig. 5 (3), be also dead band pattern, inductive current i
l1by diode D
b1afterflow is Q
b1no-voltage conducting condition is provided;
Pattern 4 (t
4-t
5), as shown in Fig. 5 (4), Q
b1no-voltage conducting, battery pack passes through Q
b1, L
1and C
1electric discharge, simultaneously inductance L
1stored energy;
Pattern 5 (t
5-t
6), as shown in Fig. 5 (5), be dead band pattern, inductance L
1to C
b1charging is until its voltage equals V
bat, give C simultaneously
b2electric discharge is until voltage is 0;
Pattern 6 (t
6-t
8), as shown in Fig. 5 (6), be also dead band pattern, inductive current i
l1by diode D
b2afterflow is Q
b2no-voltage conducting condition is provided.
As shown in Fig. 6 (a), under Pack to Cell balanced mode, the operation principle of two-way LC resonant circuit.
Work as Q
1and Q
3during conducting, the C of LC resonant circuit and One Buck-Boost converter body
1in parallel.C
1, L and electric capacity C forms a resonant tank, now charge to electric capacity C, resonance current i is just, the voltage V at electric capacity C two ends
cstart to rise until resonance current i becomes negative value, as seen from Figure 10, V
cdelayed resonance current i tetra-/one-period, and waveform is sine wave.This moment, due to Q
5-Q
8be in off state, battery cell B
3open circuit, so flow into B
3current i
b3be zero; Because filter capacitor C
0be connected in parallel on One Buck-Boost converter body two ends without other discharge loops, so the resonance current i flowing into LC is the current i flowing out battery pack
bat, and be just during rated current outflow battery cell/battery pack, therefore can obtain the battery pack current i of operating state I as shown in Figure 7
batand B
3current i
b3waveform.
As shown in Fig. 6 (b), work as Q
5and Q
7during conducting, LC resonant circuit is by selector switch module (S
41, S
41) with the minimum battery cell B of voltage
3in parallel.B
3, L and C form a resonant tank, now electric capacity C discharges, and resonance current i is negative, the voltage V at electric capacity C two ends
cstart decline until resonance current i become on the occasion of.Because battery pack is in open-circuit condition, therefore flow out the current i of battery pack
batbe zero; Resonance current i is exactly B this moment simultaneously
3charging current, therefore can obtain the battery pack current i as shown in Fig. 7 state II
batand B
3current i
b3waveform.
As shown in Fig. 8 (a)-8 (b), for under Cell to Pack balanced mode, the operation principle of two-way LC resonant circuit, is similar to operation principle under the Pack to Cell balanced mode shown in Fig. 6 (a)-(b), does not repeat them here.
As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the experimental waveform figure under Buck and Boost pattern is operated in respectively for One Buck-Boost converter body.Therefrom Q can be found out
b1and Q
b2be operated in zero voltage switch state, greatly reduce switching loss.
As shown in FIG. 11 and 12, for two-way LC resonant circuit is operated in the experimental waveform figure under Pack to Cell and Cell to Pack pattern respectively.Therefrom Q can be found out
1-Q
8be operated in Zero Current Switch state, greatly reduce switching loss.
As shown in figure 13, be the portfolio effect figure under the electrokinetic cell inactive state of the present embodiment, in one of them balanced cycle, Boost mode time is 240s, Buck mode time is 60s, and time of repose is 20s.In battery pack, the initial voltage of each battery cell is respectively V
b0=3.221V, V
b1=3.110V, V
b2=3.105V, V
b3=2.721V.First be the balanced mode of Cell to Pack, then the balanced mode of Pack to Cell is switched to when 3490s, the balanced mode of Cell to Pack is switched to again when 3570s, then the balanced mode of Pack to Cell is switched to again when 4200s, approximately pass through the time of 5500s, the zero-voltage difference achieving each battery cell in battery pack is balanced, demonstrates the validity of this equalizing circuit.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on Buck-Boost conversion and the equalizing circuit of two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that comprising microcontroller, balanced bus, Buck-Boost translation circuit, two-way LC resonant transform circuit, selector switch module, power battery pack, wherein, microcontroller connects each monomer of battery pack by voltage detecting circuit, battery cell is by the balanced bus of selector switch model calling, balanced bus connects the output of two-way LC resonant transformation, microcontroller is by drive circuit connection control Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit successively, and connect selector switch module by multi-channel gating switch,
Described equalizing circuit has two kinds of balanced mode: battery pack is to the balanced mode of battery cell and Pack to Cell and the battery cell balanced mode to battery pack and Cell to Pack;
Described battery pack to the balanced mode of battery cell and microprocessor controls selector switch module by battery cell gating minimum for voltage to balanced bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Buck pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is higher than battery cell minimum voltage, balanced energy is by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfer to the minimum battery cell of voltage from Buck-Boost conversion, achieve energy and flow to the minimum battery cell of voltage from battery pack;
Described battery cell to the balanced mode of battery pack and microprocessor controls selector switch module by battery cell gating the highest for voltage to balanced bus, and control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Boost pattern, the output voltage of Buck-Boost conversion is lower than battery cell ceiling voltage, balanced energy is by two-way LC resonant transformation, transfer to Buck-Boost conversion from the battery cell that voltage is the highest, achieve balanced energy and flow to battery pack from the battery cell that voltage is the highest.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, described microcontroller comprises pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, and wherein general purpose I/O end comprises two parts;
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects Buck-Boost translation circuit and two-way LC resonant transform circuit, for generation of the control drive singal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch successively by drive circuit;
A part of port of described general purpose I/O end is connected with battery cell by voltage checking chip, for each battery cell voltage transitions is become digital signal, thus determines the battery cell that voltage is minimum and the highest;
Another part port of described general purpose I/O end is by a multi-channel gating switch and selector switch model calling, the battery numbering that the minimum or ceiling voltage determined for decoding microcontroller is corresponding, controls selector switch module and carries out equilibrium by battery cell gating minimum or the highest for the voltage of optional position in battery pack to balanced bus.
3., as claimed in claim 1 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, described Buck-Boost translation circuit is by two metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1and Q
b2, an inductance and four electric capacity compositions, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1and Q
b2connect in the mode of series connection, and metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1shunt capacitance C
b1, diode D
b1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2shunt capacitance C
b2, diode D
b2, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1drain electrode connects electric capacity C
1positive pole, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b1source electrode connects two branch roads, and a branch road connects metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2drain electrode, another branch road connect inductance L
1, inductance L
1the other end connects electric capacity C
0positive pole, electric capacity C
0positive pole is connected with one end of two-way LC resonant transform circuit, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q
b2source electrode connect electric capacity C
0negative pole, diode D
b1and D
b2play afterflow effect.
4., as claimed in claim 3 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, Buck-Boost translation circuit has two kinds of mode of operations: Buck and Boost pattern;
Described Buck pattern and energy flow to battery cell from battery pack; Described Boost pattern and energy flow to battery pack from battery cell;
Described Buck-Boost conversion is operated in zero voltage switch pattern.
5. as claimed in claim 3 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, described two-way LC resonant transform circuit comprises four brachium pontis, eight metal-oxide-semiconductors, electric capacity, an inductance, and two metal-oxide-semiconductor differential concatenations of each brachium pontis, wherein by Q
1, Q
2the left end of the upper left brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects Buck-Boost output capacitor C
0positive pole, right-hand member connect inductance L; By Q
3, Q
4the left end of the lower-left brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects electric capacity C
0negative pole, right-hand member connects the negative pole of electric capacity C; In two other brachium pontis, by Q
5, Q
6the left end of the upper right brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects inductance L, and right-hand member connects electric capacity C
2positive pole; By Q
7, Q
8the left end of the bottom right brachium pontis of differential concatenation composition connects the negative pole of electric capacity C, and right-hand member connects electric capacity C
2negative pole.
6., as claimed in claim 5 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, described two-way LC resonant transform circuit, under the pwm signal driving of two state complementations, is operated in charging and discharging two states.When the frequency of pwm signal equals the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium.
7. as described in claim 5 or 6 based on Buck-Boost conversion and the equalizing circuit of two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, the energy flow of described two-way LC resonant transformation always flows to the low one end of voltage from one end that voltage is high.
8., as claimed in claim 5 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, described electric capacity C
1and C
2be connected in parallel on the input of Buck-Boost translation circuit and the right-hand member of two-way LC resonant transformation respectively, for high-frequency ac current is filtered into direct current, to reduce the infringement to battery.
9. apply the implementation method of the arbitrary described equalizing circuit based on Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation of the claims 1-8, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: obtain battery cell voltage: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell, and the battery cell label determining most high monomer voltage and minimum monomer voltage and correspondence;
Step 2: judge voltage: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, calculates the maximum voltage difference of battery pack, if its difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value, then starts equalizing circuit;
Step 3: determine mode of operation: the difference e calculating monomer ceiling voltage and battery pack average voltage
1with the difference e of monomer minimum voltage and battery pack average voltage
2if, e
1>e
2, then control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Boost pattern, realizes the energy trasfer of the highest battery cell of voltage to battery pack; If e
1<e
2, then control Buck-Boost conversion is operated in Buck pattern, realizes the energy trasfer of battery pack to the minimum battery cell of voltage;
Step 4: gating battery: the mode of operation of the Buck-Boost conversion determined according to step (3), microcontroller controls selector switch module by battery cell gating corresponding for high monomer voltage most under minimum under Buck pattern or Boost pattern to balanced bus by decoding circuit;
Step 5: energy transferring: if equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode of battery pack to battery cell, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Buck pattern, realize the transfer that energy converts from battery pack to Buck-Boost, and control two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switch between Buck-Boost conversion and the minimum battery cell of voltage, thus realize energy transforms to the minimum battery cell of voltage transfer from Buck-Boost; If equalizing circuit is operated in the balanced mode of battery cell to battery pack, microprocessor controls Buck-Boost translation circuit is operated in Boost pattern, realize energy transforms to battery pack transfer from Buck-Boost, and control two-way LC resonant transformation and constantly switch between Buck-Boost conversion and the highest battery cell of voltage, thus realize the transfer that energy converts from the battery cell that voltage is the highest to Buck-Boost.
10., as claimed in claim 1 based on the equalizing circuit of Buck-Boost conversion and two-way LC resonant transformation, it is characterized in that, in described step 5, Buck-Boost converts and is operated in zero voltage switch pattern; When the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends equals the natural resonance frequency of two-way LC resonant transformation, two-way LC resonant transformation is operated in Zero Current Switch pattern, and namely equalizing circuit is operated in Sofe Switch state, reduces switching loss.
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| CN113098115B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-17 | 西南交通大学 | Resonant series battery voltage-sharing circuit based on multi-port transformer and implementation method |
| US11923703B2 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2024-03-05 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Power source current balancing system and method |
| CN116131417A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-05-16 | 宁波均胜新能源研究院有限公司 | Equalization circuit, equalization control method and charger |
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