CN103956802B - Cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation and method - Google Patents
Cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103956802B CN103956802B CN201410219756.5A CN201410219756A CN103956802B CN 103956802 B CN103956802 B CN 103956802B CN 201410219756 A CN201410219756 A CN 201410219756A CN 103956802 B CN103956802 B CN 103956802B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation and implementation method, including microcontroller, matrix switch module, equilibrium bus, LC resonant transformation module and filter capacitor, it is capable of in set of cells battery cell combination (cells) that arbitrarily joint is adjacent to adjacent battery cell combination (cells) of arbitrarily joint or the Zero Current Switch equilibrium of any battery cell (cell), greatly improves equalization efficiency；And regulated the size of euqalizing current by the difference controlling the battery cell joint number of optimum electric discharge combination and optimum charging combination, effectively improve the discordance between battery cell；Charging and discharging deposit the problem causing equalization efficiency low when overcoming tradition Pack to Cell equalizing circuit equilibrium, also solves Cell to Cell equalizing circuit euqalizing current simultaneously and improves a limited difficult problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation and method.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is because of its high-energy-density, low discharge rate and does not has memory effect, is widely used in electronic vapour as power source
In car and hybrid-electric car.But, in actual applications, in order to obtain higher electric pressure, battery is many with cascade
Use.But, serial lithium battery group brings a more acute problem: though the internal resistance of battery cell in series battery
Or there is fine difference in capacity, it is also possible to cause the extreme of voltage or SOC between battery cell unbalanced.Additionally, in charge and discharge for several times
After electricity circulation, this unbalanced phenomena can be increasingly severe, greatly reduces active volume and the cycle life of set of cells.Very
Extremely, security incident may be caused, such as blast, on fire etc..Therefore, it is necessary to battery is carried out balanced management.It is clear that
One of key technology as battery management system, the efficient balance of series battery has become as a study hotspot.At present,
Equilibrium mainly has dissipation equilibrium, non-dissipation equilibrium and battery to select three major types.
Dissipate equilibrium (also referred to as cell bypass method equilibrium) by entering to the dissipating device in parallel of each battery cell in set of cells
Row electric discharge shunting, thus realize the equilibrium of cell voltage.Dissipate to equalize and be divided into the most again two classes: passive equilibrium is with the most equal
Weighing apparatus.Dissipation equalizing structure is simple with control, low cost, but the problem that there is energy dissipation and heat management.
Non-dissipate equilibrium use electric capacity, inductance etc. as energy-storage travelling wave tube, utilize common power converting circuit as underlying topology,
Take dispersion or the structure concentrated, it is achieved unidirectional or two-way equalization scheme.According to energy stream, non-dissipation equilibrium can be divided into again
Following four: (1) Cell to Cell；(2)Cell to Pack；(3)Pack to Cell；(4)Cell to Pack to Cell.Right
In Cell to Pack or the equalization methods of Pack to Cell, equalizing each time is all to the minimum battery list of voltage by set of cells
Body carries out energy supply, it is possible to realizes bigger euqalizing current, is more suited to jumbo electrokinetic cell；But when to set of cells
When the battery cell that middle voltage is the highest carries out equalization discharge, it can be charged by set of cells simultaneously；Voltage is in set of cells
When low battery cell is charged equilibrium, it can be discharged by set of cells simultaneously.Therefore, fill during the equilibrium of this equalization methods
Electricity causes equalization efficiency low with discharging and depositing.And for the equalization methods of Cell to Cell, energy can be the highest from voltage
Battery cell transfer to the battery cell that voltage is minimum, there is higher equalization efficiency, but the voltage difference between battery cell
There is conduction voltage drop and make euqalizing current the least in less power electronic devices in addition, therefore Cell to Cell equalization methods is not suitable for
In jumbo electrokinetic cell.There is circuit structure complexity in non-dissipation equilibrium, volume is big, cost is high, time for balance length, Gao Kai
Close the problems such as loss.
Battery selects equilibrium to refer to the battery cell structure set of cells consistent by experimental selection performance, typically has two step screening processes.
The first step, under different discharge currents, selects the battery cell that battery average size is close；Second step, screens in the first step
Battery cell in, under different SOC, selected the battery list with close cell voltage variable quantity by pulse charge and discharge experiment
Body.Owing to the self-discharge rate of battery cell is not quite similar, battery selects equilibrium to be not enough to keep electricity in the whole life cycle of battery
Pond group equalizes always.It supplements equalization methods only as the one of other equalization methods.
The main cause that tradition equalization methods is not suitable for lithium ion battery is as follows:
(1) open-circuit voltage of lithium ion battery is relatively flat when SOC is between 30%～70%, even if SOC differs greatly,
The voltage difference of its correspondence is the least, additionally due to power electronic devices exists conduction voltage drop so that euqalizing current is the least, even may be used
Can cause the power electronic devices can not normally；
(2) there is conduction voltage drop due to power electronic devices, between battery cell, be difficulty with zero-voltage difference equilibrium.
Chinese invention patent application (application number 201310278475.2) proposes a kind of electrokinetic cell Zero Current Switch active equalization
Circuit and implementation method, its can voltage is the highest and minimum in real-time judge set of cells battery cell, and it is carried out zero current
Switch equilibrium, and two battery cells that equilibrium is both for voltage difference in set of cells maximum every time carry out peak load shifting, greatly
Improve equalization efficiency, effectively reduce the discordance between battery cell.But, due to the power electronic devices used
There is conduction voltage drop so that being extremely difficult to zero-voltage difference between battery cell, and euqalizing current is the least, time for balance is longer.
To this end, China's utility model application (application number 201320660950.8) and Chinese invention patent application (application number
201310507016.7) proposing a kind of Cell to Cell battery equalizing circuit based on boosting inverter and Sofe Switch, this invention uses
Battery cell the highest for voltage in set of cells is boosted to a higher voltage by one Boost boosting inverter, with realize big electric current,
Zero-voltage difference equalizes；Use a LC resonant transformation module to realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium, decrease energy dissipation, improve
Equalization efficiency.But, the subject matter that this invention exists is: owing to belonging to Cell to Cell type equalizing circuit, even if using Boost
Boosting inverter, the euqalizing current improved is the most limited, far from disclosure satisfy that the equalization requirement of electric automobile great-capacity power battery；
And Boost boosting inverter itself there is also energy dissipation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve the problems referred to above, propose a kind of cells to cells based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation equilibrium electricity
Road and method, including microcontroller, matrix switch module, equilibrium bus, LC resonant transformation module and filter capacitor, it is possible to real
Existing set of cells arbitrarily saves adjacent battery cell combination (cells) combine (cells) to the battery cell that arbitrarily joint is adjacent or appoint
The Zero Current Switch equilibrium of meaning battery cell (cell), greatly improves equalization efficiency；And by control optimum electric discharge combination with
The difference of the battery cell joint number of optimum charging combination regulates the size of euqalizing current, and effectively improve between battery cell is inconsistent
Property；Charging and discharging deposit the problem causing equalization efficiency low, simultaneously when overcoming tradition Pack to Cell equalizing circuit equilibrium
Also solve Cell to Cell equalizing circuit euqalizing current and improve a limited difficult problem.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, including microcontroller, matrix switch mould
Block, equilibrium bus, LC resonant transformation module and filter capacitor, microcontroller connection matrix switch module, LC resonant transformation mould
Block and battery cell, LC resonant transformation module is by equilibrium bus connection matrix switch module, the input of LC resonant transformation module
End and each filter capacitor in parallel of outfan.
Described microcontroller includes analog-to-digital conversion module, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, wherein,
Described analog-to-digital conversion module, is connected with battery cell by voltage detecting circuit, for being converted into by the voltage signal of battery cell
Digital signal, thus obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer；
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects LC resonant transformation module by drive circuit, is used for producing LC
In resonant transformation module, the control of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch drives signal；
Described general purpose I/O end is connected with switch module by a multi-channel gating switch, is used for decoding the needs that microcontroller determines equal
The battery cell combination number of weighing apparatus, controls matrix switch module by the battery cell combination gating of continuous adjacent the most individual in set of cells
To equilibrium bus.
Described LC resonant transformation module includes that full-bridge circuit, full-bridge circuit include four groups of metal-oxide-semiconductors, and often group metal-oxide-semiconductor includes two
The metal-oxide-semiconductor of docking, the most often group metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected on a brachium pontis, and brachium pontis midpoint is in series with inductance L and electric capacity
C。
Described LC resonant transformation module is two-way full-bridge converter, and energy always flows to, from the side that voltage is high, the side that voltage is low.
Described equilibrium bus includes equalizing bus I and equilibrium bus II, and described matrix switch module includes selecting switch module I,
Select switch module II, select switch module III, select switch module IV.The one end selecting switch module I connects equilibrium bus I
Positive pole, the positive pole of one end connecting single batteries；The one end selecting switch module II connects the negative pole of equilibrium bus I, and one end is even
Connect the negative pole of battery cell；The one end selecting switch module III connects the negative pole of equilibrium bus II, bearing of one end connecting single batteries
Pole；The one end selecting switch module IV connects the positive pole of equilibrium bus II, the positive pole of one end connecting single batteries.LC resonant transformation
Four brachium pontis of module are connected with the both positive and negative polarity of Jun Heng bus I and equilibrium bus II respectively.
Described each selection switch module synchronization can only turn on a switch.
The multiple batteries combination of monomers of described continuous adjacent includes optimum charging combination and optimum electric discharge combination.
Described optimum electric discharge is combined as the electricity that voltage in set of cells is most higher than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell number
The combination of pond monomer.
Described optimum charging is combined as the battery that voltage in the group of pond is most less than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell number
The combination of monomer.
The equilibrium to optimum charging combination is combined in described optimum electric discharge, it is desirable to optimum electric discharge is combined and the battery list of optimum charging combination
The difference of body segment number should be greater than equal to 1.
Described matrix switch module is by optimum charge and discharge combination gating to equilibrium bus, i.e. microcontroller passes through decoding circuit control
The selection switch module I/IV of matrix switch module processed, selects switch module II/III to gate the positive pole of optimum electric discharge combination to all
The positive pole of weighing apparatus bus I/II, extremely equalizes the negative pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination the negative pole of bus I/II, and controls to select switch
Module III/II, selects switch module IV/I, and the positive pole gating of optimum charging combination extremely equalizes the positive pole of bus II/I, will be
The negative pole gating of excellent charging combination is to the negative pole equalizing bus II/I；
Described LC resonant transformation module is under the pwm signal that two states are complementary drives, and alternation is charging and discharging two
State.
Described charged state is that LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination.
Described discharge condition is that the single battery cell that LC resonant transformation module is minimum with optimum charging combination or voltage is in parallel.
A kind of implementation method applying above-mentioned cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, including with
Lower step:
(1) monomer voltage is obtained: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell；
(2) voltage is judged: microcontroller, according to the highest and minimum battery cell voltage obtained, calculates maximum monomer voltage poor,
If its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, then start equalizing circuit；
(3) determine that electric discharge combination and the charging of optimum are combined: the battery cell voltage obtained according to step (1), determine voltage
Higher than the number of the continuous adjacent battery cell of set of cells average voltage, and voltage is less than set of cells average voltage
The number of continuous adjacent battery cell, determines optimum electric discharge combination and optimum charging combination, it is ensured that optimum electric discharge group
Close the difference of the battery cell joint number comprised in combining with optimum charging more than or equal to 1；
(4) gating battery optimum charge and discharge are incorporated on equilibrium bus: microcontroller controls matrix switch by decoding circuit
The selection switch module I/IV of module, selects switch module II/III to gate the positive pole of optimum electric discharge combination to all
The positive pole of weighing apparatus bus I/II, extremely equalizes the negative pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination the negative pole of bus I/II, and controls
System selects switch module III/II, selects switch module IV/II, by the positive pole gating of optimum charging combination to equilibrium
The positive pole of bus II/I, by the negative pole gating of optimum charging combination to the negative pole equalizing bus II/I；
(5) energy transmission: microprocessor controls LC resonant transformation module make its alternation in two states of charging and discharging,
Thus realize the continuous transmission of energy.
In described step (5), when LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination, optimum electric discharge combination is humorous to LC
The conversion module that shakes charges, and when LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum charging combination, LC resonant transformation module gives optimum charging
Combined charging, along with the charge and discharge of LC resonant transformation module, it is achieved that energy is combined to optimum charging combination from optimum electric discharge
Transfer.Especially, when the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends is equal to the natural resonance frequency of LC resonant transformation module, it is achieved
Zero Current Switch equalizes.
The operation principle of the present invention is:
Microcontroller obtains battery cell voltage by D/A converter module, determines electric discharge combination and the charging combination of optimum, passes through
General purpose I/O end encoded control matrix switch module, charges optimum electric discharge combination and optimum with combination gating to equalizing on bus；Then,
Microcontroller sends a pair complementary pwm signal of state and controls LC resonant transformation module so that it is alternation is at charging and discharging
Two states.Especially, when the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends is equal to the natural resonance frequency of LC resonant transformation module,
Can realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium, and every time equilibrium be both in set of cells optimum electric discharge combination and optimum charging combine into
Row peak load shifting, greatly improves equalization efficiency.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) it is capable of in set of cells battery cell combination (cells) that arbitrarily joint is adjacent and saves adjacent battery cell group to any
Close the Zero Current Switch equilibrium of (cells) or any battery cell (cell), greatly improve equalization efficiency；
(2) difference by controlling the battery cell joint number of optimum charge and discharge combination regulates euqalizing current size, is effectively improved
Discordance between battery cell；
(3) charging and discharging deposit the problem causing inefficiency when overcoming tradition Pack to Cell type equalizing circuit equilibrium；
(4) solve Cell to Cell type equalizing circuit euqalizing current and improve a limited difficult problem；
(5) effectively overcome and be difficult to battery cell zero-voltage difference due to what power electronic devices existed that conduction voltage drop causes
Problem；
(6) realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium, reduce energy dissipation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of present invention cells based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation to cells equalizing circuit；
Fig. 2 is the microcontroller composition schematic diagram of equalizing circuit of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the LC resonant transformation module charging fundamental diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the LC resonant transformation module discharge fundamental diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the charge and discharge electric current i that is under resonant condition of the LC resonant transformation module of the present invention and capacitance voltage VCPrinciple ripple
Shape figure；
Fig. 6 is to test charging and discharging currents i and the capacitance voltage V that the LC resonant transformation module obtained is under resonant conditionCOscillogram；
Fig. 7 is the portfolio effect figure under electrokinetic cell resting state of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention:
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 7, a kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, including micro-
Controller, matrix switch module, equilibrium bus, LC resonant transformation module and filter capacitor, microcontroller connection matrix switching molding
Block, LC resonant transformation module and battery cell, LC resonant transformation module is by equilibrium bus connection matrix switch module, and LC is humorous
Shake the input of conversion module and each filter capacitor in parallel of outfan.
Described microcontroller includes analog-to-digital conversion module, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, wherein,
Described analog-to-digital conversion module, is connected with battery cell by voltage detecting circuit, for being converted into by the voltage signal of battery cell
Digital signal, thus obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer；
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects LC resonant transformation module by drive circuit, is used for producing LC
In resonant transformation module, the control of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch drives signal；
Described general purpose I/O end is connected with switch module by a multi-channel gating switch, is used for decoding the needs that microcontroller determines equal
The battery cell combination number of weighing apparatus, controls matrix switch module by the battery cell combination gating of continuous adjacent the most individual in set of cells
To equilibrium bus.
Described LC resonant transformation module includes that full-bridge circuit, full-bridge circuit include four groups of metal-oxide-semiconductors, and often group metal-oxide-semiconductor includes two
The metal-oxide-semiconductor of docking, the most often group metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected on a brachium pontis, and brachium pontis midpoint is in series with inductance L and electric capacity
C。
Described LC resonant transformation module is reversible transducer, and energy always flows to, from the side that voltage is high, the side that voltage is low.
Described equilibrium bus includes equalizing bus I and equilibrium bus II, and described matrix switch module includes selecting switch module I,
Select switch module II, select switch module III, select switch module IV.The one end selecting switch module I connects equilibrium bus I
Positive pole, the positive pole of one end connecting single batteries；The one end selecting switch module II connects the negative pole of equilibrium bus I, and one end is even
Connect the negative pole of battery cell；The one end selecting switch module III connects the negative pole of equilibrium bus II, bearing of one end connecting single batteries
Pole；The one end selecting switch module IV connects the positive pole of equilibrium bus II, the positive pole of one end connecting single batteries.LC resonant transformation
Four brachium pontis of module are connected with the both positive and negative polarity of Jun Heng bus I and equilibrium bus II respectively.
Described each selection switch module synchronization can only turn on a switch.
The multiple batteries combination of monomers of described continuous adjacent includes optimum charging combination and optimum electric discharge combination.
Described optimum electric discharge is combined as the electricity that voltage in set of cells is most higher than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell number
The combination of pond monomer.
Described optimum charging is combined as the electricity that voltage in set of cells is most less than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell number
The combination of pond monomer.
The equilibrium to optimum charging combination is combined in described optimum electric discharge, it is desirable to optimum electric discharge is combined and the battery list of optimum charging combination
The difference of body segment number should be greater than equal to 1.
Such as, one by the monomer series-connected set of cells formed of 8 batteries, voltage is false higher than the battery cell of set of cells average voltage
It is set to B0、B1、B2, then in set of cells, voltage has 6 higher than the combination of set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell,
It is respectively B0、B1、B2、B0B1、B1B2And B0B1B2Battery cell combination, and optimum electric discharge combination only one of which is B0B1B2；
Voltage is assumed to be B less than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell6、B7, then in set of cells, voltage is put down less than set of cells
All combinations of voltage and adjacent battery cell have 3, respectively B6、B7And B6B7Battery cell combination, and optimum fills
Electricity combination only one of which is B6B7, and the difference of the battery cell joint number of optimum electric discharge combination and optimum charging combination is more than or equal to 1.
Described matrix switch module is by optimum charge and discharge combination gating to equilibrium bus, i.e. microcontroller passes through decoding circuit control
The selection switch module I/IV of matrix switch module processed, selects switch module II/III to gate the positive pole of optimum electric discharge combination to all
The positive pole of weighing apparatus bus I/II, extremely equalizes the negative pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination the negative pole of bus I/II, and controls to select switch
Module III/II, selects switch module IV/I, and the positive pole gating of optimum charging combination extremely equalizes the positive pole of bus II/I, will be
The negative pole gating of excellent charging combination is to the negative pole equalizing bus II/I；
Described LC resonant transformation module is under the pwm signal that two states are complementary drives, and alternation is charging and discharging two
State.
Described charged state is that LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination.
Described discharge condition is that the single battery cell that LC resonant transformation module is minimum with optimum charging combination or voltage is in parallel.
A kind of implementation method applying above-mentioned cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, including with
Lower step:
(1) monomer voltage is obtained: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell；
(2) voltage is judged: microcontroller, according to the highest and minimum battery cell voltage obtained, calculates maximum monomer voltage poor,
If its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, then start equalizing circuit；
(3) determine that electric discharge combination and the charging of optimum are combined: the battery cell voltage obtained according to step (1), determine voltage
Higher than the number of the continuous adjacent battery cell of set of cells average voltage, and voltage is less than set of cells average voltage
The number of continuous adjacent battery cell, determines optimum electric discharge combination and optimum charging combination, it is ensured that optimum electric discharge group
Close the difference of the battery cell joint number comprised in combining with optimum charging more than or equal to 1；
(4) gating battery optimum charge and discharge combination: the selection that microcontroller controls matrix switch module by decoding circuit is left
Close module I/IV, select switch module II/III by the positive pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination to equilibrium bus I/II
Positive pole, by the negative pole of the negative pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination to equilibrium bus I/II, and controls to select switch module
III/II, select switch module IV/II, the positive pole gating of optimum charging combination is extremely equalized the positive pole of bus II/I,
By the negative pole gating of optimum charging combination to the negative pole equalizing bus II/I；
(5) energy transmission: microprocessor controls LC resonant transformation module make its alternation in two states of charging and discharging,
Thus realize the continuous transmission of energy.
In described step (5), when LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination, optimum electric discharge combination is humorous to LC
The conversion module that shakes charges, and when LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum charging combination, LC resonant transformation module gives optimum charging
Combined charging, along with the charge and discharge of LC resonant transformation module, it is achieved that energy is combined to optimum charging combination from optimum electric discharge
Transfer.Especially, when the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends is equal to the natural resonance frequency of LC resonant transformation module, it is achieved
Zero Current Switch equalizes.
Embodiment one:
As a example by n batteries monomer, and assume B0B1B2For optimum electric discharge combination, Bn-1For optimum charging combination.
As in figure 2 it is shown, Digital Signal Processing DSP (TMS320F28335) selected by the microcontroller of equalizing circuit, have high-precision
Degree AD sampling and PWM export；Multi-channel gating switch selects CD4051, is single 8 digital control simulant electronic switches of passage,
Have tri-binary systems of A, B and C control inputs andTotally 4 inputs, have low conduction impedance and the lowest cut-off electric leakage
Stream；Voltage detecting circuit uses the LTC6802 specialized voltages of Linear Tech to measure chip and measures every batteries in set of cells in real time
Voltage.
Matrix switch module selects the relay with a normally opened/normally-closed contact, and its model is ZHNQIQ3F-1Z-05V.Micro-
Controller controls relay by a multi-channel gating switch CD4051 and turns on or Guan Bi.
LC resonant transformation module includes that full-bridge circuit, full-bridge circuit include four groups of metal-oxide-semiconductor (M1, M2)、(M3, M4)、(M5,
M6)、(M7, M8) and inductance L, an electric capacity C circuit composition.The metal-oxide-semiconductor docking the most often organized is connected.M1With
M4Source electrode respectively with filter capacitor C1Positive and negative electrode be connected after, connect respectively and the positive and negative electrode of Jun Heng bus I；M6With
M7Source electrode respectively with filter capacitor C2Positive and negative electrode be connected after, connect respectively and the positive and negative electrode of Jun Heng bus II.This reality
Execute in example it is assumed that M1、M2、M3、M4Charge circuit is constituted with L, C；M5、M6、M7、M8Electric discharge is constituted with L, C
Loop.Metal-oxide-semiconductor M1～M8The pwm signal complementary by a pair state from microcontroller DSP drives, wherein M1～M4
Driven by a road PWM+ signal, M5～M8The PWM-signal complementary by another line state drives.Work as M1～M4Conducting, M5～M8
During shutoff, LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination, is operated in charged state；Work as M5～M8Conducting, M1～M4
During shutoff, LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum charging combination, is operated in discharge condition.So, by LC resonant transformation
The continuous charge and discharge of module can realize energy and be transferred to electricity optimum charging combination from optimum electric discharge combination, especially, work as microcontroller
When the PWM frequency that device sends is equal to the natural resonance frequency of LC quasi-resonance circuit, it is achieved Zero Current Switch equalizes.
As shown in figs. 34, first, microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell, it is judged that
Whether big voltage difference is more than battery balanced threshold value 0.02V, if being more than, starting equalizing circuit, and determining optimum electric discharge combination (B0B1B2)
With optimum charging combination (Bn-1), and the S of switch module I is selected by coding chip CD4051 gating11With selection switch module
The S of II23By optimum electric discharge combination (B0B1B2) gate to equilibrium bus I, simultaneously by coding chip CD4051 gating selection
The S of switch module III3nWith the S selecting switch module IV4nBy optimum charging combination (Bn-1) gate to and equalize on bus II, and
Keep its conducting state until this equilibrium terminates.
Under equilibrium state, microprocessor controls LC resonant transformation module make its alternation in two states of charging and discharging, from
And realize the continuous transmission of energy.
As it is shown on figure 3, work as M1～M4During conducting, M5～M8During shutoff, LC resonant transformation module is in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination.
B0B1B2, inductance L become a resonant tank with electric capacity C-shaped, now electric capacity C is charged, resonance current i is just, electric capacity C
The voltage V at two endscBegin to ramp up until resonance current i becomes negative value, as seen from Figure 5, VcDelayed resonance current i tetra-points
One of cycle, and waveform is sine wave.This moment, due to M5～M8It is off state, battery cell Bn-1Open circuit,
So flowing into Bn-1Electric current ichIt is zero；Owing to filter capacitor is connected in parallel on the two ends of optimum electric discharge combination, so flowing into the humorous of LC
The electric current i that shakes is outflow optimum electric discharge combination B0B1B2Electric current idis, and be just during rated current outflow battery, therefore can obtain
To the optimum electric discharge combination (B shown in state I as shown in Figure 50B1B2) and optimum charging combination (Bn-1) current waveform idisAnd ich。
As shown in Figure 4, M is worked as5～M8During conducting, M1～M4Turn off, LC resonant transformation module and optimum charging combination (Bn-1)
In parallel.Bn-1, L become a resonant tank with C-shaped, now electric capacity C electric discharge, resonance current i is negative, the electricity at electric capacity C two ends
Pressure VcBegin to decline until resonance current become on the occasion of.Because optimum electric discharge combination (B0B1B2) it is in open-circuit condition, therefore idis
It is zero；This moment resonance current i is exactly B simultaneouslyn-1Charging current, therefore available optimum as shown in Fig. 5 state II is put
Electricity combination (B0B1B2) and optimum charging combination (Bn-1) current waveform idisAnd ich。
It is illustrated in figure 6 and tests charging and discharging currents i and the capacitance voltage V that the LC resonant transformation obtained is under resonant conditionC's
Experimental waveform figure, as can be seen from the figure i and VCIt is all sinusoidal wave form, and Vc1/4th cycles of delayed resonance current i,
The turn-on and turn-off of metal-oxide-semiconductor occur exactly at electric current i near zero-crossing point, it is achieved that Zero Current Switch, greatly reduce switch
Loss.
Fig. 7 show the portfolio effect figure under electrokinetic cell resting state of the present invention, when battery cell initial voltage is respectively
B0=2.687V, B1=2.695V, B2=2.673V, B3=2.676V, B4=3.282V, B5=3.289V, B6=3.287V,
B7During=3.288V, it is only necessary to the time of about 6500s, equalizing circuit allows for the maximum voltage difference of battery in battery pack monomer
Close to 0, it is achieved that zero-voltage difference equalizes.
Although the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described by the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines, but not limit to scope
System, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme, and those skilled in the art need not pay
Go out various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, is characterized in that: include micro-control
Device processed, matrix switch module, equilibrium bus, LC resonant transformation module and filter capacitor, microcontroller connection matrix switch module,
LC resonant transformation module and battery cell, LC resonant transformation module is become by equilibrium bus connection matrix switch module, LC resonance
The input of die change block and each filter capacitor in parallel of outfan；
Described microcontroller includes analog-to-digital conversion module, pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part and general purpose I/O end, wherein,
Described analog-to-digital conversion module, is connected with battery cell by voltage detecting circuit, for being converted into by the voltage signal of battery cell
Digital signal, so that it is determined that the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer；
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects LC resonant transformation module by drive circuit, is used for producing MOS
The control of pipe switch drives signal；
Described general purpose I/O end is connected with switch module by a multi-channel gating switch, is used for decoding the needs that microcontroller determines equal
The battery cell combination number of weighing apparatus, controls matrix switch module by the battery cell combination gating of continuous adjacent the most individual in set of cells
To equilibrium bus；
The battery cell combination of described any continuous adjacent includes optimum charging combination and optimum electric discharge combination；Described optimum electric discharge
It is combined as the combination of the battery cell most higher than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell number of voltage in set of cells；Institute
State optimum charging and be combined as the battery cell that voltage in set of cells is most less than set of cells average voltage and adjacent battery cell number
Combination；The equilibrium to optimum charging combination is combined in described optimum electric discharge, and optimum electric discharge is combined and the battery list of optimum charging combination
The difference of body segment number is more than or equal to 1；
Described LC resonant transformation module is under the pwm signal that two states are complementary drives, and alternation is charging and discharging two
State.
A kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, its
Feature is: described LC resonant transformation module includes that full-bridge circuit, full-bridge circuit include four groups of metal-oxide-semiconductors, and often group metal-oxide-semiconductor includes
Two docking metal-oxide-semiconductors, the most often group metal-oxide-semiconductor be connected on a brachium pontis, brachium pontis midpoint be in series with inductance L and
Electric capacity C.
A kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, its
Feature is: described LC resonant transformation module is full-bridge reversible transducer, and energy always flows to that voltage is low from the side that voltage is high
Side.
A kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, its
Feature is: described equilibrium bus includes equalizing bus I and equilibrium bus II, and described matrix switch module includes selecting switch module
I, select switch module II, select switch module III, select switch module IV；Described equilibrium bus I's and equilibrium bus II
Positive and negative electrode is connected with four brachium pontis of described LC resonant transformation module.
A kind of cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation, its
Feature is: one end of described selection switch module I connects the positive pole of described equilibrium bus I, the positive pole of one end connecting single batteries；
One end of described selection switch module II connects the negative pole of described equilibrium bus I, the negative pole of one end connecting single batteries；Described choosing
The one end selecting switch module III connects the negative pole of described equilibrium bus II, the negative pole of one end connecting single batteries；Described selection switchs
One end of module IV connects the positive pole of described equilibrium bus II, the positive pole of one end connecting single batteries；Described each selection switching molding
Block synchronization can only turn on a switch.
6. apply an implementation method for equalizing circuit according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: include following
Step:
(1) monomer voltage is obtained: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell；
(2) voltage is judged: microcontroller, according to the highest and minimum battery cell voltage obtained, calculates maximum monomer voltage poor,
If its difference is more than battery balanced threshold value, then start equalizing circuit；
(3) determine that electric discharge combination and the charging of optimum are combined: the battery cell voltage obtained according to step (1), determine electricity
Pressure is higher than the number of the continuous adjacent battery cell of set of cells average voltage, and voltage is less than the continuous adjacent of set of cells average voltage
The number of battery cell, determines optimum electric discharge combination and optimum charging combination, it is ensured that during optimum combination of discharging is combined with optimum charging
The difference of the battery cell joint number comprised is more than or equal to 1；
(4) gating battery optimum charge and discharge are incorporated on equilibrium bus: microcontroller controls matrix switch by decoding circuit
The selection switch module I/IV of module, select switch module II/III by the positive pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination to equilibrium bus I/
The positive pole of II, by the negative pole of the negative pole gating of optimum electric discharge combination to equilibrium bus I/II, and controls to select switch module III/II,
Select switch module IV/II, the positive pole gating of optimum charging combination is extremely equalized the positive pole of bus II/I, by optimum charging combination
Negative pole gating to equalize bus II/I negative pole；
(5) energy transmission: microprocessor controls LC resonant transformation module make its alternation in two states of charging and discharging,
Thus realize the continuous transmission of energy.
7. implementation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: in described step (5), when LC resonant transformation module
Time in parallel with optimum electric discharge combination, optimum electric discharge combination is charged to LC resonant transformation module, when LC resonant transformation module is with optimum
When charging combination is in parallel, LC resonant transformation module gives optimum charging combined charging, along with the charge and discharge of LC resonant transformation module,
Achieving energy and be combined to the transfer of optimum charging combination from optimum electric discharge, the PWM frequency sent when microcontroller is humorous equal to LC
Shake the natural resonance frequency of conversion module time, it is achieved Zero Current Switch equalizes.
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