CN105656157B - A kind of two-way DC DC of multipole lithium battery pack non-dissipative balance method - Google Patents
A kind of two-way DC DC of multipole lithium battery pack non-dissipative balance method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105656157B CN105656157B CN201610234397.XA CN201610234397A CN105656157B CN 105656157 B CN105656157 B CN 105656157B CN 201610234397 A CN201610234397 A CN 201610234397A CN 105656157 B CN105656157 B CN 105656157B
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- 230000005405 multipole Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of technology balanced using the two-way DC DC circuit realirations lithium battery pack non-dissipative of multipole, for by n battery battery pack in series, the two-way DC DC circuits of basic multipole are by n metal-oxide-semiconductor, 1 inductance of n filter capacitor and n is formed, n metal-oxide-semiconductor is driven by leggy PWM controller according to certain logic, during normal work, in one work period T, leggy PWM controller sequentially closes from n-th to the 1st metal-oxide-semiconductor each T/n time cycle, other time keeps it turned on, now, 1 inductance of n and n metal-oxide-semiconductor will form the two-way DC DC of n 1 Buck Boost circuits, and mutually nested it is cascaded.Voltage and corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor closing cycle between each two adjacent power pole of the two-way DC DC circuits of multipole is directly proportional, and the two-way DC DC circuits of multipole thus formed can be used for the lossless balance of series battery charge and discharge process.By the closing cycle for adjusting each metal-oxide-semiconductor, thus it is possible to vary the voltage between the two-way DC DC circuits adjacent power pole of multipole, to control euqalizing current.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy field, especially for lithium battery group lossless balance play the role of it is special.
Background technology
Due to its own charge-discharge characteristic, overcharge or overdischarge may all cause forever lithium battery to battery
Property damage, especially in serial lithium battery group, the capacity and charge-discharge parameter of each battery be difficult to it is completely the same, it is real
In the application of border, balance and charge and discharge protecting between special circuit progress battery are generally required.
The balancing technique of lithium battery group is allocated as damaging balance and lossless two kinds of balance, and it is by controlling electric discharge electricity to damage balance
Road consumes overtension or the energy of the larger battery of capacity reaches whole machine balancing；Lossless balance is by electricity by circuit
Press through the energy transfer of the high either larger battery of capacity to voltage is relatively low or the less battery of capacity come realize each battery it
Between balance.
It is most of to damage balancing technique and can be only applied to charging process, and discharge process is then by capacity minimum battery system
About, when battery pack any one battery discharge terminates, whole battery pack will stop externally electric discharge, and the capacity of battery pack is not
It can sufficiently be used, and have the loss of energy in equilibrium process.Then majority can charge and put lossless balancing technique
Electric process is all balanced, and accomplishes the maximum application to battery capacity, and equilibrium process does not have the loss of energy, is only electricity
It is lost on a small quantity caused by the work of road itself.
In current lossless balance, have using capacitance energy storage mode, have using bi-directional DC-DC mode, but mostly
Number circuit structure is complicated, and control logic is complicated, or even higher to the technological requirement of component.The technology used in the present invention is logical
Cross multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit complete battery pack lossless balance, have it is simple in construction, control logic is simple, is easy to modularization
Extension, cost is low and the characteristics of efficiency high.
The content of the invention
The lithium battery pack non-dissipative balancing technique of signified multipole bi-directional DC-DC of the invention is mainly by multipole bi-directional DC-DC electricity
Road and leggy PWM controller are formed, and the multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit in the present invention is Buck-Boost structures.
For by n battery battery pack in series, typical Buck-Boost multipoles bi-directional DC-DC circuit is by n
Metal-oxide-semiconductor, n filter capacitor and n-1 inductance are formed.First metal-oxide-semiconductor source electrode is connected with battery electrode, and drain electrode is the same as second
The source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected, and the rest may be inferred, and the source electrode of n-th of metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with the drain electrode of (n-1)th metal-oxide-semiconductor, drain electrode and battery
Group positive pole is connected；The left end of first inductance is connected with the drain electrode of first metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the rest may be inferred, the left end of (n-1)th inductance
Drain electrode with (n-1)th metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected；The right-hand member of n-1 inductance and the both positive and negative polarity of battery pack collectively form multipole bi-directional DC-DC
The n+1 of circuit transmission pole, n electric capacity are used as filtering between being connected to two adjacent transmission poles, what n battery was connected
Node is connected with each transmission pole of multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit.
During normal work, any moment, only a metal-oxide-semiconductor are closed, and other metal-oxide-semiconductors are in the conduction state,
Leggy PWM controller sequentially controls from n-th to the 1st metal-oxide-semiconductor to be closed, namely：In one work period T,
Leggy PWM controller sequentially closes from n-th to the 1st metal-oxide-semiconductor each T/n time cycle, and other time keeps it turned on, now,
N-1 inductance and n metal-oxide-semiconductor will form the Buck-Boost circuits of n-1 bi-directional DC-DC, and mutually nested be cascaded.
Unidirectional Buck-Boost circuits can be substituted the metal-oxide-semiconductor of output end using fly-wheel diode, and its mode of operation has company
The differentiation of continuous current-mode and discontinuous current mode.Continuous current mode is that have electric current to flow through all the time in inductance, and electric current is at one
Linear rise and decline between maximum and minimum value.And the electric current that discontinuous current mode is then inductance is started from scratch increases to one
Individual maximum, then begin to decline to zero, interior no current flows through for some time afterwards.In the DC-DC using diode continuousing flow
In circuit, when being operated in cutout pattern, once electric current drops to zero, then diode there will be no electric current to flow through, in output end
Using in the circuit of metal-oxide-semiconductor, if being operated in discontinuous mode, when the electric current of inductance drops to zero, it is necessary to close in time defeated
Go out and hold metal-oxide-semiconductor, now two in circuit metal-oxide-semiconductor is in closed mode.
When Buck-Boost circuits are operated in discontinuous current mode, if do not closed when the electric current in inductance drops to zero defeated
Go out the metal-oxide-semiconductor at end, then reverse current is had in inductance flows through, its descending slope with it is positive when slope it is identical, be always maintained at
To next PWM cycle, and in second PWM cycle, the electric current of inductance is not then rising of starting from scratch, but from reverse current
Maximum starts to reduce reverse current, and reaches zero current, then proceedes to rise to positive maximum, so goes round and begins again.This
When circuit be operated in forward and reverse electric current alternate mode.The average current flowed through in inductance is referred to as operating point, ideally, odd-job
When putting, the extremely no electric current of circuit power transmission flows in and out.It just can also be negative that operating point, which can be, which determine DC-DC
The direction of transfer of circuit energy, because the electric current in inductance is continuous all the time, this mode of operation can be referred to as continuous current
The bi-directional DC-DC circuit of pattern.
This characteristic of bi-directional DC-DC circuit of continuous current mode, it can allow in the case of the fixation of PWM pulsewidths, output is electric
Pressure and input voltage maintain fixed ratio, and according to the characteristics of Buck-Boost circuits, it is inputted and the relation of output voltage
For：
（1）
Wherein Vo is output voltage, VBIt is input voltage, D is the dutycycle of input metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting.
For the Buck-Boost circuits of bi-directional DC-DC conversion, input and output end do not have strict definition, circuit two
End is simultaneously when connect battery, the flow direction of the differentiation of input and output side depending on average current, and the flow direction of electric current then root
It can be calculated according to Kirchhoff's equation and ohm law, when cell voltage is higher than itself connection DC-DC circuit terminal voltage
When, battery net outflow electric current, battery discharge, on the contrary net inflow electric current, battery are in charged state, the size of current of net outflow
The equivalent resistance being distributed by voltage difference and circuit determines, and meets ohm law.
The multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit formed in the present invention, by leggy PWM controller to n metal-oxide-semiconductor according to certain
The control of logic opens and closes, and can be connected with equivalent into n-1 the nested of Buck-Boost bi-directional DC-DC circuits, and often
It is directly proportional that voltage and corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor between two adjacent power poles close the cycle.
When rechargeable secondary cell is connected between the adjacent power pole of the multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit in the present invention, each
Voltage between the transmission pole that battery is connected, is pinned in fixed value, when leggy PWM controller is to each metal-oxide-semiconductor
Closing dutycycle is identical, and when being T/n, voltage is U between two neighboring transmission poleG/ n, wherein UGFor the output electricity of battery pack
Pressure.Now, voltage is higher than UG/ n battery is discharge condition, and voltage is less than UG/ n battery is charged state, so as to form to whole
The lossless balance of individual battery pack.This mechanism can be applied not only to the charging process of battery pack, can also apply in battery pack
Discharge process.
When control of the leggy PWM controller to metal-oxide-semiconductor is provided with dead band, the work of multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit
According to the flow direction of electric current certain skew can occur for point.When the flow direction of average current in circuit determines, input metal-oxide-semiconductor closes
Close, and when output end metal-oxide-semiconductor not yet turns on（Or output end metal-oxide-semiconductor is closed and input metal-oxide-semiconductor when not yet turning on）, it is referred to as
PWM control dead band, now the body diode of output end metal-oxide-semiconductor can force conducting, temporarily take over metal-oxide-semiconductor afterflow, and then cause
The dutycycle increase of the conducting of output end, input conducting dutycycle reduce, and decline so as to the voltage of output end, the electricity of net outflow
For stream as output end voltage declines and reduced, final circuit reaches a stable state.The presence in dead band can avoid battery
When voltage and excessive output voltage deviation, the net outflow electric current of circuit unrestrictedly increases, the ratio in appropriately designed dead band, Ke Yiti
The voltage range of high battery pack balance, and balanced balanced current can be controlled unrestrictedly not increase.
The feature of multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit determines in the present invention, for different final discharging voltages and charging termination
The battery pack of the battery composition of voltage, by the adjustment of leggy PWM controller, still can realize to the balance of battery pack and
Protection, the required cell voltage that to do is to be directed between different transmission poles, when designing rational PWM closing cycles and dead band
Between., can be with when such as discharge and recharge limitation voltage being the battery series connection that 4.2 ~ 3.6 battery and charging/discharging voltage are limited to 3.6 ~ 2.0
It is 4.2 to design the ratio in charging of the voltage between two groups of transmission poles that it is connected:3.6, it is that ratio is 3.6 in electric discharge:
2.0。
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 principle of the invention block diagrams.
Four cell balancing circuit schematic diagrames of the pole of tetra- phases of Fig. 2 five.
The pole bi-directional DC-DC circuit equivalent exploded view of tetra- phases of Fig. 3 five.
The phase pwm waveform figures of Fig. 4 tetra-.
Inductive current waveform when the polar circuit of tetra- phases of Fig. 5 five balances.
Each metal-oxide-semiconductor current waveform when the polar circuit of tetra- phases of Fig. 6 five balances.
Inductance oscillogram during Fig. 7 tetra- phases, five polar circuit batteries, three electric current net inflows.
Each metal-oxide-semiconductor oscillogram during Fig. 8 tetra- phases, five polar circuit batteries, three electric current net inflows.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is further retouched
State, it is clear that described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present of invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, in this area
The every other embodiment that is obtained on the premise of creative work is not made of those of ordinary skill, belong to the present invention
The scope of protection.
The present embodiment, using Buck-Boost structures, forms one four by taking four batteries battery pack in series as an example
The multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit of the pole of phase five, the battery pack being connected into for n batteries, the general principle figure according to Fig. 1,
Simply increase inductance, electric capacity and metal-oxide-semiconductor, and adjust the control logic of leggy PWM controller.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the balancing circuitry of the battery of four phases, five pole four, and circuit is by four metal-oxide-semiconductors, three inductance and four
Electric capacity is formed.
Fig. 3 is the different operating moment, three equivalent bi-directional DC-DC circuits of the pole balancing circuitry of four phase five, and wherein K1 ' is
K2, K3, K4 equivalent switch pipe, K2 ' are K1, K2 equivalent switch pipe, and K3 ' is K3, K4 equivalent switch pipe, K4 ' be K1,
K2, K3 equivalent switch pipe.Same C1 ' is C2, C3, C4 equivalent capacity, and C2 ' is C1, C2 equivalent capacity, and C3 ' is C3, C4
Equivalent capacity, C4 ' is C1, C2, C3 equivalent capacity.K1, K1 ', L1 and C1, C1 ' form first equivalent Buck-Boost electricity
Road, in a work period, preceding 3/4 cycle K1 ' is closed, K1 conductings, and in rear 1/4 cycle, K1 ' conductings, K1 is closed；K2’、K3’、
L2 and C2 ', C3 ' form second equivalent Buck-Boost circuit, and in a work period, preceding 1/2 cycle K3 ' is closed, and K2 ' is led
Logical, in rear 1/2 cycle, K3 ' conductings, K2 ' is closed；K4, K4 ', L3 and C4, C4 ' form the 3rd equivalent Buck-Boost circuit,
In one work period, preceding 1/4 cycle K4 is closed, K4 ' conductings, and in rear 3/4 cycle, K4 conductings, K4 ' is closed.
Fig. 4 is the voltage waveform that leggy PWM controller drives to four metal-oxide-semiconductors.First 1/4 cycle closes K4, the
Two 1/4 cycles close K3, and the 3rd 1/4 cycle closes K2, and the 4th 1/4 cycle closes K1.
Fig. 5 be in the case of each battery equilibrium, when three equivalent Buck-Boost circuits operating points are zero,
The waveform of electric current is flowed through in each inductance.Forward current represents from the inductance left side and flows to the right, negative then be electric current from inductance the right
Flow to the left side.
In the case that Fig. 6 is each battery equilibrium, the current waveform of each metal-oxide-semiconductor.At equilibrium, metal-oxide-semiconductor stream
The average current and inductance crossed are similarly zero.
Fig. 7 is that circuit carries out the inductive current ripple of charging balance to the 3rd battery when the 3rd cell voltage reduces
Shape figure, the L3 in figure are operated in the critical point of continuous forward current pattern.L2 and L1 electric current is still in zero operating point, in practice
Because the voltage of the 3rd battery reduces, L2 and L1 operating point can also be offset up.Now 1,2, No. 4 battery in battery pack
Discharge condition is in, No. 3 batteries are in charged state.
Fig. 8 is when the 3rd cell voltage reduces, and each metal-oxide-semiconductor flows through the oscillogram of electric current in circuit.When battery goes out
When existing uneven, the average current flowed through in metal-oxide-semiconductor is also not zero, and its trend is that to flow to voltage by the high battery-end of voltage low
Battery-end.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. lithium battery pack non-dissipative balance method of multipole bi-directional DC-DC, it is characterised in that：For by n battery battery pack in series, multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit by：Leggy PWM controller, n MOS Pipe, n filter capacitor and n-1 inductance are formed；The source electrode of first metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with battery electrode, and drain electrode is the same as second The source electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected, and the rest may be inferred, and the drain electrode of n-th of metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with battery anode, the left end of first inductance with The drain electrode of first metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected, and the rest may be inferred, and the left end of (n-1)th inductance is connected with the drain electrode of (n-1)th metal-oxide-semiconductor, n-1 The right-hand member of individual inductance and the both positive and negative polarity of battery pack collectively form n+1 transmission pole of multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit, n electric capacity point Be not connected between two adjacent transmission poles and be used as filtering, node that n battery is connected and multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit it is each Individual transmission pole is connected；During normal work, in a work period T, when leggy PWM controller sequentially closes each T/n of a metal-oxide-semiconductor from the n-th to 1 Between the cycle, other time keeps it turned on, and now n metal-oxide-semiconductor, n filter capacitor and n-1 inductance are in leggy PWM controller Driving under can be equivalent to n-1 Buck-Boost bi-directional DC-DC circuit, and mutually nested be cascaded；The two-way DC- of multipole Voltage between the two neighboring transmission pole of DC circuits is strictly clamped down on the 1/n in battery voltage, when between two transmission poles When the cell voltage of connection is less than the voltage, multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit charges to the battery, otherwise battery is two-way by multipole DC-DC circuit is to other battery discharges；By the closing cycle for changing each metal-oxide-semiconductor, thus it is possible to vary the voltage between each transmission pole of multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit, Voltage between two neighboring transmission pole, and the closing cycle of corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor are directly proportional, adjust each adjacent power pole Between voltage, the charging and discharging currents of connected battery can be controlled；Multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit at work, from battery pack remove by the battery between any transmission pole of battery pack, whole electricity Pond group still can have battery connection, Qi Ta electricity according to nominal voltage outside output current between the adjacent transmission pole of any two In the case that Chi Jun is removed, whole battery pack is remained able to according to the external output current of nominal voltage.
- A kind of 2. lithium battery pack non-dissipative balance method of multipole bi-directional DC-DC according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the logic that leggy PWM controller drives each metal-oxide-semiconductor, dead band is added, multipole bi-directional DC-DC circuit can be lifted Voltage adaptation scope, battery pack extremely it is uneven when, operating point can be reduced automatically, prevent equilibrium electric current it is excessive.
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| CN108011425B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-04-16 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Active equalization circuit and method for battery pack |
| CN108429308B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2023-08-22 | 西南交通大学 | Single-capacitor centralized equalizer topology and equalizing method thereof |
| CN110376529B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-09-27 | 浙江磊铭新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage type multifunctional lithium battery detection system |
| CN113875113B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2024-02-27 | 株式会社Lg新能源 | Apparatus and method for balancing parallel connected battery packs |
| CN110912235B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-11-02 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Energy storage system and current equalizing method thereof |
| CN110994748B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-08-27 | 联动天翼新能源有限公司 | Lithium battery passive balance control method |
| CN115001120B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-25 | 合肥华思系统有限公司 | Multi-battery-pack parallel circuit for efficient energy storage system, control method and system |
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| US9331499B2 (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2016-05-03 | Volterra Semiconductor LLC | System, method, module, and energy exchanger for optimizing output of series-connected photovoltaic and electrochemical devices |
| CN203225531U (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-10-02 | 浙江交通职业技术学院 | Active balancing device for electric vehicle power battery pack |
| CN204144970U (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-02-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Pwm signal generating apparatus and battery electric quantity active equalization control system |
| CN104218813B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-08-15 | 浙江大学 | The cascade connection type resonance DC DC translation circuits of inductance capacitance complicated utilization |
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