CN107994651B - Battery equalization circuit and method - Google Patents
Battery equalization circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107994651B CN107994651B CN201711450106.1A CN201711450106A CN107994651B CN 107994651 B CN107994651 B CN 107994651B CN 201711450106 A CN201711450106 A CN 201711450106A CN 107994651 B CN107994651 B CN 107994651B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a battery equalization circuit and a method, wherein the battery equalization circuit comprises a battery pack and an equalization controller connected with the battery pack; the battery pack comprises four battery monomers which are sequentially connected in series, a first capacitor and five control switches which are connected in parallel and used for controlling the connection state of each battery monomer and the first capacitor, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery monomer are respectively connected with the first end of one control switch; the second end of each control switch is connected with the first capacitor; and each control switch, the battery monomer and the first capacitor are respectively connected with the balance controller. The balance control circuit and the balance control method can realize battery balance of a plurality of battery monomers, and simultaneously perform battery balance among the battery packs, thereby shortening the balance time and ensuring the balance efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery equalization, in particular to a battery equalization circuit and a battery equalization method.
Background
Usually, a plurality of battery cells form a power battery pack in a series connection mode to supply power to an electric automobile, and even if inconsistency among the battery cells caused by manufacturing reasons is neglected, the inconsistency is more serious due to the influences of temperature, internal resistance and aging in the working process, so that voltage of the battery pack is unbalanced. The overcharge and overdischarge phenomena can be caused in the charging and discharging process, the cycle service life of the battery pack is finally influenced, and the battery pack fails in advance. In order to prolong the cycle service life of the power battery pack, an effective measure is to perform balance control on the battery pack.
Conventional methods of equalizing the battery pack include an energy consumption type and an energy transfer type. Because the energy consumption type causes serious heating of the battery, influences the reliability of the equalizing circuit, and the energy waste is serious and is not suitable for being used in high-power occasions, the energy transfer type is generally selected, but the existing energy transfer type for equalizing the battery cannot realize equalizing a plurality of battery monomers simultaneously, and the battery equalizing time is too long.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a battery equalization circuit and method capable of simultaneously equalizing a plurality of battery cells and shortening the equalization time.
A battery equalization circuit, comprising: the system comprises a battery pack and a balance controller connected with the battery pack;
the battery pack includes: the battery comprises four battery monomers, a first capacitor and five control switches, wherein the four battery monomers are sequentially connected in series, the five control switches are connected in parallel and are used for controlling the connection state of each battery monomer and the first capacitor, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery monomer are respectively connected with the first end of one control switch; the second end of each control switch is connected with the first capacitor;
each control switch, the battery monomer and the first capacitor are respectively connected with the balance controller.
In one embodiment, the four battery cells include: the battery pack comprises a first battery cell, a second battery cell, a third battery cell and a fourth battery cell; the control switches comprise a first control switch, a second control switch, a third control switch, a fourth control switch and a fifth control switch; the first control switch and the fifth control switch are single-pole single-throw switches, and the second control switch, the third control switch and the fourth control switch are single-pole double-throw switches;
the first end of the first control switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery monomer, and the second end of the first control switch is connected with the first capacitor; the fixed end of the second control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery monomer and the positive electrode of the second battery monomer, and the movable end of the second control switch is connected with the first capacitor; the fixed end of the third control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery cell and the positive electrode of the third battery cell, and the movable end of the third control switch is connected with the first capacitor; the fixed end of the fourth control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery monomer and the positive electrode of the fourth battery monomer, and the movable end of the fourth control switch is connected with the first capacitor; and the first end of the fifth control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the fourth battery cell, and the second end of the fifth control switch is connected with the first capacitor.
In one embodiment, the circuit further comprises: the system comprises N battery packs, a voltage converter, a second capacitor, two single-pole double-throw switches and N +1 single-pole single-throw switches, wherein the battery packs are sequentially connected in series, the voltage converter is connected with the second capacitor, the two single-pole double-throw switches are connected in parallel and are used for controlling the connection state of each battery pack and the voltage converter, and the single-pole single-throw switches are connected in parallel and are used for controlling the connection state of each battery pack and the single;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery pack are respectively connected with the first end of a single-pole single-throw switch; the second end of each single-pole single-throw switch is connected with the moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch; the fixed end of each single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the first end of the voltage converter; the second end of the voltage converter is connected with the second capacitor;
the present invention also provides a battery equalization method implemented in the equalization controller of any one of the above battery equalization circuits, including:
collecting and calculating the voltage of each battery monomer;
judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not;
when the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack; determining adjacent battery monomers as balanced battery monomers, and determining other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers;
controlling a control switch of the equalizing battery monomer to be closed so that the equalizing battery monomer is connected with the first capacitor to charge the first capacitor;
when the voltage of the balancing battery monomer meets the condition, controlling a control switch corresponding to the balancing battery monomer to be switched off;
controlling a control switch of the single battery to be equalized to be closed so that the single battery to be equalized is connected with the first capacitor, and the first capacitor charges the single battery to be equalized;
and when the voltage of the battery monomer to be balanced meets the condition, controlling the control switch corresponding to the battery monomer to be balanced to be switched off.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
calculating the average voltage absolute value of each single battery;
calculating an absolute value of a difference between the cell voltage and an average voltage;
when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average voltage is larger than or equal to a threshold value, determining the single battery as an equalized single battery;
the step of judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack comprises the following steps: judging whether adjacent battery monomers exist in the equalized battery monomers or not;
if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
calculating the average voltage absolute value of each single battery;
calculating an absolute value of a difference between the cell voltage and an average voltage;
when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average voltage is larger than or equal to a threshold value, determining the single battery as an auxiliary equalization single battery;
the step of judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack comprises the following steps: judging whether adjacent battery monomers exist in the auxiliary equalization battery monomers;
if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
In one embodiment, the step of determining whether there is an adjacent battery cell in the equalized battery cells further includes:
judging whether the number of the equalized battery monomers is three or two;
when the number of the equalized battery monomers is three battery monomers, judging whether two adjacent battery monomers exist in the three battery monomers;
if so, judging whether the voltage difference between the two adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the two adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not;
if the voltage difference between two adjacent battery monomers meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the two adjacent battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack; determining that the two adjacent battery monomers are balanced battery monomers, and the other battery monomer is a balanced battery monomer;
if the three battery monomers do not exist, determining that the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the three battery monomers is the balanced battery monomer, and determining that the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is the balanced battery monomer;
when the number of the equalized batteries is two battery monomers, judging whether the two battery monomers are adjacent battery monomers;
if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not;
if the voltage difference between the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack; determining the two battery monomers as balanced battery monomers, and determining the other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers;
if not, determining that the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the two battery monomers is the balancing battery monomer, and determining that the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is the balanced battery monomer.
In one embodiment, when the number of the equalized battery cells is four, the battery cell with the highest voltage in the number of the four battery cells is determined as the equalized battery cell, and the battery cell with the lowest voltage is determined as the equalized battery cell.
In one embodiment, the step of determining whether there is an adjacent cell in the balancing-assisted cells further includes:
judging whether the number of the balance-assisting single batteries is three single batteries or not;
if the number of the balance-assisting single batteries is three, judging whether the three single batteries are continuous adjacent single batteries;
if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the three continuous adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the three continuous adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not;
if the voltage difference of the three continuous adjacent battery monomers meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the three continuous adjacent battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack; and determining the three battery monomers as balanced battery monomers and the other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
collecting and calculating the voltage of each battery pack;
determining the battery pack with the highest voltage as an equalizing battery pack, and determining the battery pack with the lowest voltage as an equalized battery pack;
controlling a control switch of the equalizing battery pack to be closed so that the equalizing battery pack is connected with the second capacitor to charge the second capacitor;
when the voltage of the equalizing battery pack meets the condition, controlling a control switch corresponding to the equalizing battery pack to be switched off;
controlling a control switch of the equalized battery pack to be closed so that the equalized battery monomer is connected with the second capacitor, and the second capacitor charges the equalized battery pack;
and when the voltage of the battery pack to be balanced meets the condition, controlling the control switch corresponding to the battery pack to be balanced to be switched off.
According to the battery equalization circuit and the battery equalization method, the battery equalization circuit acquires the voltages of the battery monomer and the battery pack through the equalization controller, and the battery equalization method is realized by opening and closing the control switch in the control circuit. The battery monomer needing battery equalization is determined by calculating the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery monomer and the battery pack and the average voltage, the battery equalization range is reduced, and the equalization time is saved; whether the voltage difference and the average voltage of adjacent batteries meet the requirements or not is judged, different optimization balancing methods are selected for the balancing batteries and the balanced batteries, battery balancing in a plurality of battery monomers is achieved, balancing time is shortened, balancing efficiency is improved, battery pack balancing can be conducted on the battery pack, and the battery balancing speed is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an equalization circuit for a battery cell in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a battery equalization circuit in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for cell balancing according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating steps of another embodiment of a cell balancing method;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating steps of another embodiment of a cell balancing method;
fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for balancing a battery pack according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a cell balancing circuit of a battery cell according to an embodiment, and as shown in fig. 1, the cell balancing circuit of the battery pack includes a battery pack 10 and a balancing controller 30 connected to the battery pack 10.
The battery pack 10 includes four battery cells connected in series in sequence, and a first capacitor C1The positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery monomer are respectively connected with the first end of one control switch; the second end of each control switch is connected with the first capacitor;
specifically, the four battery cells include a first battery cell BM1-C1A second battery cell BM1-C2And the third battery monomer BM1-C3And a fourth battery cell BM1-C4. The control switch comprises a first control switch S11A second control switch K11And a third control switch K12And a fourth control switch K13And a fifth control switch S12. First control switch S11And a fifth control switch S12Is a single-pole single-throw switch, a second control switch K11And a third control switch K12And a fourth control switch K13Is a single pole double throw switch.
First control switch S11First terminal and first battery cell BM1-C1Is connected with the second end of the first capacitor C1And (4) connecting. Second control switch K11The stationary end and the first battery cell BM1-C1Negative electrode of (1), second battery cell BM1-C2Is connected to the positive pole of the first control switch K11The moving end and the first capacitor C1And (4) connecting. Third control switch K12The stationary end and the second battery cell BM1-C2Negative electrode of (1), third battery cell BM1-C3Is connected to the positive pole, third control switch K12The moving end and the first capacitor C1And (4) connecting. Fourth control switch K13The stationary end and a third battery cell BM1-C3Negative electrode of (1), fourth battery cell BM1-C4Is connected to the positive pole of the fourth control switch K13The moving end and the first capacitor C1And (4) connecting. Fifth control switch S12First terminal and fourth battery cell BM1-C4Is connected with the negative electrode of the first capacitor C, and the second end of the first capacitor C1And (4) connecting. Second control switch K11Moving end bagComprises a+And a-Terminal, third control switch K12The movable end of comprises b+End and b-Terminal, fourth control switch K13The movable end of (a) comprises+End and c-And (4) an end.
A first capacitor C1Is a small-capacity capacitor, an intermediate device for storing and releasing energy of the battery cell. The balance controller 30 is used for collecting the first battery cell B in the battery pack 10M1-C1A second battery cell BM1-C2And the third battery monomer BM1-C3And a fourth battery cell BM1-C4The voltage, the current, the temperature and other data are processed, a single battery cell balancing strategy is formulated according to the data condition in the single battery cell, and a first control switch S is controlled at the same time11A second control switch K11And a third control switch K12And a fourth control switch K13And a fifth control switch S12Closing and opening.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a battery equalization circuit in an embodiment, and as shown in fig. 2, the battery equalization circuit includes N battery packs 10, a voltage converter 20, and a second capacitor C connected in series in sequence2Two single-pole double-throw switches K connected in parallel and used for controlling the connection state of each battery pack and the voltage converter1And K2And N +1 parallel single-pole double-throw switches K for controlling the battery packs1And K2Single-pole single-throw switch S in connection state1、S2、S3……SN+1。
Specifically, the voltage converter 20 is used for realizing the bidirectional energy transfer between the battery packs 10, and the second capacitor C2Is a large-capacity capacitor, an intermediate device for storing and discharging energy of the battery pack 10.
According to the battery equalization circuit, the equalization controller is used for controlling the battery equalization circuit consisting of the capacitor, the voltage converter, the control switch and the battery, the equalization controller is used for judging the electric parameters of the battery and controlling the circuit to realize different battery equalization according to the conditions, so that the battery equalization can be simultaneously carried out in a plurality of battery monomers, the equalization time is shortened, the equalization efficiency is improved, the battery pack equalization can be carried out on the battery pack, and the battery equalization speed is increased.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for balancing battery cells according to an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, including steps S302 to S314.
S302: collecting and calculating the voltage of each battery monomer;
specifically, the battery cell is a single battery, and the balancing controller 30 collects and calculates the voltage of the battery cell to determine whether the voltage of the battery cell is balanced.
S304: and judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
Specifically, the adjacent battery cells are adjacent battery cells, the voltage difference between the adjacent battery cells is the difference between the high-voltage battery cell and the low-voltage battery, the relationship between the adjacent battery cells can be reflected by the voltage difference between the adjacent battery cells, the smaller the voltage difference is, the more balanced the voltage of the adjacent battery cells is, and the larger the voltage difference is, the more unbalanced the voltage between the adjacent battery cells is; comparing the average voltage of the adjacent cells with the total average voltage of each cell in the battery pack reflects whether the voltage of the adjacent cell belongs to a high voltage cell in the battery pack.
S306: when the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack; and determining adjacent battery monomers as balanced battery monomers and other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers.
Specifically, the cell to be equalized is a cell with a high voltage, the voltage value needs to be decreased to obtain an equalized cell, and the cell to be equalized is a cell with a low voltage, and the voltage value needs to be increased to obtain an equalized cell. When the voltage difference between the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition, that is, the voltage difference between the adjacent single batteries is less than 10, and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack, it can be determined that the single battery is unbalanced in voltage and high in voltage, that is, a balanced single battery, and other single batteries are balanced single batteries.
S308: and controlling the control switch of the equalizing battery monomer to be closed so as to connect the equalizing battery monomer with the first capacitor and charge the first capacitor.
Specifically, the control switch is a switch for controlling the connection state between the battery cells and the capacitor, the first capacitor is an intermediate device for storing and releasing the energy of the battery cells, and the first capacitor is an intermediate device for performing battery equalization between the battery cells. And controlling the switch corresponding to the equalizing battery monomer to be closed, so that the equalizing battery monomer is connected with the first capacitor to form a closed path, and charging the first capacitor by the equalizing battery monomer after the closed path is formed.
As shown in fig. 1, if the balancing cell is the first cell BM1-C1And a second battery cell BM1-C2The first battery monomer BM1-C1And a second battery cell BM1-C2The corresponding switch is a first control switch S11And a third control switch K12Closing the first control switch S11Second control switch K12Is closed at the B-end, i.e. the first battery cell BM1-C1A second battery cell BM1-C2And a first capacitor C1A closed passage is formed, and the first battery unit BM1-C1And a second battery cell BM1-C2Is a first capacitor C1And charging is carried out.
S310: and when the voltage of the balancing battery monomer meets the condition, the control switch corresponding to the balancing battery monomer is controlled to be switched off. And the third battery monomer BM1-C3And a fourth battery cell BM1-C4
Specifically, when the equalizing battery cell starts to charge the first capacitor, and the voltage of the equalizing battery cell meets the condition, that is, the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the equalizing battery cell and the total average voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is less than 10, it is indicated that the voltage of the equalizing battery cell is already in an equalizing state, that is, the control switch corresponding to the equalizing battery cell can be turned off, and the equalizing battery cell ends charging the first capacitor.
When the first battery monomer BM1-C1And a second battery cell BM1-C2Voltage of and first battery cell BM1-C1A second battery cell BM1-C2And the third battery monomer BM1-C3And a fourth battery cell BM1-C4Is less than 10, it indicates that the first cell B can be terminatedM1-C1And a second battery cell BM1-C2For the first capacitor C1The state of charge, the first control switch S is switched off11And a third control switch K12。
S312: and controlling the control switch of the balanced battery monomer to be closed so as to connect the balanced battery monomer with the first capacitor, and charging the balanced battery monomer by the first capacitor.
Specifically, the cell to be equalized is a cell that requires a capacitor to charge the cell. And controlling the corresponding control switch of the balanced battery monomer to be closed so that the balanced battery monomer and the first capacitor form a closed path, and charging the balanced battery monomer by the first capacitor after the closed path is formed.
As shown in fig. 1, if the cell to be equalized is the third cell BM1-C3The third battery monomer BM1-C3The corresponding switch is a third control switch K12And a fourth control switch K13Third control switch K12The movable end of the valve is closed and arranged at b+Terminal, fourth control switch K13Is closed at the movable end of C-Terminal, i.e. third battery cell BM1-C3And a first capacitor C1A closed path is formed, a first capacitor C1Is a third battery monomer BM1-C3And charging is carried out.
S314: and when the voltage of the balanced battery monomer meets the condition, the control switch corresponding to the balanced battery monomer is controlled to be switched off.
Specifically, when the voltage of the equalized battery cell meets the condition after the first capacitor starts to charge the equalized battery cell, and the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the equalized battery cell and the total average voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack is smaller than 10, it is indicated that the voltage of the equalized battery cell is already in a balanced state, that is, the control switch corresponding to the equalized battery cell can be turned off, and the state that the first capacitor charges the equalized battery cell is ended.
When the third battery monomer BM1-C3Voltage of and first battery cell BM1-C1A second battery cell BM1-C2And the third battery monomer BM1-C3And a fourth battery cell BM1-C4Is less than 10, indicating that the first capacitor C can be terminated1For the third battery monomer BM1-C3The charging state is performed, and the third control switch K is turned off12B of (a)+Terminal and fourth control switch K13C of (A)-And finally, finishing charging.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating steps of another embodiment of a method for balancing battery cells, as shown in fig. 4, including steps S402 to S410.
S402: the average voltage of each cell was calculated.
Specifically, the average voltage of each battery cell is an average voltage value of voltages of four battery cells connected in series in the battery pack.
S404: the absolute value of the difference between each cell voltage and the average voltage is calculated.
Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of each battery cell and the average voltage of the four battery cells in the battery pack is the difference between the voltage of the battery cell and the voltage of the battery pack, and whether the battery cell needs to be subjected to battery equalization can be determined through the difference.
S406: and when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery cell and the average voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold value, determining the battery cell as the equalized battery cell.
Specifically, the cell to be equalized is a cell that needs to be equalized by itself. That is, when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery cell and the average voltage is greater than or equal to 10, it can be determined that the battery cell is the battery cell requiring equalization and is an equalized battery cell.
S408: the step of judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack comprises the following steps: and judging whether adjacent battery cells exist in the equalized battery cells.
Specifically, whether adjacent battery cells exist in the equalized battery cells or not is judged, and the adjacent battery cells are equalized with other battery cells as a whole, so that the traditional mode that battery equalization can be performed only one by one is broken, and a many-to-one battery equalization method is realized.
S410: if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
Specifically, in one embodiment, steps S1 through S9 are included.
S1: and judging the number of the equalized battery monomers to be three battery monomers or two battery monomers.
Specifically, when the number of the equalized battery cells is three battery cells and two battery cells, it can be determined whether there is an adjacent battery cell from the equalized battery cells.
S2: and when the number of the balanced battery monomers is three battery monomers, judging whether two adjacent battery monomers exist in the three battery monomers.
Specifically, when the number of the battery cells to be equalized is three, if two adjacent battery cells exist in the three battery cells, the battery cells can be considered as a whole to be equalized, so that the equalization steps are saved, and the equalization time is shortened.
S3: if so, judging whether the voltage difference between the two adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the two adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
Specifically, it is determined that the voltage difference between two adjacent battery cells, that is, the difference between the voltage of the battery cell with the higher voltage and the voltage of the battery cell with the lower voltage among the two adjacent battery cells is less than or equal to 10, which indicates that the two adjacent battery cells are battery cells with a small voltage difference, and the battery equalization can be performed as a whole only if the voltage difference between the two adjacent battery cells is not large. And when the average voltage of two adjacent battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack, whether the battery pack with the two battery monomers being equalized is a high-voltage battery monomer can be determined.
S4: if the voltage difference between two adjacent battery monomers meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the two adjacent battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack; and determining that two adjacent battery monomers are balanced battery monomers, and the other battery monomer is a balanced battery monomer.
Specifically, when the voltage difference between the adjacent battery cells is not large and the battery cells are high voltage, it can be determined that the adjacent battery cells are balanced battery cells, and the remaining one of the three sections is balanced battery cells.
S5: if the three battery monomers do not exist, determining that the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the three battery monomers is the balanced battery monomer, and determining that the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is the balanced battery monomer.
Specifically, if no adjacent battery monomer exists in the balanced battery monomers, that is, whether the voltage difference and the average voltage of the adjacent battery monomers meet the conditions cannot be judged, a many-to-one battery balancing method cannot be realized, a traditional one-to-one method is adopted, the battery monomers with the highest voltage and the lowest voltage are determined in the three battery monomers, the battery monomer with the highest voltage is a balanced battery monomer, the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is a balanced battery monomer, the battery balancing controller judges whether the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the three battery monomers and the average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack is less than 10 after the balancing is finished, if the absolute value is not met, the battery monomer with the highest voltage and the average voltage of each battery monomer in the three battery cells is judged again, and the battery balancing is carried out again, and finishing the battery equalization until the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the three battery monomers and the average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack is less than 10.
S6: and when the number of the equalized batteries is two battery monomers, judging whether the two battery monomers are adjacent battery monomers.
S7: if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
Specifically, if the number of the equalized battery cells is two battery cells, and the two battery cells are adjacent battery cells. There are only two cases, namely, in the four battery cells connected in series, the first two or the third four battery cells are equalized battery cells.
S8: if the voltage difference between the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack; and determining that the two battery monomers are balanced battery monomers, and the other battery monomers are balanced battery monomers.
Specifically, when the first and second cells are balanced battery cells, the voltage difference of the first and second battery cells is less than 10, and the average voltage is greater than the total average voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack, so that the first and second battery cells are balanced battery cells, the third and fourth battery cells are balanced battery cells, firstly, the third and fourth battery cells of the balanced battery cells are subjected to battery balancing in a one-to-one balancing manner, and then, the balanced third and fourth battery cells are balanced with the first and second battery cells, that is, the first and second battery cells and the third and fourth battery cells are respectively taken as a whole to be subjected to battery balancing.
Similarly, when the third four battery cells are equalized battery cells, the voltage difference of the third four battery cells is less than 10, and the average voltage is greater than the total average voltage of each battery cell in the battery pack, so that the third four battery cells are equalized battery cells, the first two battery cells are equalized battery cells, firstly, the first two battery cells of the equalized battery cells are subjected to battery equalization in a one-to-one equalization mode, and then, the equalized first two battery cells and the equalized third four battery cells are subjected to equalization.
S9: if not, determining that the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the two battery monomers is the balancing battery monomer, and determining that the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is the balanced battery monomer.
Specifically, if there is no adjacent battery cell, that is, the battery cell with the highest voltage and the battery cell with the lowest voltage are determined from the two equalized battery cells, the battery cell with the highest voltage is used as the equalized battery cell, and the battery cell with the lowest voltage is used as the equalized battery cell.
In another embodiment, when the number of the equalized battery cells is four, the battery cell with the highest voltage in the number of the four battery cells is determined as the equalized battery cell, and the battery cell with the lowest voltage is determined as the equalized battery cell.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating steps of another embodiment of a method for balancing battery cells, as shown in fig. 5, including steps S502 to S510.
S502: the average voltage of each cell was calculated.
Specifically, the average voltage of each battery cell is an average voltage value of voltages of four battery cells connected in series in the battery pack.
S504: the absolute value of the difference between each cell voltage and the average voltage is calculated.
Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of each battery cell and the average voltage of the four battery cells in the battery pack is the difference between the voltage of the battery cell and the voltage of the battery pack, the battery cell with the larger difference is the battery cell with the higher or lower voltage, the battery cell with the higher or lower voltage is the battery cell without balance, and the battery cell without balance can be determined through the difference.
S506: and when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery cell and the average voltage is smaller than a threshold value, determining the battery cell as an auxiliary equalization battery cell.
Specifically, the cell for balancing assistance is a cell which does not need to be balanced, but needs to help other cells needing to be balanced. Therefore, when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery cell and the average voltage is less than 10, the battery cell is used for assisting in balancing.
S508: the step of judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack comprises the following steps: and judging whether adjacent single batteries exist in the balance-assisting single batteries.
S510: if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
Specifically, in one embodiment, steps S1 through S4 are included.
S1: and judging whether the number of the balancing-assisting single batteries is three single batteries.
Specifically, when the number of the auxiliary balancing battery cells is three, that is, the remaining battery cells are the battery cells requiring balancing, and when only one battery cell is the battery requiring balancing, balancing can be performed only by means of other battery cells. Therefore, there is only one case where the cell balancing aid is required.
S2: and if the number of the auxiliary equalizing single batteries is three, judging whether the three single batteries are continuous adjacent single batteries.
S3: if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the three continuous adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the three continuous adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
S4: if the voltage difference of the three continuous adjacent battery monomers meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the three continuous adjacent battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack; and determining the three battery monomers as balanced battery monomers and the other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a balancing method for a battery pack according to an embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, including steps S602 to S612.
S602: and collecting and calculating the voltage of each battery pack.
Specifically, the voltage of the battery pack is the sum of the voltages of the four serially connected battery cells, and the sum of the voltages of the four serially connected battery cells is collected and calculated.
S604: and determining the battery pack with the highest voltage as an equalizing battery pack, and determining the battery pack with the lowest voltage as an equalized battery pack.
Specifically, the battery pack with the highest voltage is determined as an equalizing battery pack, and the equalizing battery pack is a battery pack for charging the second capacitor; the battery pack with the lowest voltage is the battery pack to be equalized, and the battery pack to be equalized is the battery pack charged by the second capacitor.
S606: and controlling a control switch of the equalizing battery pack to be closed so that the equalizing battery pack is connected with the second capacitor to charge the second capacitor.
Specifically, the control switch corresponding to the equalizing battery pack is controlled to be closed, so that the equalizing battery pack is connected with the second capacitor to form a closed path, and the second capacitor can be charged.
S608: and when the voltage of the equalizing battery pack meets the condition, the control switch corresponding to the equalizing battery pack is controlled to be switched off.
Specifically, when the absolute value of the difference value obtained by subtracting the total average voltage of all the N batteries from the voltage of the equalizing battery pack is less than 10, that is, the voltage of the equalizing battery pack meets the condition, the control switch corresponding to the equalizing battery pack is controlled to be disconnected, the equalizing battery pack is disconnected from the second capacitor, and the equalizing battery is finished charging the second capacitor.
S610: and controlling a control switch of the equalized battery pack to be closed so as to connect the equalized battery monomer with a second capacitor, and charging the equalized battery pack by the second capacitor.
Specifically, the control switch corresponding to the balanced battery pack is controlled to be closed, so that the balanced battery monomer is connected with the human capacitor to form an annular passage, and the second capacitor can charge the balanced battery.
S612: and when the voltage of the balanced battery pack meets the condition, the control switch corresponding to the balanced battery pack is controlled to be switched off.
Specifically, when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the equalized battery pack and the total average voltage of all the N battery packs is less than 10, namely the voltage of the equalized battery pack meets the condition, the switch corresponding to the equalized battery pack is controlled to be disconnected after the equalized battery is charged, the second capacitor is disconnected with the equalized battery pack, and battery pack equalization is completed. And the battery pack is used for balancing the batteries at the same time, so that the balancing speed is increased, and the balancing efficiency is improved.
According to the battery equalization circuit and the battery equalization method, the battery equalization circuit acquires the voltages of the battery monomer and the battery pack through the equalization controller, and the battery equalization method is realized by opening and closing the control switch in the control circuit. The battery balancing method determines the battery monomer needing battery balancing by calculating the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the battery monomer and the battery pack and the average voltage, reduces the battery balancing range and saves the balancing time; whether the voltage difference and the average voltage of adjacent batteries meet the requirements or not is judged, different optimization balancing methods are selected for the balancing batteries and the balanced batteries, battery balancing in a plurality of battery monomers is achieved, balancing time is shortened, balancing efficiency is improved, battery pack balancing can be conducted on the battery pack, and the battery balancing speed is increased.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A battery equalization circuit, comprising: the system comprises a battery pack and a balance controller connected with the battery pack;
the battery pack includes: the battery comprises four battery monomers, a first capacitor and five control switches, wherein the four battery monomers are sequentially connected in series, the five control switches are connected in parallel and are used for controlling the connection state of each battery monomer and the first capacitor, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery monomer are respectively connected with the first end of one control switch; the second end of each control switch is connected with the first capacitor;
each control switch, the battery monomer and the first capacitor are respectively connected with the balance controller;
the balance controller collects and calculates the voltage of each battery monomer; judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not; when the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack; determining adjacent battery monomers as balanced battery monomers, and determining other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers; controlling a control switch of the equalizing battery monomer to be closed so that the equalizing battery monomer is connected with the first capacitor to charge the first capacitor; when the voltage of the balancing battery monomer meets the condition, controlling a control switch corresponding to the balancing battery monomer to be switched off; controlling a control switch of the single battery to be equalized to be closed so that the single battery to be equalized is connected with the first capacitor, and the first capacitor charges the single battery to be equalized; and when the voltage of the battery monomer to be balanced meets the condition, controlling the control switch corresponding to the battery monomer to be balanced to be switched off.
2. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1 wherein said equalization controller calculates an average voltage of each of said cells; calculating the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of each battery cell and the average voltage; when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average voltage is larger than or equal to a threshold value, determining the single battery as an equalized single battery; the step of judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack comprises the following steps: judging whether adjacent battery monomers exist in the equalized battery monomers or not; if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
3. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1 wherein said equalization controller calculates an average voltage of each of said cells; calculating an absolute value of a difference between the cell voltage and an average voltage; when the absolute value of the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average voltage is smaller than a threshold value, determining the single battery as an auxiliary equalization single battery; the step of judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is larger than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack comprises the following steps: judging whether adjacent battery monomers exist in the auxiliary equalization battery monomers; if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not.
4. The battery equalization circuit according to claim 2, wherein the equalization controller determines whether the number of the equalized battery cells is three battery cells or two battery cells; when the number of the equalized battery monomers is three battery monomers, judging whether two adjacent battery monomers exist in the three battery monomers; if so, judging whether the voltage difference between the two adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the two adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not; if the voltage difference between two adjacent battery monomers meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the two adjacent battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack; determining that the two adjacent battery monomers are balanced battery monomers, and the other battery monomer is a balanced battery monomer; if the three battery monomers do not exist, determining that the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the three battery monomers is the balanced battery monomer, and determining that the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is the balanced battery monomer; when the number of the equalized batteries is two battery monomers, judging whether the two battery monomers are adjacent battery monomers; if so, judging whether the voltage difference of the adjacent single batteries meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack or not; if the voltage difference between the adjacent single batteries meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the adjacent single batteries is greater than the total average voltage of each single battery in the battery pack; determining the two battery monomers as balanced battery monomers, and determining the other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers; if not, determining that the battery monomer with the highest voltage in the two battery monomers is the balancing battery monomer, and determining that the battery monomer with the lowest voltage is the balanced battery monomer.
5. The battery equalization circuit according to claim 4, wherein when the equalization controller determines that the number of the equalized battery cells is four battery cells, it determines that the battery cell with the highest voltage among the number of the four battery cells is the equalized battery cell, and the battery cell with the lowest voltage is the equalized battery cell.
6. The battery equalization circuit according to claim 3, wherein the equalization controller determines whether the number of the auxiliary equalization battery cells is three battery cells; if the number of the balance-assisting single batteries is three, judging whether the three single batteries are continuous adjacent single batteries; if the three battery monomers are continuously adjacent battery monomers, judging whether the voltage difference of the three battery monomers meets a preset condition or not, and whether the average voltage of the three battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack or not; if the voltage difference of the three battery monomers meets the preset condition and the average voltage of the three battery monomers is greater than the total average voltage of each battery monomer in the battery pack; and determining the three battery monomers as balanced battery monomers and the other battery monomers as balanced battery monomers.
7. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein the four battery cells comprise: the battery pack comprises a first battery cell, a second battery cell, a third battery cell and a fourth battery cell; the control switches comprise a first control switch, a second control switch, a third control switch, a fourth control switch and a fifth control switch; the first control switch and the fifth control switch are single-pole single-throw switches, and the second control switch, the third control switch and the fourth control switch are single-pole double-throw switches;
the first end of the first control switch is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery monomer, and the second end of the first control switch is connected with the first capacitor; the fixed end of the second control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery monomer and the positive electrode of the second battery monomer, and the movable end of the second control switch is connected with the first capacitor; the fixed end of the third control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery cell and the positive electrode of the third battery cell, and the movable end of the third control switch is connected with the first capacitor; the fixed end of the fourth control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery monomer and the positive electrode of the fourth battery monomer, and the movable end of the fourth control switch is connected with the first capacitor; and the first end of the fifth control switch is connected with the negative electrode of the fourth battery cell, and the second end of the fifth control switch is connected with the first capacitor.
8. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1 or 7, wherein the circuit further comprises: the system comprises N battery packs, a voltage converter, a second capacitor, two single-pole double-throw switches and N +1 single-pole single-throw switches, wherein the battery packs are sequentially connected in series, the voltage converter is connected with the second capacitor, the two single-pole double-throw switches are connected in parallel and are used for controlling the connection state of each battery pack and the voltage converter, and the single-pole single-throw switches are connected in parallel and are used for controlling the connection state of each battery pack and the single;
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery pack are respectively connected with the first end of a single-pole single-throw switch; the second end of each single-pole single-throw switch is connected with the moving end of the single-pole double-throw switch; the fixed end of each single-pole double-throw switch is connected with the first end of the voltage converter; the second end of the voltage converter is connected with the second capacitor;
the balance controller collects and calculates the voltage of each battery pack; determining the battery pack with the highest voltage as an equalizing battery pack, and determining the battery pack with the lowest voltage as an equalized battery pack; controlling a control switch of the equalizing battery pack to be closed so that the equalizing battery pack is connected with the second capacitor to charge the second capacitor;
when the voltage of the equalizing battery pack meets the condition, controlling a control switch corresponding to the equalizing battery pack to be switched off; controlling a control switch of the equalized battery pack to be closed so that the equalized battery pack is connected with the second capacitor, and the second capacitor charges the equalized battery pack; and when the voltage of the battery pack to be balanced meets the condition, controlling the control switch corresponding to the battery pack to be balanced to be switched off.
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| WO2015133401A1 (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-09-11 | 日本電気株式会社 | Control unit, storage battery system, battery cell balancing method, and program |
| CN103956802B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-08-24 | 山东大学 | Cells to cells equalizing circuit based on switch matrix and LC resonant transformation and method |
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