CN104396840A - Factory-like circulated water mixed cultivation method of oplegnathus punctatus and cynoglossus semilaevis - Google Patents
Factory-like circulated water mixed cultivation method of oplegnathus punctatus and cynoglossus semilaevis Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 241001014350 Cynoglossus semilaevis Species 0.000 title claims description 67
- 241000353171 Oplegnathus punctatus Species 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241001494106 Stenotomus chrysops Species 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000269978 Pleuronectiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001595453 Symphurus nigrescens Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a factory-like circulated water mixed cultivation method of oplegnathus punctatus and cynoglossus semilaevism, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. According to the method, juvenile oplegnathus punctatus and cynoglossus semilaevism are cultivated in a circulated water cultivation system together, by adjusting the cultivating size, the cultivating order, the cultivating density ratio, the management strategy and the water quality condition of the two marine fishes, the interspecific competition is reduced or avoided, mixed cultivation of oplegnathus punctatus and cynoglossus semilaevism is achieved, and the cultivation efficiency of a unit water body is improved. By adopting the method, the interspecific competition of the two fishes is effectively avoided, the space of a cultivation water body is efficiently utilized, the temperature control cost of the cultivation water body is lowered, the cultivation efficiency of the unit water body is remarkably improved, the water flow speed inside a cultivation pond is increased, the discharge efficiency of granules such as the manure inside the cultivation pond is increased, the water treatment pressure of the circulated water cultivation system is alleviated, and the cultivation biological capacity of the cultivation system is remarkably increased. The invention provides a novel idea and a novel method for factory-like circulated water cultivation of marine fishes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, specifically rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis mixed cultivation method under a kind of industrial circulating water cultivating condition.
Background technology
Rock porgy (Oplegnathuspunctatus) is under the jurisdiction of Perciformes, Shi Diao section, stone porgy belongs to, and is mainly distributed in the marine sites such as Korea, Japan and TaiWan, China island, the South Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, fine and tender taste, good looking appearance, there is higher economic worth and ornamental value, its ferociousness of ingesting, growth fast, but is coerced particularly responsive to cultivation density, under conventional cultivation condition, the rock porgy breeding density of body weight 50-100g is more than 5kg/m
3time, its body surface easily festers, and intraspecific competition aggravation, growth rate and bait utilization obviously reduce, and therefore not yet set up high-density breeding technology at present, rock porgy is as emerging famous and precious marine fish, its relevant cultural technique research is less, near barren.Cynoglossus semilaevis (Cynoglossussemilaevis) belongs to Pleuronectiformes, Cynoglossidae, tongue sole belongs to, and is that the one being distributed in China coast warms up the large-scale demersal fishes in warm nature coastal waters, the wide temperature of tool, wide salt and adapt to the feature of changeable environmental condition.Cynoglossus semilaevis natural resources amount is few, delicious meat, and nutritious economic worth is high, and be China's flounder flounder class Important Economic species, its aquaculture model, based on pond and batch production flowing water, is also the important kind of Northern Coastal Region circulating water cultivation.
Relative to traditional aquaculture models such as pond, batch production flowing water, circulating water cultivation has that breeding facility equipment advanced person, efficient administration, breeding environment are controlled, breeding production is high by regional space restriction, cultured output, can the feature such as products quality guarantee safety and balanced listing, society, economy and ecological benefits are good, and being known as in the world is the main development direction of modern mariculture industry.But in China because industrial circulating water cultivating technical research is started late, science and technology support is not enough, enterprise lacks technical standard, production model disunity, and many difficult points and problem continue to bring out, operation level is uneven, seriously constrains the healthy and rapid development of circulating water cultivation technology.Industrial circulating water cultivating rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis technology are still in exploration and improvement stage, and cultural technique and administrative standard demand perfection urgently.
Mixed breed refers to the cultivation behavior implemented in same Water space according to the difference of different plant species growing space and trophic level.In pond, the mode of raising together with such as fishes and shrimps, fish shellfish, fish soft-shelled turtle still belongs to extensive management, and technology door hurdle is relatively low, applies comparatively general.But carry out very few for the fish mixed culturing technology research of industrial circulating water cultivating system, rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis batch production mixed culturing technology have no report especially.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method providing a kind of rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis.Rock porgy juvenile fish and Cynoglossus semilaevis mixing are put in a suitable place to breed in circulating water culture system by the present invention; by adjusting two kinds of fish stocking sizes, putting order, cultivation density ratio, management strategy and condition of water quality in a suitable place to breed; reduce or avoid interspecies competition; realize rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis mixed breed, improve unit of water body cultivation efficiency.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, choosing rock porgy healthy seedling body weight is 50-100g, chooses 2.0 times that Cynoglossus semilaevis body weight is not less than rock porgy body weight; The breeding density of Cynoglossus semilaevis is 40-50 tail/m
2, rock porgy breeding density is Cynoglossus semilaevis 1/3-1/2.
Further, described Cynoglossus semilaevis should be put in a suitable place to breed prior to rock porgy, two kinds of fishes put in a suitable place to breed the time interval >=4 days.
Further, during described mixed breed, rock porgy of throwing something and feeding in advance to being satiated with food, after interval 0.5-1 hour, Cynoglossus semilaevis feed of throwing something and feeding.
Further, described Cynoglossus semilaevis feeding volume accounts for the 1-2% of fish body weight, throws something and feeds day 2 times.
Further, during described mixed breed, take periodicity of illumination 12L:12D, luminous intensity 300-500 lux; Maintain water temperature 23-25 DEG C, dissolved oxygen 7-9mg/L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, cultured water≤0.2mg/L, COD≤1.5mg/L, salinity 27-33 ‰ in culturing pool, depth of water 70-100cm in culturing pool, water velocity 15-20cm/ second.
Further, described mixed cultivation method belongs to interim mixed breed, durations 3.5-4.5 month, meets rock porgy and reaches listing specification requirement, and Cynoglossus semilaevis can be selected to carry out classification and continue breeding production.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
The present invention effectively can avoid two kinds of fish interspecies competitions, efficiency utilization breeding water body space, significantly improve unit of water body cultivation efficiency and winter temperature control energy utilization rate, reduce production cost; In the present invention, rock porgy cultivation density is relatively low, and intraspecific competition is more weak, and growth rate is significantly faster than the cultivation of rock porgy conventional factoryization, and Cynoglossus semilaevis growth is unaffected; Rock porgy is utilized to have swimming type Fish behavior feature, relatively single cynoglossus semilaevis cultivation, mixed breed can obviously increase water velocity in culturing pool, to improve in culturing pool the particles such as ight soil and get rid of efficiency, reduce circulating water culture system water treatment pressure, significantly improve cultivating system aquaculture organism bearing capacity.The present invention has enriched the technical connotation of batch production cycle water cultivation, for ensureing fish welfare, realizing healthy aquaculture and providing a kind of new approaches and new method.
Cynoglossus semilaevis belongs to the end and to dwell sole class, and to culturing pool, waters availability is extremely low at the middle and upper levels; Though rock porgy belongs to cay fish, happiness cluster moves about, can efficiency utilization culturing pool waters at the middle and upper levels, and adverse current is moved about.In addition, rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis suitable temperature range are comparatively wide, have similar thermophilic interval, on the other hand, Cynoglossus semilaevis is as the main industrial aquaculture kind of northern China, and winter, temperature control pressure was large, and lower breeding spaces availability certainly will cause temperature control energy waste too much.Therefore, according to the growing space of rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis, Physiological Ecology otherness and common requirement, utilize circulating water culture system technical advantage, by optimizing and revising two kinds of marine fish culture technology and management method, set up rock porgy and the efficient mixed culturing technology scheme of Cynoglossus semilaevis, can improve unit of water body cultivation efficiency and winter temperature control energy utilization rate, reduce production cost, for seawater fish industrial circulating water cultivating provides a kind of new approaches and new method.
Because rock porgy happiness is travelling, vigor of ingesting is good, choose Cynoglossus semilaevis specification if raise together with in scheme implementation process too small, easily cause rock porgy initiatively to alarm Cynoglossus semilaevis, cause food intaking of Banhuashe Soleidae fish vigor obviously reduce or do not ingest, affect Cynoglossus semilaevis growth, being in normal growth state for realizing two kinds of fish, reducing interspecies competition, according to experiment conclusion, choosing rock porgy healthy seedling body weight is 50-100g, and Cynoglossus semilaevis body weight is not less than 2.0 times of rock porgy body weight.According to choose Cynoglossus semilaevis body weight adjustment breeding density be 40-50 tail/m
2.In addition, for ensureing that the normal population behaviors such as systematicness cluster moves about appear in rock porgy, can avoid again that rock porgy population quantity is excessive affects food intaking of Banhuashe Soleidae fish and own growth, the present invention determines the optimal proportion that two kinds of fishes are raised together with, and namely rock porgy breeding density is Cynoglossus semilaevis 1/3-1/2.
Because Cynoglossus semilaevis belongs to benthon feeding fish, like quiet, easily sturt, if put rock porgy in advance in a suitable place to breed or two kinds of fishes are put in a suitable place to breed simultaneously, Cynoglossus semilaevis is not then ingested for a long time, and effect is raised together with in the large impact of food calling difficulty, therefore described Cynoglossus semilaevis should be put in a suitable place to breed prior to rock porgy, until Cynoglossus semilaevis is stable ingest after after 3-4 days, put rock porgy in a suitable place to breed immediately, two kinds of fishes put in a suitable place to breed the time interval >=4 days.
Because rock porgy is ingested relatively violent, happiness cluster is ingested, and sinking property of Cynoglossus semilaevis eating bait, seldom play water when looking for food, two kinds of fish eating habits are significantly different; After ingesting because rock porgy is concentrated on the other hand, dissolved oxygen in water reduces rapidly, and suspension increases, significantly affect food intaking of Banhuashe Soleidae fish, therefore during described mixed breed, rock porgy of throwing something and feeding in advance to being satiated with food, after interval 0.5-1 hour, Cynoglossus semilaevis business of throwing something and feeding manufactured feed feeding volume accounts for fish body weight 1-2%, throws something and feeds day 2 times.
The present invention adjusts two kinds of fish stocking sizes according to above research conclusion, puts order, cultivation density ratio, management strategy and condition of water quality in a suitable place to breed; reduce or avoid interspecies competition; successfully realize rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis mixed breed, improve unit of water body cultivation efficiency.
Embodiment
In the following examples, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rock porgy and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, concrete operations are as follows:
Laizhou branch company cynoglossus semilaevis cultivation workshop, ocean, east is often overlapped circulating water culture system and to be bored by Microfilter, protein foam separator, uviol lamp, ozone, oxygen and the unit for treating water that forms of biofilter and 10 culturing pools are formed, each culturing pool is adjusted to depth of water 80cm, and effective breeding water body is about 24m
3.
Put quantity and specification in a suitable place to breed: select two cover systems, it is 72.4 grams of rock porgy 500 tails that counterpoise is put in every pond in a suitable place to breed, amounts to 10,000 tails; Counterpoise is 150.4 grams of Cynoglossus semilaevis 1200 tails, amounts to 2.4 ten thousand tails, implements mixed breed.
Put order in a suitable place to breed: first put Cynoglossus semilaevis in a suitable place to breed in system, about ingest after stablizing 4 days, then put into rock porgy, raise together with 36 hours latter two fishes and all can normally ingest.
Aquaculture management: raise together with period, adopts rotation to throw something and feed strategy, rock porgy of namely throwing something and feeding in advance, use seven good " match fresh fish " board grouper special compound feed, day to throw something and feed 2 times, fixed point, concentrate waters to throw something and feed and to be satiated with food to the shoal of fish and scatter, raise together with average feeding volume in the cycle and account for fish body weight 1.61%; After 40 minutes, then throwing something and feeding to Cynoglossus semilaevis in interval, uses Cynoglossus semilaevis special compound feed, throw something and feed day 2 times, evenly shed; Take periodicity of illumination 12L:12D, luminous intensity about 300 lux; Average temperature 24.06 DEG C in culturing pool, dissolved oxygen 8.9mg/L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.4mg/L, cultured water≤0.2mg/L, COD≤1.5mg/L, salinity 29 ‰, in culturing pool, the depth of water is about 80cm, and water velocity is about 20cm/ second.
Raise together with the cycle: this mixed breed implementation cycle, from November 20,19 days to 2014 July in 2014, amounts to 124 days.
Culture efficiency: through 124 days mixed breeds, rock porgy counterpoise rose to 502.47 grams from 72.4 grams, rate of body weight gain is 594.02%, and specific growth rate is 1.54%, survival rate 97.2%; Comparatively large owing to putting initial stage Cynoglossus semilaevis specification in a suitable place to breed, raun ratio reaches more than 90%, and female Cynoglossus semilaevis counterpoise rises to 596.73 grams from 150.4 grams, and rate of body weight gain is 296.76%, and specific growth rate is 1.11%, overall survival rate 91.08%; The final cultivation density of rock porgy is 10.18kg/m
3, the final cultivation density of Cynoglossus semilaevis is about 20.45kg/m
2.Due to after 124 days mixed breeds, rock porgy has reached listing specification, and Cynoglossus semilaevis continues breeding production after carrying out classification, and this time mixed breed terminates.
Culture efficiency contrasts: cultivate as contrast with same batch of rock porgy of other production group and Cynoglossus semilaevis fry, wherein 2000 tails are put in the every pond of rock porgy cultivating system in a suitable place to breed, initial counterpoise is 71.5 grams, 1200 tails are put in the every pond of cynoglossus semilaevis cultivation system in a suitable place to breed, initial counterpoise is 148.24 grams, through cultivation in 124 days, control group (single variety cultivation) rock porgy rises to 415.24 grams, rate of body weight gain is 480.76%, specific growth rate is 1.42%, survival rate 92.47%, final cultivation density is about 19.2kg/m
3; Control group (single variety cultivation) female Cynoglossus semilaevis counterpoise rises to 598.07 grams, and rate of body weight gain is 303.45%, and specific growth rate is 1.12%, survival rate 90.83%, and final cultivation density is about 20.5kg/m
2learn that mixed breed group Cynoglossus semilaevis and control group are at rate of body weight gain by data analysis, specific growth rate and survival rate aspect are without significant difference, and mixed breed group rock porgy is at rate of body weight gain, and specific growth rate and survival rate aspect are all significantly better than control group (single variety cultivation).In addition, mixed breed compares single cynoglossus semilaevis cultivation every cube water body many results 10kg rock porgy.As can be seen here, this mixed culturing technology concept feasible is high, can significantly improve unit of water body cultivation efficiency.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. rock porgy and a Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, it is characterized in that described mixed breed chooses rock porgy healthy seedling body weight is 50-100g, chooses 2.0 times that Cynoglossus semilaevis body weight is not less than rock porgy; Cynoglossus semilaevis breeding density is 40-50 tail/m
2, rock porgy breeding density is the 1/3-1/2 of Cynoglossus semilaevis breeding density.
2. a kind of rock porgy according to claim 1 and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, is characterized in that described Cynoglossus semilaevis should be put in a suitable place to breed prior to rock porgy, two kinds of fishes put in a suitable place to breed the time interval >=4 days.
3. a kind of rock porgy according to claim 1 and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, during it is characterized in that described mixed breed, rock porgy of throwing something and feeding in advance to being satiated with food, after interval 0.5-1 hour, Cynoglossus semilaevis feed of throwing something and feeding.
4. a kind of rock porgy according to claim 3 and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, is characterized in that described Cynoglossus semilaevis feeding volume accounts for the 1-2% of fish body weight, throws something and feeds day 2 times.
5. a kind of rock porgy according to claim 1 and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, during it is characterized in that described mixed breed, take periodicity of illumination 12L:12D, luminous intensity 300-500 lux; Maintain water temperature 23-25 DEG C, dissolved oxygen 7-9mg/L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, cultured water≤0.2mg/L, COD≤1.5mg/L, salinity 27-33 ‰ in culturing pool, depth of water 70-100cm in culturing pool, water velocity 15-20cm/ second.
6. a kind of rock porgy according to claim 1 and Cynoglossus semilaevis industrial circulating water mixed cultivation method, it is characterized in that described mixed cultivation method belongs to interim mixed breed, durations 3.5-4.5 month, meet rock porgy and reach listing specification requirement, Cynoglossus semilaevis can be selected to carry out classification and continue breeding production.
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| CN107864901B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2020-04-17 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Large floating type purse net fish ecological mixed culture method |
| CN112913732A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-08 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method of fish of flounder |
| CN114190307A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-18 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Cynoglossus semilaevis circulating water culture enteritis prevention and treatment method |
| CN114190307B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-02-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Cynoglossus semilaevis circulating water culture enteritis prevention and treatment method |
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