CN104396075A - 机动车中的燃料电池堆的排风引导装置 - Google Patents

机动车中的燃料电池堆的排风引导装置 Download PDF

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CN104396075A
CN104396075A CN201380034563.6A CN201380034563A CN104396075A CN 104396075 A CN104396075 A CN 104396075A CN 201380034563 A CN201380034563 A CN 201380034563A CN 104396075 A CN104396075 A CN 104396075A
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M·鲍尔
A·布赫纳
S·哈斯
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0043—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04716—Temperature of fuel cell exhausts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

本发明涉及一种尤其是机动车中的燃料电池堆的排风引导装置，该排风引导装置包括冷却装置，该冷却装置属于燃料电池堆的功能环境并且形式为由环境空气穿流的冷却器结构，其中，燃料电池堆的排风被引导到所述冷却器结构前面，使得排风沿穿流方向流过冷却器结构并且同时根据喷射泵原理夹带环境空气。燃料电池堆的排风在被引导到冷却器结构之前可以被冷却并且优选燃料电池堆的排风在多个至少近似平行于冷却器结构的流入面定向的管内被引导到冷却器结构前面，排风从这些管经由管壁中的出口流出，所述出口与穿流方向形成适合的角度。

Description

机动车中的燃料电池堆的排风引导装置
本发明涉及一种燃料电池堆的排风引导装置，该排风引导装置尤其是设置在机动车中，该排风引导装置包括冷却装置，该冷却装置属于燃料电池堆的功能环境并且形式为由环境空气穿流的冷却器结构。现有技术例如参见DE102008029529A1。
燃料电池、至少是PEM类型的燃料电池必须在运行期间进行冷却，因此需要为所谓的由多个单个燃料电池的堆叠构成的燃料电池堆设置适合的冷却装置。这种冷却装置大多包括载热介质回路和换热器，在换热器中，在燃料电池堆中吸收热量的循环的载热介质将所吸收的热量传递给被引导穿过在当前概括地称为冷却器结构的换热器的环境空气流。但也已知空气冷却的燃料电池堆，其本身构成或者说具有适合的冷却器结构，用于冷却的环境空气流在该冷却器结构旁流过或者穿流该冷却器结构，为此例如见未在先公开的申请号为10201220645.1的德国专利申请。在大多数情况下，在此为了将环境空气流输送穿过冷却器结构，无论它是独立的换热器还是集成在燃料电池堆中的冷却器结构，均需要独立的输送装置(风机、风扇等)，有些输送装置的能量需求相对高。
有鉴于此，本发明的任务在于，提出一种改进方案。
该任务的解决方案在于一种燃料电池堆的排风引导装置，该排风引导装置尤其是设置在机动车中，该排风引导装置包括冷却装置，该冷却装置属于燃料电池堆的功能环境并且形式为由环境空气穿流的冷却器结构，其中，燃料电池堆的排风被引导到所述冷却器结构前面，使得排风沿穿流方向流过冷却器结构并且同时根据喷射泵原理夹带环境空气。有利的实施方式和扩展方案是从属权利要求的内容。
根据本发明，燃料电池堆的排风——在PEM燃料电池中涉及阴极排风流——至少部分地被引导经过冷却器结构，在此排风流的压力或者说过压用于输送作为冷却空气的环境空气。根据本发明，为此排风流或者说至少一部分排风流被引导到冷却器结构，使得排风流在进入冷却器结构并且随后穿流冷却器结构时携带或者说夹带另外的环境空气进入冷却器结构。就这点而言，本发明利用原则上已知的喷射泵原理，这尤其是通过由适合的管组合构成的抽吸喷射泵已知。在此应明确指出，在冷却器结构上绝不需要将燃料电池排风以及环境空气在管组合中被引导到冷却器结构前面或里面，而只需将燃料电池堆的排风以适合的方式引导到冷却器结构前面，例如在多个至少近似平行于冷却器结构的流入面定向的管内，排风经由所述管的管壁中的出口从这些管流出，所述出口与穿过冷却器结构的所希望的冷却空气流的穿流方向形成适合的角度。以建议的方式始终可将燃料电池堆排风流中存在的压力势能用于输送环境空气和因此冷却空气穿过冷却器结构。
在燃料电池排风和所述排风流方面，其压力势能或者说过压源于之前环境空气作为反应空气向燃料电池堆中的输送，环境空气在那里在电极之一上——在PEM燃料电池的情况下在阴极上——与被引导向阴极电解质阳极单元的另一侧上的燃料流(尤其是以氢的形式)以已知方式反应，以便随后作为排风流被导出燃料电池堆。通常，燃料电池堆排风的温度以及尤其是水分含量相对于最初作为反应空气被供应给燃料电池的环境空气提高。因此，按照本发明一种有利的扩展方案的意义，燃料电池堆的排风在根据本发明被引导到冷却器结构之前可在适合的换热器中(优选再次在环境空气的辅助下)被冷却，在此有利的是水分发生冷凝，由此不因燃料电池堆的排风产生否则在大多数情况下可见的烟雾形成。
按照本发明的一种有利的扩展方案的意义，可有针对性地改变燃料电池排风相对于冷却器结构的流入方向和/或流入速度并且因此例如排风从所述管和一般性而言从任一系统——经由该系统燃料电池排风以根据本发明的方式被引导到冷却器结构前面——中的流出方向和/或流出速度。为此例如可借助滑动件或类似物改变所述管的管壁内的出口。借助滑动件例如可改变所述出口的横截面，由此燃料电池排风流形成不同的流出速度。但也可通过滑动件或类似物改变流入角，燃料电池排风流以该流入角遇到冷却器结构。然而，在举例提到的管的情况下——通过所述管燃料电池排风被引导到冷却器结构前面，这些管也可围绕其纵轴线转动并且由此改变排风流相对于冷却器结构的流入方向。当设置多个管时——通过所述管燃料电池排风被引导到冷却器结构前面，这些管中的一些管也可根据各种边界条件基本静止，也就是说不被加载燃料电池排风，由此整个排风流被分配到较少数量的管中并且因此排风流的流动速度在这些较少的管中增大。在此应指出，燃料电池排风并非必须如选择性建议的那样通过多个在管壁内设有出口的管被引导到冷却器结构的空气流入侧；为此也可使用其它空气引导系统。
所附原理图示出本发明的实施例，其中，图1以冷却器结构的端面的俯视图在原理上示出冷却器结构端面前面的根据本发明的排风引导装置的视图，图2示出图1的局部视图X。在此未示出燃料电池堆本身并且也未示出机动车、尤其是轿车，在其中设置燃料电池堆和以附图标记1表示的、例如以常见的空气－水换热器形式的冷却器结构，例如该换热器以用于冷却用作“现代”机动车驱动设备的内燃机的“冷却器”的形式在多种构造中安装于机动车中、尤其是机动车的前部区域中，在那里运动中的机动车的行驶风特别好地流向冷却器结构1。
环境空气可根据箭头2(尤其是参见图2)以穿流方向D流过冷却器结构1并且同时可以吸收未示出的载热介质(优选添加有防冻剂的水)的热量，与环境空气2(附图标记5也表示燃料电池排风本身)处于热交换中的载热介质中也被引导经过冷却器结构1。在图1中，所示的箭头2、5、D以正确方式应垂直于视图平面；仅为了简化显示，所述箭头2、5、D平躺地位于视图平面中。
为了使环境空气2能够如所显示的穿流冷却器结构1，冷却器结构如原则上以已知方式构造，这在当前附图中为简单起见未详细示出；冷却器结构1主要包括多个适合地被引导的管，载热介质在这些管中流动并且在管上设置许多肋，环境空气2作为冷却空气在肋上流过。
附图示出多个在环境空气2流向冷却器结构1的流入侧上在冷却器结构1的端面或者说流入面1a前面并且大致平行于所述端面或者说流入面延伸的管3，所述管在当前垂直地定向，但也可构造为其它形式。为了更加清楚，在图2中略微透视性或者说倾斜地示出所述管3。
在这些并行地被供应待引导的介质、即燃料电池堆的排风流的管3中引导所述燃料电池堆的排风流，也就是说，在每个管3中流过总排风流的相应比例。在这些管3中或者说在它们的管壁中设置多个出口4，使得从每个出口4定向地流出燃料电池排风的微小分流，该分流根据箭头5(附图标记5也表示燃料电池排风本身)流入冷却器结构1中并且随后根据箭头D穿流冷却器结构1，基于各排风分流的压力势能，一些环境空气根据箭头2也一同被夹带到冷却器结构1中或者说根据箭头D被夹带通过冷却器结构1，更确切地说利用喷射泵原理。由此至少减小了待设置、但在此未示出的输送装置的用于使环境空气流2穿流冷却器结构1所需的输送功率。有利的是，在此燃料电池排风5也与环境空气2混合并且因此被稀释，使得即使燃料电池排风5——如之前选择性描述的——在此之前未被冷却，也不会因燃料电池排风5内所含的湿气冷凝形成烟雾。附图未示出另一种之前所描述的有利的扩展方案，据此例如可借助适合的旋转滑动件有针对性地改变出口4的出口横截面和/或出口方向。

Claims (4)

1.燃料电池堆的排风引导装置，该排风引导装置尤其是设置在机动车中，该排风引导装置包括冷却装置，该冷却装置属于燃料电池堆的功能环境并且形式为由环境空气(2)穿流的冷却器结构(1)，其中，燃料电池堆的排风(5)被引导到所述冷却器结构(1)前面，使得排风沿穿流方向(D)流过冷却器结构(1)并且同时根据喷射泵原理夹带环境空气(2)。
2.根据权利要求1的排风引导装置，其中，燃料电池堆的排风(5)在被引导到冷却器结构(1)之前被冷却。
3.根据权利要求1或2的排风引导装置，其中，燃料电池堆的排风(5)在多个至少近似平行于冷却器结构(1)的流入面(1a)定向的管(3)内被引导到冷却器结构(1)前面，排风(5)从这些管经由管壁中的出口(4)流出，所述出口与穿流方向(D)形成适合的角度。
4.根据上述权利要求之一的排风引导装置，其中，排风(5)相对于冷却器结构(1)的流入方向和/或流入速度可有针对性地改变，尤其是可借助滑动件或类似物改变所述管(3)的管壁内的出口(4)。
CN201380034563.6A 2012-07-02 2013-06-06 机动车中的燃料电池堆的排风引导装置 Active CN104396075B (zh)

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DE102012211421.1 2012-07-02
DE201210211421 DE102012211421A1 (de) 2012-07-02 2012-07-02 Abluftführung eines Brennstoffzellenstacks in einem Kraftfahrzeug
PCT/EP2013/061742 WO2014005793A2 (de) 2012-07-02 2013-06-06 Abluftführung eines brennstoffzellenstacks in einem kraftfahrzeug

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JPH0729587A (ja) * 1993-07-12 1995-01-31 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池発電装置
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US10183592B2 (en) 2019-01-22
WO2014005793A2 (de) 2014-01-09
US20150111123A1 (en) 2015-04-23
EP2867943B1 (de) 2020-06-03
DE102012211421A1 (de) 2014-05-22
WO2014005793A3 (de) 2014-03-20
CN104396075B (zh) 2017-04-26

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