CN104393090B - 一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池 - Google Patents

一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池 Download PDF

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CN104393090B
CN104393090B CN201410556315.4A CN201410556315A CN104393090B CN 104393090 B CN104393090 B CN 104393090B CN 201410556315 A CN201410556315 A CN 201410556315A CN 104393090 B CN104393090 B CN 104393090B
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沈静曼
陆宏波
李欣益
张玮
孙利杰
周大勇
陈开建
石梦奇
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Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,包含由底层向顶层按生长方向依次设置的衬底、缓冲层、底电池、超宽带隙隧穿结、中电池、宽带隙隧穿结、顶电池以及接触层;底电池为AlGaInP电池,中电池为AlGaAs和GaInP异质结电池,顶电池为GaAs电池;中电池采用Zn掺杂的AlxGaAs作为基区,Si掺杂的GayInP作为发射区;其中0.05≤x≤0.45,0.48≤y≤0.54;底电池其背场采用梯度Zn掺杂的AlzGaInP,其中0.13≤z≤0.5。本发明提供的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,能够降低界面复合速率,得到高质量的电池材料,同时提高电池短路电流密度和开路电压。

Description

一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳电池,具体地,涉及一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池。
背景技术
由于煤炭,石油,天然气等常规能源存在不可再生和污染环境等局限,太阳电池能将源源不断的太阳光能有效利用,是可再生绿色能源的重要发展方向。III-V族化合物半导体材料构成的太阳电池较传统Si太阳电池有更高的光电转换效率,更强的抗辐射能力和更好的耐高温性能,已成为空间飞行器主电源。将反向生长的宽带隙三结GaAs(砷化镓)电池与正向生长的窄带隙双结InP电池通过半导体直接键合技术连接起来,构成的键合五结太阳电池是当前太阳电池的最高纪录保持者。该键合五结太阳电池采用2.21/1.7/1.4eV+1.05/0.73eV的带隙组合,由于InP基窄带隙双结电池的研究比较成熟,限制太阳电池效率的关键为GaAs基宽带隙反向三结电池。GaAs基宽带隙反向三结电池选用2.05/1.7/1.4eV的带隙组合,能满足对太阳光谱的有效利用,然而由于底电池带隙很宽,难以对其表面进行有效钝化,同时中电池采用AlGaAs(铝镓砷)材料,一般选用Si作为其n型掺杂剂,由此带来的问题是Si掺杂的AlGaAs中DX中心(DX中心是在n型III-V族半导体由杂质引入的高度局域化的缺陷态)会成为载流子的复合中心,大大降低电池的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种底电池采用梯度掺杂的背场、中电池内嵌异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,能够增强背场对少数载流子的反射作用,降低界面复合速率,得到高质量的电池材料,同时可以有效避免AlGaAs材料中Si掺杂引入DX中心。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,该电池包含由底层向顶层按生长方向依次设置的衬底、缓冲层、底电池、超宽带隙隧穿结、中电池、宽带隙隧穿结、顶电池以及接触层;底电池、中电池和顶电池分别包含按生长方向依次设置的窗口层、发射区、基区以及背场;所述的底电池为AlGaInP(磷化铝铟镓)电池,所述的中电池为AlGaAs和GaInP(磷化铟镓)异质结电池,所述的顶电池为GaAs电池;所述的中电池,采用Zn掺杂的AlxGaAs作为基区,Si掺杂的GayInP作为发射区,构成异质结太阳电池;其中x为AlGaAs中Al的绝对含量,0.05≤x≤0.45;y为GaInP中Ga的绝对含量,0.48≤y≤0.54;代替传统的AlGaAs发射区,构成异质结子电池,可以有效避免AlGaAs材料中Si掺杂引入DX中心。所述的底电池,其背场采用梯度Zn掺杂的AlzGaInP,其中0.13≤z≤0.5,增强背场的钝化作用和少子的反射作用,降低界面复合速率。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的中电池,其基区中Zn的掺杂浓度为5E16至5E17cm-3;其发射区中Si的掺杂浓度为8E17至4E18cm-3。中电池采用这种异质结结构能够有效减少因Si掺杂在AlGaAs材料中引入的DX中心,提升中电池的性能。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的中电池,其窗口层采用AlInP(磷化铝铟),背场采用AlGaInP;所述的窗口层采用Si掺杂AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;所述的背场采用Zn掺杂AlzGaInP,Zn的掺杂浓度为5E17 cm-3~1E19cm-3,其中0.13≤z≤0.5。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的底电池,其背场中Zn的掺杂浓度从1E17cm-3至3E18cm-3按e指数非线性变化。采用这种结构可以在电池结构中形成一个漂移电场,阻止载流子向界面处扩散,同时加速光生载流子的分离,从而减小界面复合速率,增加有效载流子数量,进而提升电池性能。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的底电池,其窗口层采用Si掺杂的AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;所述的发射区采用Si掺杂的AlaGaInP,Si的掺杂浓度为4E17~1E19cm-3;所述的基区采用Zn掺杂的AlbGaInP,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E16~5E17 cm-3;其中0.03≤a≤0.25,0.03≤b≤0.15。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的顶电池,其窗口层采用Si掺杂AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;所述的发射区采用Si掺杂的GaAs,Si的掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19;所述的基区采用Zn掺杂的GaAs,Zn的掺杂浓度为3E17~1E18;所述的背场采用Zn掺杂的AlcGaAs,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19,0.13≤c≤0.5。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的衬底采用p型GaAs,掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19;所述的缓冲层采用p型GaAs,掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19;所述的接触层采用Zn掺杂GaAs,掺杂浓度为3E18~1E19。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的宽带隙隧穿结,采用Si掺杂GaInP,掺杂浓度为1E18~5E19 cm-3,和C掺杂 AldGaAs,掺杂浓度为5E18~4E20 cm-3,其中0.4≤d≤0.9;
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的超宽带隙隧穿结采用采用Te掺杂AleGaInP,掺杂浓度为1E18~5E19 cm-3,和C掺杂 AlfGaAs,掺杂浓度为5E18~4E20 cm-3;其中0.13≤e≤0.6,0.4≤f≤0.9。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的反向三结太阳电池能够用来制备包含该反向三结太阳电池的多结太阳电池。
上述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其中,所述的多结太阳电池由所述的反向三结太阳电池通过外延生长或键合制备。
本发明提供的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池具有以下优点:
本发明选用梯度Zn掺杂的AlGaInP作为底电池的背场,增强背场的钝化作用和少子的反射作用,降低界面复合速率。中电池采用Zn掺杂的AlGaAs作为基区,Si掺杂的GaInP作为发射区代替传统的AlGaAs发射区,构成异质结子电池,可以有效避免AlGaAs材料中Si掺杂引入DX中心。
也就是说本发明能够增强底电池背场对少数载流子的反射作用,降低界面复合速率,得到高质量的电池材料,同时异质结中电池能够避免Si掺杂的AlGaAs材料中的DX缺陷对载流子的复合作用,增加有效载流子数量,进而提高电池短路电流密度和开路电压。
附图说明
图1为本发明的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步地说明。
如图1所示,本发明的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,包含由底层向顶层按生长方向依次设置的衬底1、缓冲层2、底电池3、超宽带隙隧穿结4、中电池5、宽带隙隧穿结6、顶电池7以及接触层8;底电池3、中电池5和顶电池7分别包含按生长方向依次设置的窗口层、发射区、基区以及背场。
底电池3为AlGaInP电池。其背场3-1采用梯度Zn掺杂的AlzGaInP,其中0.13≤z≤0.5。底电池3的背场3-1中Zn的掺杂浓度从1E17cm-3至3E18cm-3按e指数非线性变化。采用这种结构可以增强背场的钝化作用和少子的反射作用,在电池结构中形成一个漂移电场,阻止载流子向界面处扩散,同时加速光生载流子的分离,从而减小界面复合速率,增加有效载流子数量,进而提升电池性能。
底电池3其窗口层采用Si掺杂的AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;发射区采用Si掺杂的AlaGaInP,Si的掺杂浓度为4E17~1E19cm-3;基区采用Zn掺杂的AlbGaInP,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E16~5E17 cm-3;其中0.03≤a≤0.25,0.03≤b≤0.15。
中电池5为AlGaAs和GaInP异质结电池。该中电池5采用Zn掺杂的AlxGaAs作为基区5-2,Si掺杂的GayInP作为发射区5-1,构成异质结太阳电池;其中x为AlGaAs中Al的绝对含量,0.05≤x≤0.45;y为GaInP中Ga的绝对含量,0.48≤y≤0.54;中电池5的基区5-2中Zn的掺杂浓度为5E16至5E17cm-3;其发射区5-1中Si的掺杂浓度为8E17至4E18cm-3。中电池5采用这种异质结结构,代替传统的AlGaAs发射区,构成异质结子电池,能够有效减少因Si掺杂在AlGaAs材料中引入DX中心,提升中电池5的性能。
中电池5其窗口层采用AlInP(磷化铝铟),背场采用AlGaInP;窗口层采用Si掺杂AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;背场采用Zn掺杂AlzGaInP,Zn的掺杂浓度为5E17 cm-3~1E19cm-3,其中0.13≤z≤0.5。
顶电池7为GaAs电池。顶电池7其窗口层采用Si掺杂AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;发射区采用Si掺杂的GaAs,Si的掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19;基区采用Zn掺杂的GaAs,Zn的掺杂浓度为3E17~1E18;背场采用Zn掺杂的AlcGaAs,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19,0.13≤c≤0.5。
衬底1采用p型GaAs,掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19。
缓冲层2采用p型GaAs,掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19。
接触层8采用Zn掺杂GaAs,掺杂浓度为3E18~1E19。
宽带隙隧穿结4,采用Si掺杂GaInP,掺杂浓度为1E18~5E19 cm-3,和C掺杂 AldGaAs,掺杂浓度为5E18~4E20 cm-3,其中0.4≤d≤0.9;
超宽带隙隧穿结6采用采用Te掺杂AleGaInP,掺杂浓度为1E18~5E19 cm-3,和C掺杂 AlfGaAs,掺杂浓度为5E18~4E20 cm-3;其中0.13≤e≤0.6,0.4≤f≤0.9。
该反向三结太阳电池能够用来制备包含该反向三结太阳电池的多结太阳电池。该多结太阳电池由反向三结太阳电池通过外延生长或键合技术制备。
下面结合实施例对本发明做更进一步描述。
实施例1。
采用梯度掺Zn的Al0.2GaInP作为底电池3的背场3-1,掺杂浓度从5E17cm-3到3E18cm-3按e指数非线性变化。中电池5采用掺Zn的AlGaAs为基区5-2,掺Si的GaInP为发射区5-1,构成异质结太阳电池,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E17cm-3,Si的掺杂浓度为1E18 cm-3
实施例2。
采用梯度掺Zn的Al0.3GaInP作为底电池3的背场3-1,掺杂浓度从1E17 cm-3到1E18cm-3按e指数非线性变化。中电池5采用掺Zn的AlGaAs为基区5-2,掺Si的GaInP为发射区5-1,构成异质结太阳电池,Zn的掺杂浓度为3E17 cm-3,Si的掺杂浓度为2E18 cm-3
本发明提供的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,在底电池3中采用梯度掺杂的新型背场结构,增强少子的反射作用,降低界面复合速率,并且提高电池的开路电压。中电池5采用掺Zn的AlGaAs为基区,掺Si的GaInP代替掺Si的AlGaAs成为发射区,构成异质结,可以有效避免AlGaAs材料中掺入Si引入DX中心的问题,从而获得高质量的电池材料。且GaInP材料的禁带宽度较AlGaAs材料更大,可以提高电池的开路电压。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,该电池包含由底层向顶层按生长方向依次设置的衬底(1)、缓冲层(2)、底电池(3)、超宽带隙隧穿结(4)、中电池(5)、宽带隙隧穿结(6)、顶电池(7)以及接触层(8);底电池(3)、中电池(5)和顶电池(7)分别包含按生长方向依次设置的窗口层、发射区、基区以及背场;
所述的底电池(3)为AlGaInP电池,所述的中电池(5)为AlGaAs和GaInP异质结电池,所述的顶电池(7)为GaAs电池;
所述的中电池(5),采用Zn掺杂的AlxGaAs作为基区(5-2),Si掺杂的GayInP作为发射区(5-1),构成异质结太阳电池;其中0.05≤x≤0.45,0.48≤y≤0.54;
所述的底电池(3),其背场(3-1)采用梯度Zn掺杂的AlzGaInP,其中0.13≤z≤0.5。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的中电池(5),其基区(5-2)中Zn的掺杂浓度为5E16至5E17cm-3;其发射区(5-1)中Si的掺杂浓度为8E17至4E18cm-3
3.如权利要求2所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的中电池(5),其窗口层采用AlInP,背场采用AlGaInP;所述的窗口层采用Si掺杂AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;所述的背场采用Zn掺杂AlzGaInP,Zn的掺杂浓度为5E17 cm-3~1E19cm-3,其中0.13≤z≤0.5。
4.如权利要求1所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的底电池(3),其背场(3-1)中Zn的掺杂浓度从1E17 cm-3至3E18cm-3按e指数非线性变化。
5.如权利要求4所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的底电池(3),其窗口层采用Si掺杂的AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;所述的发射区采用Si掺杂的AlaGaInP,Si的掺杂浓度为4E17~1E19cm-3;所述的基区采用Zn掺杂的AlbGaInP,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E16~5E17 cm-3;其中0.03≤a≤0.25,0.03≤b≤0.15。
6.如权利要求1所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的顶电池(7),其窗口层采用Si掺杂AlInP,Si的掺杂浓度为5E17~1E19cm-3;所述的发射区采用Si掺杂的GaAs,Si的掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19 cm-3;所述的基区采用Zn掺杂的GaAs,Zn的掺杂浓度为3E17~1E18 cm-3;所述的背场采用Zn掺杂的AlcGaAs,Zn的掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19 cm-3,0.13≤c≤0.5。
7.如权利要求1所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的衬底(1)采用p型GaAs,掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19 cm-3;所述的缓冲层(2)采用p型GaAs,掺杂浓度为1E18~1E19 cm-3;所述的接触层(8)采用Zn掺杂GaAs,掺杂浓度为3E18~1E19 cm-3
8.如权利要求1所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的宽带隙隧穿结(4),采用Si掺杂GaInP,掺杂浓度为1E18~5E19 cm-3,和C掺杂 AldGaAs,掺杂浓度为5E18~4E20 cm-3,其中0.4≤d≤0.9。
9.如权利要求1所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的超宽带隙隧穿结(6)采用采用Te掺杂AleGaInP,掺杂浓度为1E18~5E19 cm-3,和C掺杂 AlfGaAs,掺杂浓度为5E18~4E20 cm-3;其中0.13≤e≤0.6,0.4≤f≤0.9。
10.如权利要求1~9中任意一项所述的含有异质结结构的宽带隙反向三结太阳电池,其特征在于,所述的反向三结太阳电池能够用来制备包含该反向三结太阳电池的多结太阳电池。
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