CN104362144B - 胎压监测系统的封装结构及其封装方法 - Google Patents

胎压监测系统的封装结构及其封装方法 Download PDF

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CN104362144B
CN104362144B CN201410485802.6A CN201410485802A CN104362144B CN 104362144 B CN104362144 B CN 104362144B CN 201410485802 A CN201410485802 A CN 201410485802A CN 104362144 B CN104362144 B CN 104362144B
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substrate
tire pressure
monitoring system
pressure monitoring
silica gel
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CN104362144A (zh
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周志健
邝国华
许国辉
朱二辉
刘沛钊
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GUANGDONG HEWEI INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/26Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/31Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/32Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
    • H01L2224/321Disposition
    • H01L2224/32151Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/32221Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/32225Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/4805Shape
    • H01L2224/4809Loop shape
    • H01L2224/48091Arched
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/481Disposition
    • H01L2224/48151Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/48221Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/48225Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
    • H01L2224/48227Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/73Means for bonding being of different types provided for in two or more of groups H01L2224/10, H01L2224/18, H01L2224/26, H01L2224/34, H01L2224/42, H01L2224/50, H01L2224/63, H01L2224/71
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    • H01L2224/73251Location after the connecting process on different surfaces
    • H01L2224/73265Layer and wire connectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种胎压监测系统的封装结构及其封装方法,属于集成电路封装技术领域,为解决现有装置体积大、重量重而不便于在汽车轮胎上安装的问题而设计。本发明胎压监测系统的封装结构包括具有顶层和底层的基板,传感器和控制芯片分别粘接在所述基板的顶层并通过固定件分别进行固定,分立元件也贴装在所述基板的顶层,所述传感器上包覆矽胶,所述基板上设有的全部元件通过包封材料封装。本发明的胎压监测系统封装结构体积小、重量轻、性能稳定,本发明胎压监测系统封装结构的封装方法,工序简单、便捷,能够保证在恶劣环境下使用的可靠性。

Description

胎压监测系统的封装结构及其封装方法
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路封装技术领域,具体涉及一种胎压监测系统的封装结构及其封装方法。
背景技术
胎压监测系统TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System)是一种用于实时监测汽车轮胎内气压变化的理想工具,该系统主要是在汽车行驶时对轮胎内的气压进行自动监测,当轮胎出现漏气和低压情况时及时进行报警,从而保障行车安全,此外,通过胎压监测系统的实时监控,当轮胎压力变小时可以及时操作,从而减少由于轮胎压力较小时行驶而造成的油耗损失,延长轮胎的使用寿命。胎压监测系统通过将传感器、控制芯片以及分立元件等半导体器件集成从而实现其监测功能。
现有胎压监测系统是将传感器和控制芯片粘接在一个特制的线框上,金属引脚绑定在线框的外部,该特制线框不仅体积大而且特别重,制作时还需要根据传感器的大小、形状结构等制作对应的模具和线框,制作过程复杂且成本较高、开发周期较长,另外,现有胎压监测系统体积庞大难以达到更高的集成度,无法满足汽车胎压监测的更高需求,且庞大的体积和较大的重量导致其安装在轮胎上的难度较大,安装过程费时费力。
随着胎压监测系统技术的不断发展,对体积、重量及其他性能参数要求越来越高,在保证胎压监测系统的功能的稳定性和可靠性的同时将其封装结构小型化成为一个趋势。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提出一种超微型、性能稳定、可靠的胎压监测系统的封装结构。
本发明的另一个目的是提出一种工序简单、便捷的胎压监测系统封装结构的封装方法。
为达此目的,一方面,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,包括具有顶层和底层的基板,传感器和控制芯片分别粘接在所述基板的顶层并通过固定件分别进行固定,分立元件也贴装在所述基板的顶层,所述传感器上包覆矽胶,所述基板上设有的全部元件通过包封材料封装。
作为本发明的一个优选方案,所述基板是BT超薄基板。
进一步的,所述基板的底层设有散热焊盘,所述固定件是绑定线,所述绑定线将所述传感器和所述控制芯片分别固定在所述基板上。
进一步的,所述传感器和所述控制芯片分别通过粘合剂粘接在所述基板的顶层,所述粘合剂的热膨胀系数小于等于50ppm/℃。
进一步的,所述传感器的绑定线在所述矽胶的包覆范围内。
作为本发明的一个优选方案,所述包封材料是环氧树脂。
进一步的,封装全部元件后的所述环氧树脂高于包覆所述传感器后的所述矽胶。
另一方面,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种基于上述胎压监测系统封装结构的封装方法,所述方法包括下述步骤:
步骤1:利用表面贴装的方式将分立元件安装在基板的与散热焊盘相对的一个面上;
步骤2:利用粘合剂将传感器和控制芯片分别固定在设有所述分立元件的所述基板的面上;
步骤3:通过绑定线将所述传感器和所述控制芯片分别绑定;
步骤4:利用点胶方式将所述传感器包覆在矽胶内;
步骤5:利用环氧树脂将全部元件封装填充。
进一步的,点胶后,所述矽胶将所述传感器和所述绑定线都包覆在内,用于保护绑定线,防止产生应力将其拉断。
进一步的,凝固后的用于封装全部元件的所述环氧树脂高于用于包覆所述传感器的所述矽胶。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明通过采用基板把各种器件绑定,基板选用了高耐热BT超薄基板,该基板重量轻,加工工序简单,极大的减小了胎压监测封装结构的尺寸,以致整个封装结构体积和重量都大大减小,满足了现有胎压监测系统封装结构对尺寸的要求。
(2)本发明提供的超微型胎压监测系统封装结构更容易安装在汽车轮胎上,在汽车轮胎做负载平衡调试时能够提供更大的余量,安装过程省时省力。
(3)本发明利用环氧树脂将全部元件封装,选用符合欧盟规定的无卤成分的环氧树脂化合物,材料气密性好,热膨胀系数低,能够满足汽车胎压监测系统在恶劣的环境下使用,对于防潮、抗震等各种需求也都能够满足。
(4)通过各种器件安装在基板上然后进行封装,该封装结构与有线框类封装结构比,极大的降低了安装的复杂性和成本,提高了制作效率,且该封装结构拥有良好的可靠性和稳定性,极大提高了我国在胎压监测系统应用上的竞争力。
附图说明
图1是本发明具体实施方式提供的胎压监测系统封装结构的结构示意图;
图2是本发明具体实施方式提供的胎压监测系统封装结构的截面图;
图3是本发明具体实施方式提供的胎压监测系统封装结构的底面图;
图中:
1、传感器;2、控制芯片;3、分立元件;4、基板;41、散热焊盘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
图1至图3是本发明具体实施方式提供的胎压监测系统封装结构的结构示意图。一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,包括具有顶层和底层的基板4,传感器1和控制芯片2分别粘接在基板4的顶层并通过固定件分别进行固定,分立元件3也贴装在基板4的顶层,传感器1上包覆矽胶,基板4上设有的全部元件通过包封材料封装,其中,传感器1通常为微机电(MEMS)传感器(包括压力、加速度传感器)。
具体的,基板4优选高耐热BT(Bismaleimide Triazine)超薄基板,其中,BT是由双马来酰亚胺与氰酸酯树脂合成制得的,该基板4重量轻,具有较低的热膨胀系数,因而能够减小在高温、高压下的变形、应力,从而减少对传感器及敏感电路的影响。
固定件优选绑定线,绑定线将传感器1和控制芯片2分别固定。基板4的底层优选设计成散热焊盘41,绑定线将传感器1和控制芯片2绑定后穿设到散热焊盘41上,该散热焊盘41一方面有助于散热,另一方面能增加胎压监测模块在电路板上的抗震能力。
传感器1和控制芯片2分别通过粘合剂粘接在基板4的顶层上,粘合剂也选用热膨胀系数较小的粘合剂,优选小于等于50ppm/℃的粘合剂,从而达到在不同温度下,减小由于热不匹配所产生的热应力。
所述包封材料选用环氧树脂,该环氧树脂选用符合欧盟规格无卤成份的化合物,具有气密性好,热膨胀系数较低(小于等于13ppm/℃)的特性,不仅保证绑定线不受其影响,还能满足高温作业和防潮的需求。
基于该胎压监测系统封装结构的封装方法包括下述步骤:
步骤1:利用表面贴装的方式将分立元件3安装在基板4的与散热焊盘41相对的一个面上;
步骤2:利用粘合剂将传感器1和控制芯片2分别固定在设有所述分立元件3的所述基板4的面上;
步骤3:通过绑定线将所述传感器1和所述控制芯片2分别绑定,所述绑定线穿设到所述基板4的所述散热焊盘41上;
步骤4:利用点胶方式将所述传感器1包覆在矽胶内;
步骤5:利用环氧树脂将全部元件封装填充,并留有开口供传感器接触压力。
具体的,点胶的方法将整个传感器包覆在矽胶内,该矽胶不仅能使传感器外露感测轮胎的压力,而且会对外围树脂的应力起到隔离作用,选用兆帕级或以上抗拉强度的矽胶,可以保证在高压和猛烈震动下,各元件正常工作。
从传感器到基板的绑定线要控制在点胶的范围内,避免绑定线受到矽胶和环氧树脂两种不同材料的热膨胀系数的影响,在反复的温度循环中,产生应力把绑定线拉断。
矽胶凝固好后,用无卤环氧树脂把全部元件封装填充,由于矽胶与树脂之间的表面张力,因而适当控制树脂的份量,凝固后环氧树脂需比矽胶稍高一些,形成一个窗口。
利用上述封装方法制成的封装结构体积是线框类封装体积的1/3左右,重量是线框类封装的一半左右,加工工序复杂性降低,加工成本降低,并且该封装结构具有较高的可靠性和稳定性,能够满足在恶劣环境下的使用。
以上是结合附图给出的实施例,仅是实现本发明的优选方案而非对其限制,任何对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神,均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。本发明的保护范围还包括本领域技术人员不付出创造性劳动所能想到的任何替代技术方案。

Claims (5)

1.一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,其特征在于:包括具有顶层和底层的基板(4),传感器(1)和控制芯片(2)分别粘接在所述基板(4)的顶层并通过固定件分别进行固定,分立元件(3)也贴装在所述基板(4)的顶层,
所述传感器(1)上包覆矽胶,所述矽胶为半球状;所述传感器(1)设置在所述矽胶与所述基板(4)的顶层形成的空间内;所述基板(4)上设有的全部元件通过包封材料封装,所述包封材料的底部与所述基板(4)的顶层连接,所述包封材料的上表面设有检测孔,所述检测孔靠近基板(4)的一端的孔口与所述矽胶的外表面贴合;所述检测孔的直径小于所述矽胶的直径;
所述包封材料是环氧树脂;
其中,所述检测孔的形成方式为:用无卤环氧树脂把全部元件封装填充,由于矽胶与树脂之间的表面张力,因而适当控制树脂的份量,凝固后环氧树脂高于所述矽胶,形成一个窗口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,其特征在于:所述基板(4)是BT超薄基板。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,其特征在于:所述基板(4)的底层设有散热焊盘(41),所述固定件是绑定线,所述绑定线将所述传感器(1)和所述控制芯片(2)分别固定并穿设到所述散热焊盘(41)上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,其特征在于:所述传感器(1)和所述控制芯片(2)分别通过粘合剂粘接在所述基板(4)的顶层,所述粘合剂的热膨胀系数小于等于50ppm/℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种胎压监测系统的封装结构,其特征在于:所述传感器(1)的绑定线在所述矽胶的包覆范围内。
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