CN1043441A - 有疏水性衬垫的吸收体 - Google Patents

有疏水性衬垫的吸收体 Download PDF

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CN1043441A
CN1043441A CN89108181A CN89108181A CN1043441A CN 1043441 A CN1043441 A CN 1043441A CN 89108181 A CN89108181 A CN 89108181A CN 89108181 A CN89108181 A CN 89108181A CN 1043441 A CN1043441 A CN 1043441A
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威尼弗雷德·C·达布洛斯基
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Abstract

一种用于吸收并存留体液的吸收体,包含一个防水衬垫,该防水衬垫沿着吸收层的纵边将吸收层分隔开,从而防止体液沿纵向边渗漏。

Description

本发明涉及一种用于吸收体液的吸收体,特别涉及一种用作卫生巾、紧身内裤衬里、尿布及类似物品的吸收垫。
通常,这种吸收体包含一层或多层亲水材料的芯,这些亲水材料例如是木浆、人造纤维织物或类似物。该亲水材料通常是纤维型的,被制成矩形或椭圆形的衬垫,在有些情况下,还可制成更接近穿戴者形体的形状。这种吸收体可设计成带有从横向伸出的侧翼或折边,用来防止流出卫生巾的体液沾污穿戴者紧身内裤。通常,在衬垫的对着身体的一面,带有一个能渗透体液的封皮,在背离身体的一面,带有一个用以防止衣服被弄脏或弄湿的、不能渗透体液的封皮。
一般说来,这种吸收体在吸收并存留体液及防止穿戴者衣服被弄脏、弄湿方面都具有令人满意的功能,当穿戴者把该吸收体放到适当位置上时,体液被引导到吸收体的中心或中心附近,并通过液体引线分布到整个吸收介质中去。但是,在许多情况下,由于穿戴者没有放在适当位置或者由于穿戴者的运动,都使吸收体错位,这时,体液就会偏离衬垫的中心而流向垫子的边缘。在使用时,体液在偏离中心位置上的沉积是引起该吸收体失效的原因,也就是说,穿戴者的衣服被体液弄脏或弄湿。这种失效就是通常所知的“边缘失效”。
即使穿戴者不使得该吸收体错位,仍然会有许多边缘失效。积存的体液横向地和纵向地流过吸收介质,由于吸收体两边之间的距离较小,所以体液产生横流,从而迅速引起边缘失效。
过去,人们曾作过许多努力采用隔膜或致密的薄片来引导体液的流动。例如,美国专利NO3375827(Bletzinger等人)揭示了一种放置在卫生巾主吸收部件的朝向身体一面的液流控制部件。Bletzinger等人揭示的液流控制部件是一个吸收材料的压缩带,其长度和宽度的尺寸都小于上述主吸收部件。但是,由于该液流控制部件直接放在吸收芯的顶部,因此,体液径向地绕过并穿过液流控制部件流向吸收芯,体液横向地和纵向地流向衬垫的边缘,引起边缘失效。
美国专利NO    3612054(Matsuda)揭示了一种卫生巾,该卫生巾有三层吸收材料层,在吸收材料层间夹有防水材料的隔层。虽然该隔层使吸收层的吸收能力得以充分利用,但仍不能解决边缘失效的问题。体液仍能透过吸收层流出卫生巾的边缘。
美国专利NO    4282874(Mesek)揭示了一种带有致密层的尿布。该致密层用来提供一种“引流”梯度,它能使液体迅速地流向背离身体的一面,并且不能朝向身体一面回流。但是,Mesek没有解决吸收体的边缘渗漏问题。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种吸收体,该吸收体能基本上阻止体液流向吸收体边缘,从而限制或防止了边缘失效。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种如卫生巾之类的吸收体,该吸收体具有引导体液沿着其纵向轴流动的能力。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种吸收体,该吸收体的大部分吸收能力能被利用。
按照本发明的原理,提供一种吸收体,该吸收体引导液体沿其纵向流动,由于基本上阻止了液体流出吸收体的纵边,从而基本上能限制或防止边缘失效。在本发明的吸收体中,一个防水层沿着吸收层的纵边将吸收层隔开,基本上阻止吸收层之间沿吸收体纵向边的接触。该防水层允许顶层和位于防水层下面的吸收层在吸收体的纵向端部接触。由于在纵边没有液体的流出口,液体沿着吸收体的纵向轴流向其端部,并被吸入到一个或多个底部贮存层中。
本发明的吸收体包括:
(a)一个位于与身体接触面上的、可渗透液体的封皮;
(b)一个位于上述封皮下面的第一吸收层,它有相对设置的纵边,一个朝向身体的面和一个朝向衣服的面;
(c)一个位于上述第一吸收层下面的防水层,其宽度近似等于或大于第一吸收层的宽度,其长度近似等于或小于第一吸收层的长度;
(d)一个位于上述防水层下面的第二吸收层,其长度大于防水层的长度并且等于或大于第一吸收层的长度,其宽度小于防水层的宽度并等于或大于第一吸收层的宽度。
第一和第二吸收层的纵边沿其长度的绝大部分是被隔开的。
当体液流到本发明的吸收体上时,先流向第一吸收层,被阻止横向穿过吸收体,而沿着吸收体的纵轴流向吸收体端部,绕过防水层的端部进入第二吸收层。
第一、第二及更多的吸收层可以由各种材料做成,包括木纤维织物、木浆、再生纤维织物或棉织物、人造纤维织物或其它合成纤维织物和/或其它具有吸收和存留液体性能的材料。吸收层最好由木浆制成,因为它具有极高的吸收和存留液体的能力。吸收层可以做成矩形的或其它所需形状。
顶部和底部吸收层可以由具有不同程度的吸收和存留性能的材料做成,例如,底层可以比顶层具有更高的吸收率,这种吸收性能的差异将促使液流从顶层转移到底层。
防水层所具有的防水性能是相对吸收层而言的,因此,它不必非由泡沫或其它认为是“疏水性”的材料,即不吸收或不吸附液体的材料做成。实际上,它可以由某种吸收材料做成,只要该材料的吸收性能低于吸收层的即可。这种防水层最好由聚合泡沫制成,因为这种泡沫不仅防水,而且使卫生巾具有弹性,使之保持形状,并有助于保持吸收体与使用者身体之间的良好接触。例如,防水层可由氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫、聚乙烯泡沫、苯乙烯泡沫、橡胶泡沫、氨基醚泡沫或其它类似物制成。最好是由氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫制成,因为这种泡沫使穿戴者感觉舒适。为了防止在使用过程中衬垫被压破或撕裂,这些泡沫应具有一些弹性。这些泡沫的密度最好在0.035~0.320g/cc之间,这些泡沫由Gurley韧度测定仪(由纽约州的W和L.E.Gurle    of    Tror制造,参见1982.10.19颁布给Kopolow的美国专利No    4354901)测定的韧度应该在1~9之间,最好在1~6之间。
图1~3表示了按照本发明的一个卫生巾的最佳实施例。该卫生巾有很短的侧向伸出部分,或者有由防水层侧向伸出部分形成的“小翼”。底吸收层230与顶吸收层220邻接,底、顶吸收层都可以由木浆绒毛制成。防水层210叠合在底吸收230的上面,它的两侧向外伸出超过顶、底吸收层的宽度。该防水层210的侧向伸出部分不仅因其阻止了吸收层在边缘或纵向边的接触而防止边缘失效,而且还对穿戴者的内衣提供了额外的保护。同时还提供了弹性的边缘,当腿部与侧翼相接触时,可以防止擦伤和刺激皮肤。
图4和图5显示了本发明吸收体的一个最佳实施例。底吸收层30可以由木浆绒毛垫制成。防水层10叠合在底吸收层30之上。防水层10也有侧向伸出部分15,该伸出部分15可以沿着边缘绕过吸收层30的纵边,向衬垫与衣服接触的面弯折,而形成一个“马鞍形”。一个较小的吸收层20叠合在吸收层30之上,其宽度与吸收层30的宽度相同,但长度小于吸收层30的长度。由于防水层10的作用,流到顶吸收层20上的液体及径向地流向吸收层20纵边25的液体都不会溢流出吸收层20的纵边25。因此液体就沿纵向流向吸收层20的横向端28。吸收层20的横向端28与吸收层30的横向端32相接触,因而液体可从层20流到层30上。所有组件都用封皮29包封住,并在该吸收体的纵向端40折封起来。
图6显示了本发明吸收体的另一个较佳实施例。底吸收层130和顶吸收层120相邻,一个约与吸收层120和吸收层130同宽的防水层110阻止了吸收层120和吸收层130在纵向边的接触。由于防水层的阻隔,流到顶吸收层上的液体不能越过顶吸收层的边流到底吸收层130上,而必须沿着纵轴方向流向吸收层的端部。
图7和图8显示了按本发明制成的卫生巾的照片。该卫生巾的防水层有由侧向伸出部分形成的小翼。把代替月经做试验的液体积存在卫生巾上并检查其流动方式。图7表明与防水层邻接的顶防水层的一部分已浸透液体。图8表明液体优先地从防水层的纵向端9流入底吸收层,而不是从边缘流入底吸收层,从而防止了边缘失效。
以下的例子表明了使用本发明吸收体的效果。当然,这些例子不能限制本发明的范围,仅仅用作说明本发明吸收体及其用途。
例1
一个用模压聚乙烯衬垫制成的卫生巾,该衬垫有三排Fuller    1940W热熔定位胶(一个苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物树脂和油,可从H.P.Fuller公司买到),两个压制的重量很轻的木浆垫,总重5.0克,一个用General泡沫P3800(一种氨基甲酸乙脂泡沫薄膜,可从General泡沫公司买到)制成的防水层。该防水层的尺寸约为3英吋长×4英寸宽×0.125英吋厚,放置于上述压制的木浆垫上,在该泡沫防水层的上面,是一个尺寸约为7.5英吋长×2.6英吋宽的蓬松状木浆层。整个卫生巾用带有小孔的薄膜包封,该薄膜是用美国专利No    4690679揭示的聚乙烯和乙基乙烯基乙酸脂喷射共同压制而成。封皮折封到聚丙烯衬垫上。该卫生巾有小的侧向伸出部分,每个伸出部分宽约0.7英吋。
例2
一个用木浆垫制成的卫生巾,该木浆垫约3英吋长×3.5英吋宽×7.5英吋厚。一个1/8英吋厚、3.5英吋宽、3英吋长的氨基甲酸乙脂泡沫垫用331581聚酯酸乙烯酯胶粘在上述木浆垫上,该胶可在National    Starch公司买到。泡沫垫的边缘稍稍伸出超过木浆垫的边缘。在该泡沫垫的上面粘有一个小的木浆垫,该小木浆垫的尺寸为6.25英吋长×2英吋宽×0.25英吋厚。该卫生巾用一个165个孔/平方英吋的无水纤维封皮(见同时申请的No    869156申请案)全部包封住。用一种Fuller    1940W喷胶(见例1)将封皮粘到垫子上。一个宽3.5英吋的聚乙烯船形垫放在底部,位于较大木浆垫的下面。包封该卫生巾的工艺是绕着底木浆垫的边拉伸泡沫垫的侧向伸出部分,形成“马鞍形”。
例3
除防水层以外,其它都是按照例2的方法制成的卫生巾,该卫生巾的防水层用3英吋长×3英吋宽的HolloflTM牌聚酯纤维(可从E.I.dupont de Nemours公司买到)做成,在防水层中间的2.5英吋宽范围被压扁,两边各剩下0.25英吋宽不压并使之突出于所述的聚乙烯船形垫的边。
例4
一个用7.5英吋长×3英吋宽的木浆垫制成的卫生巾,在该木浆垫的上面,放有一层0.125英吋厚×3英吋长×4英吋宽的General泡沫氨基甲酸乙脂垫作为防水层,在泡沫防水层上面粘着一个较小的木浆垫。一个0.001英吋厚的白色模压聚乙烯衬垫放在卫生巾的下面,并把用封皮喷胶粘的共同挤压成的多孔薄膜封皮折封起来。
例5
一个除防水层外,其它都按照例2方法制成的卫生巾,该卫生巾的防水层是一个3英吋长×3.5英吋宽×0.125英吋厚的蓝色模压聚丙烯垫层。
例6
一个用轻的木浆垫制成的卫生巾,该木浆垫的中间被压扁,一个3英吋宽×1.75英吋长×0.375英吋厚的氨基甲酸乙脂泡沫垫放在木浆垫的压扁部位。一个较小的木浆垫放在该泡沫垫的上面。泡沫垫被粘在两个木浆垫上。用封皮喷射法把衬垫包封在无水纤维封皮内。
以下的例子说明本发明吸收体的实际使用情况。
例A
给行经妇女一些卫生巾,以供轮流测试,给20名妇女每人6个按例子1制成的卫生巾和6个可从Rrocter和Gamble公司买到的Regular ALWAYSTM牌Regular Maxipad卫生巾。把卫生巾连续编号,通知妇女按号数使用该卫生巾。随便哪个在先,每个卫生巾用6个小时或一直用到失效,弄清失效是经血从卫生巾的边缘渗漏的还是从卫生巾的端部渗漏的或者是从边缘和端部一起渗漏的,例1的卫生巾,在48个中有6个失效,占12.5%,在51个ALMAYSTMMaxipad卫生巾中,有14个失效,占27.5%。
例B
除了用例2和例3的卫生巾代替例A中的卫生巾外,其余都按例A中提出的方法进行轮流使用试验,结果,例2的卫生巾,在41个中有5个失效,占12.2%,例3的卫生巾,在42个中有9个失效,占17.31%。
例C
除了用例4的卫生巾代替可从Procter和Gamblc买到的ALWAYSTMRegular Maxipads以外,其余都按照例A中提出的方法进行轮流使用试验。结果,54个例4的卫生巾中,有8个失效,占14.8%。将ALWAYSTMRcgular Maxipads与本发明的卫生巾作一对比,结果,在55个ALWAYSTM牌卫生巾中,有24个失效,占43.64%。这一结果表明,按照本发明制成的卫生巾与可购买到的ALWAYSTMRegular Maxipad产品相比,在防止失效方面是很有效的。
例D
除了用例2和例5的卫生巾代替例A中的卫生巾以外,其余都按照例A中提出的方法进行轮流试验。结果,在14个例2的卫生巾中,没有一个失效,占0%。在16个例5的卫生巾中,有一个失效,占6.25%。
例E
除了用例6的卫生巾代替例A中的ALWAYSTM牌Regular“New-Longer”Maxipads卫生巾以外,其余都按例A中所提出的方法进行轮流使用试验。结果,在67个例6的卫生巾中,有10个失效,占14.93%。而使用的68个ALWAYSTM牌卫生巾中,有36个失效,占52.94%。这一比较表明,与按照本发明的无防水层的卫生巾相比,本申请人的发明的产品有意想不到的优越性。
例F(无作用的例子)
在这个例子中,除了用例7中的卫生巾与STAYFREETM牌Maxi Pads作比较外,其余都按照例A中提出的方法进行轮流使用试验。结果,16个例7的卫生巾中,有5个失效,占31.2在18个STAYFREETM牌Maxi Pads中,有6个失效,占33.33%。这一结果表明,仅仅插入一个泡沫防水层,在防止或显著减少卫生巾的使用失效方面是不够的。

Claims (10)

1、一种具有相对设置的端部及纵向边的吸收体,包括:
(a)一个位于与身体接触面上的可渗透液体的封皮;
(b)一个位于上述封皮下面的第一吸收层,它有相对设置的纵向边和相对设置的横向边,有一个对着身体的面和一个对着衣服的面;
(c)一个位于上述第一吸收层下面的防水层,它有相对设置的纵向边和相对设置的横向边,该纵向边之间的距离与第一吸收层纵向边之间的距离大致相同或更大些,该横向边之间的距离与第一吸收层横向边之间的距离大致相同或更小些;一个位于上述防水层下面的第二吸收层,它也有相对设置的纵向边和相对设置的横向边,其横向边之间的距离大于防水层横向边之间的距离;
上述的第一和第二吸收层沿着它们的纵向边被隔开一个距离,这样,流到第一吸收层上的液体基本上被阻止从纵边流出,而沿着吸收体的纵向流向第二吸收层。
2、一种如权利要求1所述的吸收体,其中的防水层纵向边之间的距离大于所说第一和第二吸收层的纵向边间距离。
3、一种如权利要求1所述的吸收体,其中第二吸收层纵向边之间的距离大于第一吸收层纵向边之间的距离。
4、一种如权利要求1所述的吸收体,其中第二吸收层纵向边之间的距离基本上等于防水层纵向边之间的距离。
5、一种如权利要求2所述的吸收体,其中的防水层包含选自由纤维物质和聚合泡沫组成的材料。
6、一种如权利要求5所述的吸收体,其中防水层含有纤维材料。
7、一种如权利要求2所述的吸收体,其中防水层伸出第二吸收层纵向边之外,并能朝着吸收体临衣服的一面弯折。
8、一种如权利要求4所述的吸收体,其中防水层由Gurley韧度在1~8之间的泡沫制成。
9、一种如权利要求8所述的吸收体,其中所说的Gurley韧度在2~6之间。
10、一种如权利要求8所述的吸收体,其中所说的泡沫的密度约在0.035和0.32g/cc之间。
CN89108181A 1988-09-22 1989-09-22 有疏水性衬垫的吸收体 Expired - Lifetime CN1022088C (zh)

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